Europe Belarus •
Minsk, at the
Victory Square, lit in 1961. •
Baranovichi, at the memorial of the fallen during the Great Patriotic War, lit in 1964. •
Brest, near the ruins of the Engineering Administration, lit in 1972.
Belgium •
Brussels, at the foot of the
Congress Column, surmounting the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Bosnia and Herzegovina •
Sarajevo, the
Sarajevo eternal flame (Vječna vatra), in memory of the military and civilian victims of the Second World War.
Bulgaria •
Sofia, at the
Monument to the Unknown Soldier •
Pazardzhik, at the Flower of Eternal Flame
Croatia •
Zagreb, in front of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in memory of the police officers killed in the
Croatian War of Independence •
Sisak, in
Dr. Franjo Tuđman Park, in front of the city market and swimming pool, in memory of soldiers fallen in the
Croatian War of Independence. It is still active, but has been vandalised and put out several times throughout history.
France in
Paris • Paris, the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier under the archway at the
Arc de Triomphe, which has burned since 1923, and continuously since 1998, in memory of all who died in World War I. It was briefly extinguished during the 1998 World Cup by a drunk tourist. •
Arras, at the
Notre Dame de Lorette war memorial.
Germany •
Berlin, at the
Theodor-Heuss-Platz •
Munich, in the
Square of the Victims of National Socialism (
Platz der Opfer des Nationalsozialismus)
Hungary •
Budapest, in 2nd district
Imre Nagy Square the "Flame Of The Revolution", commemorating the revolutionaries of the
1956 uprising against control by the Soviet Union. •
Budapest, at the corner of Báthory Street and Hold Street burns
Batthyány's sanctuary lamp.
Ireland •
Dublin, at the junction of Amiens St and Memorial Road, the
Universal Links on Human Rights by
Amnesty International, honouring
prisoners of conscience. • Dublin, at Merrion Square Park, the
National Memorial to members of the Defence Forces burns to honour those who have lost their lives in the service of the Irish State. •
Kildare, a perpetual flame burns in the town square. It was formerly housed, since 1993, at Solas Bhríde, a sanctuary run by the Catholic Brigidine sisters. The modern flame rekindles the original one burned by the sisters of
Saint Brigit in Kildare, which was extinguished during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. •
New Ross, at a new monument to Irish emigrants. On June 18, 2013, a torch from the eternal flame at the
John F. Kennedy grave at
Arlington National Cemetery was used to light this flame.
Italy •
Madonna del Ghisallo, near
Lake Como, for all cyclists who have died. • Rome, on the
Altare della Patria, for the
Unknown Soldier.
Latvia •
Riga, at
Brothers' Cemetery or Cemetery of the Brethren (
Brāļu Kapi), a military cemetery and national monument memorializing thousands of Latvian soldiers who were killed between 1915 and 1920 in World War I and the Latvian War of Independence. The memorial was built between 1924 and 1936, and designed by sculptor Kārlis Zāle.
Lithuania •
Kaunas, at the Tomb of Unknown Soldier, in the Square of Unity in front of the
Vytautas the Great War Museum.
Luxembourg •
Luxembourg City, near the
Place du Saint-Esprit, in memory of all Luxembourgers fallen in World War II.
Malta •
Floriana, inaugurated in 2012. Two eternal flames are placed beside the
War Memorial, dedicated to all the Maltese dead of World War I and World War II.
Moldova •
Chișinău, a flame dedicated to Chișinău's unknown soldiers who died in World War II at the
Eternity Memorial Complex.
Netherlands •
Amsterdam, at the
Hollandsche Schouwburg, in memorial of the Dutch Jewish people who were killed in World War II •
Maastricht, at the Market Square, a statue of
Jan Pieter Minckeleers, a Dutch scientist and inventor who discovered illuminating gas (coal gas) and was the inventor of
gas lighting. •
The Hague, at the
Peace Palace, dedicated to the idea of international peace •
Oosterbeek, at the
Airborne Museum Hartenstein, in memorial to those who died in the
Battle of Arnhem during
Operation Market Garden Norway •
Oslo, inaugurated on June 9, 2001 at The Pier of Honour,
Port of Oslo by
Sri Chinmoy and installed permanently at the
Aker Brygge complex in 2002. By 2013 however, it was removed from
Aker Brygge and reinstalled at
Holmenkollen.
