Economy Broadly outlined in late October 2020, the new plan aims at China becoming a "moderately developed" economy by 2035. It anticipates future growth as largely based on domestic consumption of goods and services, and aims to reduce disparities between urban and rural living standards. The plan includes the "peaceful development" of relations with Taiwan, which China considers to be its territory. The
Chinese Government also wishes to continue opening up the economy, furthering the implementation of the
Belt and Road Initiative. The
trade war between the United States and China caused Xi to roll out
dual circulation, with "internal circulation" and "external circulation" servicing domestic and foreign trade respectively. The strategy is designed to keep China open to the world economy while increasing its self-reliance.
Environment Economists expect the plan's target growth rate for the period to exceed five percent annually. The 2021–2025 plan is anticipated to have aggressive goals on sustainable energy to reach China's announced goals of
carbon neutrality by no later than 2060. • New Energy Technologies: Xi Jinping has announced that new energy technologies such as car batteries from state-owned enterprises will make it so that half of the vehicles in China be electric or fuel-cell powered, and half hybrid by 2035. • Develop a plan to achieve peak carbon emissions by the end of the 2020s. • Increase the proportion of non-fossil fuel energy use to 20% by 2025, compared to 15% at the end of 2019.
Energy The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan placed increased emphasis on the
green transition as essential to China's pursuit of high-quality and sustainable growth. Recommendations regarding the development of up to 60 gigawatts
hydropower capacity on the
Yarlung Tsangbo.
Transport • Improve civil aviation, including the construction of 30 new airports. • Completion of the
"Eight Vertical and Eight Horizontal" high-speed rail network. China aims to make "major breakthroughs in core technologies" brain science, semiconductors, seed industry, genetic research, regenerative medicine, biotechnology, clinical medicine and health, and deep space, deep sea and polar exploration. The plan prioritizes development towards an integrated communications system, including earth observation and navigation satellites. The plan set the goal of building four comprehensive national science centers, to be located in
Huairou,
Zhangjiang, the
Greater Bay Area, and
Hefei. China still is unable to independently develop advanced semiconductors that match the performance of those made in Taiwan or South Korea. Acknowledging the challenges that lay ahead, influential officials, entrepreneurs, and academics have evoked the "patriotic spirit of scientists" and called on Chinese students and entrepreneurs to "gnaw on the hard bones" to help China build an independent, controllable semiconductor supply chain. China has more than 7,200 licensed seed companies but few have the capability for innovation. Tang Renjian, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said the ministry is studying a plan to help its animal and plant breeding sector close the gap with foreign countries. About a trillion dollars of government funding have been set aside under the technology initiative, part of which will be used by central and local governments to jointly invest in a series of third-generation chip projects, according to people with knowledge of the matter. "For our country, technology and innovation is not just a matter of growth,"
Liu He told a three-story auditorium packed with China's top scientists in a separate meeting in May 2021. "It's also a matter of survival."
Urbanization The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan sets a target
urbanization rate of 65%, as measured by permanent population living in cities (i.e., as opposed to
hukou status). It states that holistic national security "calls for the integration of national security imperatives into every aspect of national development, so as to be better able to implement our national security strategy, safeguard national security, respond effectively to both traditional and non-traditional security threats, and forestall any challenges to China's modernization." It describes the strengthening of national security as requiring a holistic examination of "political security, which is of overarching importance, the security of the people, which is the ultimate concern, and economic security, which underpins all other considerations, to military, scientific and technological, cultural, and social perspectives, which reinforce efforts in other areas."
Key indicators Key indicators of economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period Note: ① The figures in brackets [ ] are cumulative figures for 5 years. ② Data marked with * is for 2019. ③ Comprehensive energy production capacity refers to the sum of production capacity for coal, oil, natural gas, and non-fossil energy. ④ The percentage of days with good or excellent air quality and the percentage of surface water reaching or exceeding Class III water quality in prefecture-level and above cities in 2020 were significantly higher than in normal years due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. ⑤ The 2.5% increase in overall labor productivity in 2020 is a projected figure. == External links ==