Air Greenland

Establishment and early years helicopter, acquired in 1965, was one of the earliest aircraft in Air Greenland's fleet. The airline was established on 7 November 1960 as Grønlandsfly A/S, by the Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) and Kryolitselskabet Øresund, a Danish mining company involved with the cryolite operations at Ivittuut to provide transport and logistics for four American radar bases in Greenland. In 1962, interests in the firm were acquired by the Provincial Council (now the Greenland Home Rule Government) and the Royal Greenland Trade Department (now KNI). The first flights serving the American bases in Greenland operated lightweight DHC-3 Otters and Sikorsky S-55 helicopters chartered from Canada. but principally focused on expanding its helicopter fleet, purchasing five more S-61s. By 1972, it opened up service to east Greenland with a helicopter based in Tasiilaq, and established Greenlandair Charter. Mining at Maamorilik in the Uummannaq Fjord required still more helicopters, and the airline purchased Bell 206s for the route. Grønlandsfly also picked up a Danish government contract to fly reconnaissance missions regarding the sea ice around Greenland. Kulusuk was also repurposed from its prior military use. These early airports were built without de-icing equipment, a situation that has proven problematic during Greenland's winters and continues to cause delays and losses for the airline. The decade also saw the company train and hire its first native Kalaallit pilots. The first was delivered on 29 September 1979, followed by more over the next decade. These planes served every airport except Nerlerit Inaat near Ittoqqortoormiit, until 2010. Service to Nerlerit Inaat has been handled by Icelandair and Norlandair under contract with Greenland Home Rule. Also in 1981, Grønlandsfly opened its first route to Iceland, linking Reykjavík Airport to its main hub at Kangerlussuaq via Kulusuk. In 1986, a route to Keflavík allowed the company to break SAS's monopoly on flights between Greenland and Denmark via a Keflavík-Copenhagen leg operated by Icelandair. STOLports were constructed in Sisimiut, Maniitsoq and Aasiaat in mid-western Greenland. Qaarsut and Upernavik were also built in northwestern Greenland. With the purchase of a fifth Dash 7, Grønlandsfly was for the first time since its inception able to provide plane services to all major towns in Greenland. Grønlandsfly also purchased its first jet aircraft, a Boeing 757-200 that began operation in May 1998. The airliner was named Kunuunnguaq in honour of the Greenlandic explorer and ethnologist Knud Rasmussen, whose bust decorates in the terminal of Kangerlussuaq hub. Under his replacement Finn Øelund, Grønlandsfly initially posted a DKK 30 million loss as contractual obligations maintained unprofitable service while a strike ruined the summer tourist season and Post Greenland moved a lucrative mail contract to the Danish-owned Air Alpha Greenland. In response, the company successfully pushed back against Greenland Home Rule's large demands, high fees and low subsidies In 2003, Finn Øelund left to head Maersk Air and was replaced as CEO by Flemming Knudson. before dropping it again in January 2009.) Owing to SAS's withdrawal from the market, Air Greenland received its contract with the U.S. Air Force for passenger service to and from Thule Air Base. Running from February 2004, the contract was renewed for another five-year period in 2008 despite SAS's brief return to the market. The first takeover of another airline took place on 28 July 2006, when Air Greenland acquired Air Alpha Greenland, a subsidiary of Danish carrier Air Alpha. Air Alpha Greenland had operated helicopter flights in Disko Bay and in eastern Greenland. Since the takeover, the acquired Bell 222 helicopters have been used for passenger transfers between Nerlerit Inaat Airport and Ittoqqortoormiit Heliport. aircraft were the domestic backbone of the airline until the 2010s. In 2007, Flemming Knudson was moved to head the Royal Greenland fishing concern and current CEO Michael Binzer was hired with a mandate to lead the company towards greater commercialisation and self-sufficiency under the Qarsoq 2012 ("Arrow 2012") plan. a move later incorporated into its restructuring programme, but as of 2012 it has not found any buyers. On 1 October, the airline introduced its e-ticket system. Also in 2007, Air Greenland began direct service with Baltimore/Washington International Airport in the United States, using a leased Boeing 757 from ATA Airlines. After sixty American visitors were stranded by a strike of Air Greenland employees and the company refused to make alternate arrangements for their return, ticket sales slumped and the route was closed in March 2008. Since 2010 In the 2010s, Air Greenland curtailed some services. On 1 January 2010, Air Greenland suspended its participation in SAS's EuroBonus frequent-flyer program due to technical difficulties. In 2011, nonstop service from Narsarsuaq