Poland •
Warsaw, at the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Portugal •
Batalha, at the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (inside the
Batalha Monastery), honoring the Portuguese dead in the
World War I, lit April 6, 1921 •
Lisbon, at the
Monument to the Overseas War Combatants, honoring the dead in the
Portuguese Overseas War, lit January 15, 1994
Russia • Moscow, at the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the
Alexander Garden to honor the dead of the
Great Patriotic War. A second one at
Victory Park, also built to honor the dead. •
Saint Petersburg has two main sites with eternal flames. The first is at the
Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution, on the
Field of Mars, in memory of those who died during the
Bolshevik Revolution. The second is at
Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery in memory of those who perished in World War II during the
Siege of Leningrad. At
Victory Square, several flames can be seen at the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, in commemoration of the victims and survivors of the Siege of Leningrad. •
Volgograd has two eternal flames. The first is located at
Mamayev Kurgan in the Hall of the Warrior Glory in tribute to all those who died
defending the city from 1942 to 1943. The second is located at the
Square of the Fallen Fighters on the monument of those who died defending in the
Civil and
Great Patriotic War •
Kursk has two eternal flames. One is located at the war memorial and the other close to the Triumphal Arch. •
Saratov has two eternal flames: in the Theatre Square and in the
Victory Park. •
Tambov •
Novokuznetsk has an eternal flame at the Heroes Boulevard. •
Tolyatti, at the
Obelisk of Glory, lit in 1978. •
Samara, at the Obelisk of Glory. •
Tver has an
obelisk and an eternal flame nearby, located on Ploschad Pobedy near the confluence of the rivers
T'maka and
Volga, to honor the Soviet soldiers who fought against
Nazi Germany in the
Great Patriotic War (
:ru:Великая Отечественная война). •
Yekaterinburg, on Kommunarov Square, where dead soldiers were buried in a common grave in 1919. An eternal flame was lit at the site in 1959. •
Omsk, an eternal fire was lit in 1967 on Memorial Square, in honour of fallen soldiers in
World War II. •
Severodvinsk •
Ufa has two eternal flames. The first was lit in 1967, honouring soldiers, who fell fighting for the
Soviet Union. The second was lit in 1980 in Victory Park, honouring
Alexander Matrosov and Minnigali Gubaidullin. •
Salavat, opened in 1981. Honors Salavat citizens, who died during the Great Patriotic War. •
Arkhangelsk, in honor of fallen Northerners in 1941–1945 •
Sterlitamak •
Biysk •
Bryansk • Kovrov •
Kolchugino, located on Lenin Square •
Kaspyisk •
Mahachkala •
Kaliningrad •
Petrozavodsk •
Penza has two eternal flames. One at Victory Square, and one next to the palace of nautical sport. •
Anapa •
Sochi •
Novy Urengoy •
Sergiyev Posad •
Vologda •
Tula •
Oryol, an eternal flame was lit in 1967 on Tankman's Square. •
Inozemtsevo •
Murmansk Serbia •
Belgrade, the
Eternal Flame in the
Park of Friendship in
Ušće, in memory of the military and civilian victims of the
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
Spain •
Barcelona, Catalonia, at the
Fossar de les Moreres (adjacent to the Basílica de
Santa Maria del Mar), honouring the Catalans buried there, who died defending Barcelona from those loyal to Philip V on the
siege of 1714. The torch with the eternal flame was inaugurated in 2001. •
Madrid, at the
Plaza de la Lealtad. The
Monumento a los Caídos por España honours all those who have died fighting for Spain. It was Originally built in 1840 to honour those who fought against Napoleonic forces during the
Peninsular War (1808-1814) but had Additions made in 1985 and the eternal flame was introduced alongside the monument. Following the
COVID-19 pandemic, the
Mayor of Madrid inaugurated on 15 May another eternal flame at
Plaza de Cibeles, in memory of those who died during the pandemic.
Switzerland •
Näfels, at the
St. Hilarius Parish Church, in atonement for a 14th-century murder.
Transnistria •
Tiraspol, a flame dedicated to losses of the
War of Transnistria.
Ukraine •
Kyiv, in the Glory Park at the Glory Obelisk and the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, honoring the dead of
World War II. •
Chernihiv, in the Glory Memorial in
Boldyni Hills. •
Vinnytsia, the Glory memorial. •
Odesa, a monument to the unknown sailor.
United Kingdom •
London, at the
New Scotland Yard. The flame commemorates, as the inscription notes, "those who have lost their lives in the service of the
Metropolitan Police". •
Liverpool, at the
Anfield stadium, in memorial to those who died in the
Hillsborough disaster. • The 'Peace flame' in
Derry, at the '
Peace Garden', to symbolise the renewed hope and peace created in the city in the post-
Troubles era. Opened in 2013 by Martin Luther King III. The flame was extinguished during 2017-2018 by a group of vandals. The flame has since been re-lit.
