Establishment during World War I Camp Devens, named after jurist and Civil War general
Charles Devens, was established on September 5, 1917, as a temporary
cantonment for training soldiers during
World War I. About of land was leased then later purchased from 112 owners who sold 230 parcels of land in the towns of
Ayer,
Harvard,
Lancaster and
Shirley by the federal government. Some was fine farmland along the Nashua River and other was "sprout" land where trees had been cut leaving stumps. The Fort's siting was due primarily to its location at a major hub of the rail network in New England. Construction, by the largest labor force assembled in the United States, to build an entire city for 10,000 requiring barracks, training buildings, water and sewer systems, raced at the rate of 10.4 new buildings every day. It was a reception center for war selectees and became a demobilization center after the war. As one of 16 temporary cantonments, Camp Devens processed and trained more than 100,000 soldiers. Three divisions (the
12th, the
26th and the
76th) were activated and trained at Devens during the war. In 1918, Camp Devens, was afflicted by the late 1918
deadly second wave of the 1918 flu pandemic. Approximately 850 soldiers, mostly privates, died at the camp during 1918 from the
Spanish flu.
Between World Wars In 1918, it became a separation center for over 150,000 troops upon their return from France. Put on inactive status, it served next as a summer training camp for National Guardsmen, Reservists and ROTC cadets. In 1920, following years of debate regarding preparedness for another global war, passage of the National Defense Act established an important role for the citizen army. In 1927, appropriations were made for permanent construction of buildings, but the stock market crash nearly called a halt. Congresswoman
Edith Nourse Rogers, of Lowell, recognized the economic significance of Camp Devens to this largely agricultural community. In 1929,
Robert Goddard briefly used the post for his rocket operations. In 1931, through Congresswoman Rogers' efforts, Camp Devens became Fort Devens, a permanent US Army post in 1931. However, during the
depression, construction was slow; most of the work was done by the
Works Progress Administration. A few years later,
Fort Devens Army Airfield was established.
World War II In 1940, at the onset of
World War II, Fort Devens was designated a reception center for all men in New England who would serve one year as draftees. A massive $25 million building project was begun, including more than 1200 wooden buildings and an airfield. The
1st,
32nd, and
45th Divisions trained at Devens during the war. Devens also housed a
prisoner-of-war camp for German and Italian prisoners from 1944 to 1946. It was designated as early as 1942 for detaining
enemy aliens of Italian, German and Japanese birth.
Post World War II The
7th Infantry Regiment,
3rd Infantry Division was located at Fort Devens from 1946 to 1950. Already at reduced strength, the regiment was further decimated when a battalion from Fort Devens was reflagged as the 3d Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, and sent to Korea to join the
1st Cavalry Division. The 7th Infantry deployed to San Francisco, California and sailed for Japan on 20 August 1950, arriving on 16 September 1950 to marry-up with the
15th Infantry Regiment and the division headquarters. Fort Devens hosted the
Army Security Agency Training Center & School (ASATC&S) from April 1951 to 1996. In the 1950s or 1960s the fort was home to the
56th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, part of 1st Region,
Army Air Defense Command. On 15 February 1958 the 2nd Infantry Brigade was reactivated at Fort Devens,
Massachusetts as the
Pentomic 2nd Infantry Brigade with its own
shoulder sleeve insignia. It spent the next five years training in northern
Massachusetts and
Cape Cod. The Brigade was prepared to support the Marines landing in the
1958 Lebanon crisis but did not deploy. • Headquarters & Headquarters Company • 1st Battle Group,
4th Infantry • 2nd Battle Group,
60th Infantry • 1st Battalion,
76th Artillery • Company F,
34th Armor • Company G, 34th Armor • Troop F,
5th Cavalry • Brigade Trains • Two engineer companies The 2nd Infantry Brigade was inactivated on 19 February 1963 at Fort Devens; in 1962 when it was reflagged as 2d Brigade,
5th Infantry Division. It was reactivated on 23 October 1963 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division and moved (with the rest of the Division) to
Fort Riley,
Kansas in January 1964. From 1968 to 1995, Fort Devens was the home of the
10th Special Forces Group. It also served as a training center for members of the Army Reserve and National Guard.
