Pickard-Cambridge was born in
Bloxworth rectory,
Dorset, the fifth son of Rev. George Pickard, rector and squire of Bloxworth: the family changed its name to Pickard-Cambridge in 1848 after receiving the property left behind by a relative, Charles Owen Cambridge, of Whitminster House in
Gloucestershire. Octavius was tutored at home by the poet
William Barnes, after failing to receive admission to
Winchester College. He also learned to play the violin from Sidney Smith. He then studied law in London before
theology at the
University of Durham. He was very active and made many friends in this period. He served as steward at steeplechases and presided over the college choral society. In 1857 he presented the Pickard-Cambridge Challenge Cup to University College Boating Club,
University of Durham for a
skiff race; it was re-presented in 1895 for college second trial fours. He received a BA in 1858 and an MA in 1859. He was ordained Deacon at Scarisbrick in 1858. In 1859 he became a priest and resigned the next year to return to Bloxworth succeeding his father in 1868. He took part in debates on evolution and sided with
Charles Darwin's views. He corresponded with Darwin on various matters, and with
Alfred Russel Wallace, who quoted one of his letters on his 1889 book
Darwinism. Pickard-Cambridge was interested in natural history from an early age and his first publication was made in 1853 in
The Zoologist. His main interest was in
spiders, though he wrote also on
birds and
lepidoptera (
butterflies and
moths). This passion for
arachnids was probably fostered in 1854 in which year he both accompanied the
entomologist Frederick Bond on a visit to the
New Forest in
Hampshire and was introduced to the writings of the
arachnologist John Blackwall, with whom he struck up a correspondence, meeting for the first time in 1860. Pickard-Cambridge assisted Blackwall between 1861 and 1864 in the publication of Blackwell's great work,
British and Irish Spiders. In 1863-64, Pickard-Cambridge travelled through Europe to
Egypt along as a tutor for O. Bradshaw. It was on this trip that he met his future wife. He also collected birds in Egypt and began a communication with
Alfred Newton, introduced by Frederick Bond. He travelled again in 1865 with Bradshaw, this time meeting
Herrich-Schäffer in Regensburg and in
Nurenberg, he met
Ludwig Koch and spent several days examining the spider collections made by him and his father. Pickard-Cambridge published extensively on spiders between 1859 and his death in 1917, his major work being the volume on arachnids in the
Biologia Centrali-Americana between 1883 and 1902. Of his other works,
The Spiders of Dorset was perhaps his best-known, much of his other writing being in the form of papers in
The Zoologist, the journals of the Linnean Society and the Zoological Society, and in the
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club. He became a world authority on spiders, describing 932 new species including the Costa Rican redleg tarantula (
Megaphobema mesomelas) and the
Sydney funnel-web spider (
Atrax robustus). Pickard-Cambridge married Rose Wallace on 19 April 1866 after meeting her when she was travelling through Europe with an aunt and sister. He first saw her in Paris where Pickard-Cambridge was tutoring a pupil, though he did not speak to her there, and they were finally introduced in
Venice. They had had six sons. Among them were the classicist and composer
William Adair Pickard-Cambridge (1879–1957) and the
classicist Sir
Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge (1873–1952), one of the greatest authorities on the Greek theatre in the first half of the 20th century. Octavius' nephew,
Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860–1905), was also a noted arachnologist. == Works ==