North America Canada • The
Flame of Hope in
London, Ontario, at 442 Adelaide Street, where
Frederick Banting did theoretical work leading to the discovery of human insulin. It will remain lit until diabetes is cured. It was lit by
Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1989. • The
Centennial Flame in Ottawa,
Ontario, first lit in 1967, is in the spirit of an eternal flame; however, it is annually extinguished for cleaning and then relit. It commemorates the
first hundred years of
Canadian Confederation. • The Centennial Flame on the grounds of the
Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton, Alberta commemorates the same milestone as its counterpart in Ottawa. The flame burns from a metallic cauldron and is located south along the walkway from the south entrance of the Legislature between the south side of Legislature Building Road NW and Fortway Drive NW. Another eternal flame is located on the grounds of the Legislature honours those fallen in the line of duty working for the province. • The Eternal Flame in the
Peace Garden in
Nathan Phillips Square in front of
Toronto City Hall. It was lit by
Pope John Paul II in September 1984 and symbolizes the hope and regeneration of humanity. • The 2004 Olympic flame remains burning in a memorial park in the Greek town area of Toronto.
United States • Alabama:
Huntsville in honor of those who made great sacrifices to serve their country. • California:
Koyasan Buddhist Temple in Los Angeles, where the Peace Flame directly taken from the torch at the
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Japan is kept. The flame was brought to Los Angeles in 1989 by Mayor
Tom Bradley and has been maintained by the resident priests ever since.
University of California, Santa Barbara, houses an eternal flame on its campus in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Auburn, on the corner of Fulweiler St. and Nevada St. depicts a soldier carrying a fallen comrade. The statue is named "Why".
Redlands, in Jennie Davis Park (corner of Redlands Blvd. and New York St.), at the Veterans' Memorial.
La Mirada, in front of City Hall to honor the residents who have given their life for their country.
Pico Rivera, in front of the civic center, to honor Pico Rivera veterans who died in the line of duty. • Connecticut:
New Britain, at the
National Iwo Jima Memorial to honor the memory of US servicemen who gave their lives at Iwo Jima. • Florida:
Jacksonville, at the
Veterans Memorial Wall there is an eternal flame to honor those who served.
Miami, at
Bayfront Park on
Biscayne Boulevard, is the
Torch of Friendship for
John F. Kennedy • Georgia:
Decatur, at the square downtown, for the
Korean War, World War II, and the
Vietnam War;
Macon, at the City Hall building, to honor Macon-born war veterans;
Monroe, at the Monroe Historic Courthouse, to honor Walton County veterans;
Savannah at the Chatham County Courthouse dedicated to the "Glory of God" and honors veterans, specifically Captain Willie O. Sasser, U.S. Air Force;
Atlanta, at the
King Center, for assassinated civil rights leader
Martin Luther King Jr. • Hawaii:
Honolulu, to honor victims of the
September 11 attacks. • Illinois:
Chicago, at Daley Plaza, to honor those who perished in World War II, ignited August 22, 1972, by Albina Nance, president of the Illinois Gold Star Mothers.
Highland Park, in the Freedom's Sacrifice veterans memorial located on the corner of St. John Ave and Central Avenue to remember the soldiers from Highland Park that gave their lives in the name of freedom.
Naperville, on the city's Riverwalk to honor victims of
September 11 attacks.
Loves Park, in Holdridge Park on North Second Street to honor all veterans. • Indiana:
Highland, the Highland-Wicker Park Veterans Memorial in Wicker Park on Indianapolis Boulevard and Ridge Road, erected to honor all veterans. • Louisiana:
Saint Martinville, at the Acadian Memorial, symbolizing the survival of exiled
Acadians as south Louisiana
Cajuns. • Maryland:
Emmitsburg, at the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial, on the grounds of the
National Fire Academy • Massachusetts:
Springfield, at
Forest Park, John F. Kennedy Memorial Flame to honor the memory of President Kennedy. The flame was lit November 22, 1964 on the first anniversary of his death. • Michigan:
Farmington Hills, at the
Holocaust Memorial Center in honor of those who perished during the Holocaust.
Flint, in Downtown Flint, across from the Durant Hotel, to honor
John F. Kennedy.
