In film and television, the term "pinkface" is the use of straight actors to play LGBT roles or characters. Anna King of
Time Out likens "pinkface" to
blackface. Pinkface differs from
straightwashing, which is the erasure of gay characters and themes from stories in film and television. Parts of the gay community have expressed concerns about the use of straight actors to play gay characters, a practice that has also been nicknamed "gay for pay" in the acting industry. This occurs in films and shows such as
Call Me By Your Name (straight actors
Armie Hammer and
Timothée Chalamet),
Brokeback Mountain (
Heath Ledger and
Jake Gyllenhaal),
Modern Family (starring
Eric Stonestreet),
Brooklyn Nine-Nine (starring
Andre Braugher),
Will & Grace (starring
Eric McCormack),
Philadelphia (starring
Tom Hanks),
Capote (starring
Philip Seymour Hoffman) and
Milk (with
Sean Penn as gay rights activist-political leader
Harvey Milk). Controversy has arisen from this practice due to nominations and wins of awards from these roles, particularly for gay men. For example, since Hanks' win for
Philadelphia in 1993, only two openly gay actors have been nominated for either
Best Actor or
Best Supporting Actor at the
Academy Awards:
Nigel Hawthorne in 1994, and
Ian McKellen in 1998 and 2001. Neither man won, nor has an openly gay man been nominated since. Meanwhile, sixteen straight actors have been nominated for gay roles, with five winning. The same has also applied to television, where
Jim Parsons remains the only openly gay actor to be nominated for or win an Emmy Award in the
lead acting categories; meanwhile, the heterosexual Eric McCormack was nominated and won for his portrayal of Will Truman on
Will & Grace, which remains the only nomination for a gay male character in these categories. The LGBT community has also raised concerns about when actors in pinkface have used negative or harmful stereotypes in their portrayals of gay characters. Dennis Lim states that the depictions of gays in mainstream film typically include the "gay joke", in which LGBT people are depicted to create humor by depicting gay men pejoratively as a "daisy, a fairy, a nonce, a pansy, a swish," or showing lesbian woman as "butch." Other films have capitalized on creating a
homosexual panic that plays on heterosexual people's fears of experiencing sexual advances from LGBT people. In a 2018 op-ed for
The Guardian, gay writer Gary Nunn addressed the issue stating that while he understands wanting to "redress the balance" of gay actors "told by Hollywood to stay in the closet if they ever want to play a straight role" and straight white men having more power and influence and access to better jobs than other people, "to demand that only gay actors play gay roles is not the way to correct an inequality." He believes that "in a world where gay actors are still denied straight roles, it'll just lead to typecasting of gay actors - the very thing they're wanting to escape. Gay actors want a diversity of roles just like straight actors do." In 2021, actress
Kate Winslet stated that she knew of at least four actors who remained closeted due to homophobia within the entertainment industry, stating "It's painful. Because they fear being found out. And that's what they say. 'I don't want to be found out.'... You would not believe how widespread it is." Pinkface in television advertising has also been compared to blackface; similar to the way 19th-century blackface performances created and affirmed a hierarchical system that presented certain identities as "preferred and privileged", with pinkface ads, LGBT people are portrayed to create "humorous stigmatization" which is "insidious," as "like blackface, pinkface advertisements create a culture that posits the identities of GLBT persons [to a mainly non-GLBT audience] as inferior, inappropriate and ludicrous." In the 2007 Snickers chocolate bar ad "Chest hair," two men eat the same chocolate bar and then accidentally end up kissing when they eat the entire bar, causing them to scream and rip out their chest hair, which implies that if two men kiss, they must prove their masculinity with pain-causing "hypermasculine behavior," which implies it is "preferable to physically harm one's self than to be identified as gay." ==Popular culture==