Fissurina

The genus was circumscribed by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in an 1825 publication. Some later authors preferred to use the name Fissurina to describe infrageneric (i.e., below genus level) groups of the genus Graphis, such as Edvard Vainio in 1921 who used it as a subgenus, and Alexander Zahlbruckner (1923) and Karl Redinger (1935), who used the name for sections. Fissurina is in the family Graphidaceae. In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues, using a "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks, proposed placing Fissurina as the type genus of Fissurinaceae, a family originally proposed by Brendan P. Hodkinson in 2012. This taxonomic proposal was rejected by Robert Lücking in a critical 2019 review of the temporal method for the classification of lichen-forming fungi, using this specific example to highlight several drawbacks of this approach. ==Description==

Fissurina is characterized by fissurine ascocarps (i.e., having a fissured or slit-like ), poorly developed and non- or weakly carbonized s, and 1-8 spored asci that make thick-walled, trans-septate or hyaline often with a halo. Acanthothecis is a similar genus with warty and but can be differentiated from Fissurina by the cylindrical spore without a thick jelly-like spore wall. Graphis differs from Fissurina by its carbonized, well-developed exciple (labia) and ascospores without a halo. ==Species==

'' '' '' • Fissurina abdita • Fissurina adscribens • Fissurina aggregatula – Florida • Fissurina albocinerea • Fissurina albolabiata – Florida • Fissurina albonitens • Fissurina alligatorensis • Fissurina amazonica – Brazil • Fissurina americana • Fissurina amyloidea • Fissurina analphabetica – Florida • Fissurina andamanensis – India • Fissurina aperta • Fissurina astroisidiata • Fissurina atlantica – Brazil • Fissurina aurantiacolirellata • Fissurina aurantiacostellata • Fissurina baishanzuensis • Fissurina batavana • Fissurina bullata • Fissurina capsulata – India • Fissurina carassensis • Fissurina chapsoides • Fissurina chrysocarpa – Brazil • Fissurina chrysocarpoides • Fissurina cinereodisca • Fissurina cingalina • Fissurina coarctata – India • Fissurina columbina • Fissurina comparilis • Fissurina comparimuralis • Fissurina confusa – Florida • Fissurina crystallifera • Fissurina cypressi • Fissurina disposita – India • Fissurina dumastii • Fissurina dumastioides • Fissurina duplicans • Fissurina duplomarginata – Singapore • Fissurina elaiocarpa • Fissurina elixii • Fissurina evanida • Fissurina flavicans • Fissurina flavomedullosa – Peru • Fissurina fujisanensis • Fissurina furfuracea • Fissurina fuscoalba • Fissurina gigas • Fissurina glauca • Fissurina globulifica • Fissurina hemithecioides – Vietnam • Fissurina homichlodes • Fissurina howeana • Fissurina humilis • Fissurina ilicicola • Fissurina illiterata • Fissurina immersa – India • Fissurina inabensis • Fissurina incisura • Fissurina indica – India • Fissurina insidiosa • Fissurina inspersa – Florida • Fissurina intercludens • Fissurina isidiata • Fissurina isohypocrellina – Brazil • Fissurina jaliscoensis • Fissurina karnatakensis – India • Fissurina khasiana – India • Fissurina linoana • Fissurina longiisidiata • Fissurina longiramea – India • Fissurina lumbschiana • Fissurina macrospora • Fissurina mexicana – Florida • Fissurina microcarpa – India • Fissurina micromma • Fissurina monilifera • Fissurina nicobarensis – India • Fissurina nigrolabiata • Fissurina niveoalba – Thailand • Fissurina paradoxica • Fissurina parvicarpa • Fissurina phuluangii – Thailand • Fissurina platythecioides – Peru • Fissurina praetermissa • Fissurina pseudostromatica – Florida • Fissurina psoromica • Fissurina redingerioides • Fissurina reticulata • Fissurina rubiginosa • Fissurina rufula • Fissurina scolecitis • Fissurina seychellensis • Fissurina shivamoggensis • Fissurina simplex – India • Fissurina simulans • Fissurina sipmanii – Colombia • Fissurina sporolata – India • Fissurina srilankensis – Sri Lanka • Fissurina stegoboloides • Fissurina streimannii • Fissurina stromatoides • Fissurina subcomparimuralis • Fissurina subcontexta • Fissurina subcorallina • Fissurina subfurfuracea • Fissurina submonospora – India • Fissurina subnitidula • Fissurina subtropica • Fissurina subundulata – China • Fissurina tachygrapha • Fissurina taeniocarpoides • Fissurina tenuimarginata – Mexico • Fissurina triticea • Fissurina tuberculifera – Sri Lanka • Fissurina tuckermaniana – Florida • Fissurina undulata • Fissurina varieseptata – Florida • Fissurina verrucosa – India • Fissurina virensica • Fissurina vorax • Fissurina zahlbruckneriana ==References==