Grand Haven, at the Veterans memorial plaza to honor American veterans of all wars. • Mississippi:
Mississippi State University, the eternal flame of education • Missouri: Downtown,
Saint Louis, to commemorate the founding of the
American Legion in 1919 by
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. • Nevada:
Las Vegas, at the
Allegiant Stadium and
Las Vegas Raiders headquarters in
Henderson to honor the late
Oakland Raiders owner
Al Davis. • New Mexico:
Santa Fe, on South Capitol Plaza next to the
Bataan Memorial Building, honoring the men of the 200th Coast Artillery of the National Guard who died on the
Bataan Death March • New York: New York City, at
Ground Zero, lit by
Mayor Michael Bloomberg on the first anniversary of the
September 11 attacks upon the financial district of the city;
St. Clare's Church, honoring 29 parishioners who died during the
September 11 attacks.
Lewiston Veteran's Circle of Honor Memorial, that reads, "America's flame burns brightly, fueled by the courage and sacrifice of those who have defended our freedoms." • North Dakota:
Grand Forks, at the
University of North Dakota, Old Main Memorial Sphere erected on the site where the university's first building once stood. • Ohio:
Cincinnati at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Represents the candles that were placed in the windows of Underground Railroad Supporters.
Canton, Garden Center, incorporated into the city's memorial to the memory of President John F. Kennedy, dedicated in 1966.
Steubenville, at the Tomb of the Unborn Child, the gravesite of seven aborted
fetuses, on the campus of the
Franciscan University of Steubenville.
Columbus, at
Battelle Riverfront Park, to honor fallen members of the Columbus Fire Department.
Clinton, at Ohio Veterans Memorial Park. The monument is made up of a large sitting area that is surrounded by benches, a four tier waterfall, a fifty foot wide pond, a black granite POW/MIA monument, an inverted Vietnam War helmet with the eternal flame and a cast steel POW/MIA seal.
Mount Vernon, on the campus of
Mount Vernon Nazarene University to honor the commitment to learning and the expansion of knowledge; Eastlake, eternal flame located at the boulevard of 500 flags in honor of all those who lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks. Sits beside a piece of steel beam from the World Trade Towers. • Oklahoma:
Oral Roberts University,
Tulsa, atop the
Prayer Tower, which represents the
baptism of the
Holy Spirit. • Pennsylvania:
Gettysburg Battlefield, in memory of the dead of the
American Civil War, first lit by President
Franklin Roosevelt in 1938;
Shanksville, to honor the crew and passengers aboard
United Airlines Flight 93 on
September 11 attacks in their efforts to thwart the hijacking; Washington Square,
Philadelphia, site of the city's
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution and above the mass grave of thousands of Revolutionary War soldiers, however the flame has been extinguished at times for years due to poor maintenance. • South Carolina:
Bowman, lit in 1987 in honor and memory of the community's residents who died in World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. • Tennessee: The Cherokee maintained a fire at their seat of government, and carried coals to the
Oklahoma Territory. Coals from that fire were used to relight the eternal flame at
Red Clay State Park, the last seat of the independent
Cherokee Nation.
Chile • The
Llama de la Libertad, which commemorated the
1973 Chilean coup d'état. It was extinguished in 2004 due to budget cuts. • In
Punta Arenas, to commemorate the heroes of the
Battle of La Concepción. It was extinguished in 2013 due to natural gas shortages.
Colombia • In the
Battle of Boyacá Memorial in
Boyacá.
Venezuela • In the
Battle of Carabobo Memorial in
Carabobo.
Australia and New Zealand • In the
ANZAC War Memorial, Hyde Park in Sydney. • In the
Shrine of Remembrance in
Melbourne. • In the
Shrine of Remembrance in
ANZAC Square in
Brisbane,
Queensland. • At the
Australian War Memorial,
Canberra,
Australian Capital Territory. • At the state War Memorial in
Kings Park, Western Australia. • In the
Carillon War Memorial located at
Bathurst, New South Wales. • At the
Anzac Memorial, ANZAC Park,
Townsville. • At the Napier War Memorial Centre in
Napier, New Zealand.
Asia Armenia •
Yerevan, in the center of the
Armenian Genocide Memorial. Memorializing the loss of at least 1.5 million Armenians during the
Armenian genocide in 1915.
Azerbaijan •
Baku, at the
Martyrs' Lane in memory of the military and civilian victims of the
Black January. •
Ateshgah of Baku.
Bangladesh •
Dhaka, at the
Suhrawardy Udyan the
Shikha Chironton (Eternal Flame) located besides
Swadhinata Stambha commentating the martyrs of the
Bangladesh Liberation War and the precise location of the signing of the
Instrument of Surrender. •
Chittagong, at
Chandranath Temple.
China •
China Millennium Monument, symbolizing the continuity of human experience in China since times immemorial.
Georgia •
Tbilisi, at the roundabout and underpass of Hero's Square.