Units remaining near base closure Fort Devens was the home of the 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), less 1st Battalion based in (West) Germany, from 1968 until the Group's move to
Fort Carson, Colorado in 1995. It was also the home of the 39th Engineer Battalion (CBT) until the 39th was inactivated in 1992. The 39th Engineer (CBT) was reactivated in 2014 at
Fort Campbell,
Kentucky. The Army Security Agency Training Center & School (ASATC&S) was established at Devens in April 1951. In 1976 it became known as the U.S. Army Intelligence School, Devens, or USAISD, and was moved to
Fort Huachuca, Arizona in 1996. The 36th Medical Battalion including the 595th Medical Company and the 46th Combat Support Hospital, the 46th CSH was inactivated July 15, 1994. Finally, the 624th Military Police Company was stationed until the post closed. Headquarters, Army Readiness Region I and Readiness Group Devens were also located there in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The mission was to assist the training of reserve component units, state National Guard and Army Reserve units in New York and New England. Other subordinate Readiness Groups were located at Secena Army Depot and Fort Hamilton in NYC. Exact establishment dates and/or inactivation dates could not be found.
Closure, 1996 The
U.S. Army post which resided at Fort Devens was officially closed in 1996 after 79 years of service. The
Base Realignment and Closure process for land distribution for all parcels on the former Fort Devens allowed the
Federal Bureau of Prisons,
Shriver Job Corps,
Massachusetts National Guard, Massachusetts Veterans and
MassDevelopment to acquire the land. The bulk of the land was purchased by MassDevelopment for $17 million with the aim of turning Devens into a residential and business community. The Bureau of Prisons used its land for the
Federal Medical Center, Devens, a prison hospital. Since the closing of the military base, many of the existing buildings have been renovated or reconstructed; housing developments now exist, along with a growing business park, a new hotel, restaurants, several public and private schools, a disc golf course, and a
golf course. Veterans of the
Army Security Agency have also expressed interest in building a museum there as Fort Devens was their principal training facility for nearly 25 years.
More recent Devens became a
United States Army Reserve installation under the command the
Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) with an Army Reserve,
Massachusetts Army National Guard and
Marine Corps Reserve presence. In 2007 the headquarters of the 94th Regional Readiness Command, which was responsible for the command and control of Army Reserve units throughout New England, as well as providing Army Reserve support for
Federal Emergency Management Agency operations in the New England region, was disbanded under the consolidation of forces and buildings within the area came under the control of the 99th Regional Support Command, which is located at
Fort Dix, New Jersey, and whose Commanding General serves as the Senior Commander for Ft. Devens. The units with the original 94th Regional Readiness Command were realigned with similar commands along the East Coast. The base still remained an active training site for Reserve and National Guard Forces as well as regional law enforcement agencies. The Army announced in 2008 that it would build a new training center in the area. This was dedicated in 2011 as the
David S. Connolly Armed Forces Reserve Center. The three buildings total 280,000 square feet and are on 57 acres. It also supported 650 Army Reserve and Army National Guard Soldiers and Marines, and included space to store nearly 800 military vehicles. The total cost was $100 million. In January 2011 a group of Devens residents filed a citizens' petition for Devens to become a legally incorporated
town. Efforts to make Devens the state's 352nd town failed on the local level in 2006. As of 2018, Devens is "a regional enterprise zone and census-designated place in the towns of Ayer and Shirley, in Middlesex County and Harvard in Worcester County," (see
Fort Devens (CDP), Massachusetts). In March 2021,
Commonwealth Fusion Systems established a 47-acre commercial site within the former Fort Devens. This facility is to be used for development and manufacture of fusion power equipment and plants, none of which were yet in commercial use anywhere worldwide as of 2021. ==Units==