India •
Raj Ghat,
New Delhi,
Delhi, in memory of
Mahatma Gandhi at the site of his cremation. The date that the flame was first lit is unknown. •
Amar Jawan Jyoti, New Delhi, at the
India Gate, first lit in 1971 to honor 90,000 soldiers who died in
World War I and later conflicts. On 21 January 2022, the eternal flame was merged with an eternal flame at the
National War Memorial. •
Kargil War Memorial,
Dras,
Ladakh, the eternal flame was lit to commemorate the Indian victory in the 1999
Kargil War and to pay homage to martyrs. •
Port Blair,
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, to remember the victims of the
2004 Asian tsunami, unveiled in 2005. • Dwarka Mai Mosque,
Shirdi,
Maharashtra, lit by
Sai Baba of Shirdi in the late 1800s. • Some ancient temples in
India are known to have eternal flames which have burnt for centuries. Most established temples (such as
Venkateswara Temple,
Mantralayam,
Jawalamukhi,
Jwala Ji etc.) have eternal flames.
Indonesia " as seen at night on
Kawah Ijen, in Indonesia • Api Abadi Mrapen (Mrapen Eternal Fire), Grobogan,
Central Java. It was used as a torch flame source for the 1st
GANEFO. It died out on the 25th of September 2020, possibly as a result of nearby mining activity. • Api Abadi Sungai Siring (Siring River Eternal Fire),
Samarinda,
East Borneo. •
Api Biru (Blue Fire),
Ijen,
Banyuwangi,
East Java. This phenomenon comes from the ignition of sulfur continuously erupting to the surface. Its
electric-blue flames are visible only at night. • Api Abadi Kayangan Api (Kayangan Api Eternal Fire),
Bojonegoro, East Java. This site has had an eternal flame since the era of the
Majapahit. • Api Abadi Bekucuk (Bekucuk Eternal Fire), East Java. • Api Tak Kunjung Padam,
Pamekasan Regency,
Madura. • Tugu Api Semangat Indonesia Tidak Pernah Padam (Monument of the Undying Spirit of Indonesia), at Jenderal Soedirman Building,
Ministry of Defense (Indonesia),
Central Jakarta,
Jakarta.
Iran •
Yazd Atash Behram,
Yazd, a
Zoroastrian fire temple.
Israel •
Tel Aviv, at
Rabin Square, for assassinated Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin • In
Jerusalem at
Yad Vashem, the national
Holocaust-Memorial of Israel • Near
Jerusalem at
Yad Kennedy, Israel's memorial to U.S. President
John F. Kennedy.
Japan • At the Buddhist temple
Daishō-in, at
Mount Misen,
Itsukushima, where the flame is said to have been burning since AD 806, for more than 1,200 years •
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, The remaining fire from the atomic bomb explosion that was dropped by the US. remains burning since 1945. It is now a
symbol of peace and to remain lit until all
nuclear weapons in the world are abolished.
Kazakhstan •
Almaty, the Monument to the Unknown Soldier in
Panfilov Park.
Kyrgyzstan •
Bishkek, the Victory (Pobedy) Monument on
Victory Square.
Nepal • Eternal Peace Flame
Lumbini, birthplace of
Gautama Buddha, since 1986.
Philippines bill. • Eternal Flame of Freedom in
Corregidor. • Eternal Flame on the grave of former president
Ferdinand Marcos in the
Libingan ng mga Bayani in
Taguig City.
South Korea • At the Peace Gate at
Olympic Park, Seoul, South Korea.
Turkmenistan •
Türkmenbaşy, the Victory Monument.
Africa Kenya •
Nairobi,
Kenya: The Eternal Flame of Uhuru Gardens.
Ghana •
Accra,
Ghana: The Eternal Flame of African Liberation.
Zimbabwe •
Harare,
Zimbabwe: An eternal flame burns atop the
Kopje to commemorate
independence.
South Africa •
Pretoria, South Africa: An eternal flame burns in the
Voortrekker Monument, since 1938. •
Johannesburg, South Africa: The flame of democracy burns on
Constitution Hill, since 2011. •
Cape Town, South Africa: The Flame of Remembrance for the fallen soldiers and heroes of the struggle burns at the
Parliament.
Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago •
Port of Spain: At
The Red House, in memory of the lives lost in the 1990 attempted coup.
Cuba •
Havana:
Memorial to the Soviet Internationalist Soldier. •
Havana:
Museum of the Revolution in the
Granma complex. •
Santa Clara: Inside the
Che Guevara Mausoleum. •
Santa Clara: In the cemetery beside the
Che Guevara Mausoleum complex. ==Naturally fueled flames==