to Copenhagen was suspended. and now controls about 15% the market in Greenland-bound travel, with zinc and iron ore reserves projected to last 50 years. As in the 1970s, the mine's supply flights to the mine would have been operated by Air Greenland, using Bell helicopters (212s) based out of the Uummannaq Heliport. In July 2015, Air Greenland became a member of the European Regions Airline Association. Prior to 2016, Air Greenland held a 50% stake in the Arctic Umiaq Line, an unprofitable but government-subsidised ferry service, with the other 50% controlled by Royal Arctic Line. In 2016 Air Greenland sold its stake in the company to Royal Arctic Line, and since July 1, 2016 the Arctic Umiaq Line has operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Arctic Line. Similar to most airlines, Air Greenland experienced a decline in weekly flights during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the decline was less than most airlines due to Greenland's remoteness and vast distance between the communities. Fleet changes Air Greenland sold its Boeing 757-200 in 2010, leaving it with a single Airbus A330 for its transatlantic fleet, which consolidated transatlantic service to Kangerlussuaq, leaving Narsarsuaq with reduced service. Also in 2010, the airline acquired its first De Havilland Canada Dash 8-200 aircraft, beginning its transition from its Dash 7 fleet. By 2015, the last Dash 7 aircraft had been phased out, completing the transition of its domestic fixed-wing fleet to Dash 8-200 aircraft. In December 2022, Air Greenland took delivery of its new Airbus A330-800, named Tuukkaq. Subsequently, their older A330-200 was scrapped. Route to Canada In 2012, Air Greenland reopened the connection to Iqaluit, now the capital of Nunavut. From 2012 to 2013, the airline saw a shy increase of 4 passengers flying to Nunavut over the previous year. However, this route ceased in 2015 due to lack of commercial viability. In June 2024, Air Greenland relaunched the route with a weekly summer seasonal direct flight between Iqaluit and Nuuk. The route is interlined with Canadian North and timed to connect passengers arriving on Canadian North flights from Kuujjuaq, Montreal and Ottawa. Other new routes Air Greenland also performed charter flights within Europe on behalf of European travel agencies using its Airbus A330. The A330 was used from Pituffik Space Base and Kangerlussuaq to Copenhagen Kastrup. In March 2017, Air Greenland also announced adding more flights to Kangerlussuaq. Air Greenland opened up new routes from Kangerlussuaq to Billund and Aalborg in 2023, with leased Boeing 737 aircraft from Jettime, a Danish charter airline. A Narsarsuaq to Billund route was also introduced. Subsequently, Air Greenland transitioned their international and domestic hub to Nuuk Airport, with their flagship A330-800 now operating between Nuuk and Copenhagen becoming the first long-haul aircraft to touch down at the newly expanded runway. Kangerlussuaq Airport will remain a domestic airport and will be served by seasonal flights to Copenhagen as a stopover using leased aircraft. Routes from Kangerlussuaq to Aasiaat and Maniitsoq will be discontinued from November 2024 after the transition. From summer 2025, Seasonal routes with leased aircraft from Jettime to Aalborg and Billund will also be relocated to Nuuk Airport. The route from Nuuk to Billund Airport will also stopover at Keflavík International Airport, expanding Air Greenland's capacity to Iceland. Air Greenland and Icelandair announced a codeshare agreement, starting in summer 2025, the first comprehensive codeshare agreement Air Greenland has entered into. ==Destinations==

Air Greenland's domestic airport network includes 12 civilian airports within Greenland. Outside Greenland, the airline currently operates year-round transatlantic flights to Keflavík International Airport in Iceland and Copenhagen Airport in Denmark. It also offers seasonal service to Billund and Aalborg in Denmark, as well as Iqaluit in Canada. Nuuk Airport is Air Greenland's domestic and international hub following a major reconstruction and runway expansion completed in 2024. Two other airports capable of serving large airliners – Kangerlussuaq Airport and Narsarsuaq Airport – were constructed as U.S. Air Force military bases during WW2 and continue to be used for transatlantic flights. All other regional airports are only STOL-capable and are served with smaller De Havilland Canada Dash 8-200 fixed-wing aircraft. Smaller communities are served via a network of 45 heliports: 8 of which are primary heliports that have tarmac landing areas, passenger terminals and permanent staff. The other heliports are helistops with either a gravel or grass landing area. Often helicopters need multiple flights for each connection to a fixed-wing flight because of passenger capacity, causing longer total travel time. The primary heliports usually connect to the wider domestic fixed-wing services. Primary heliports include Upernavik Airport/Heliport, serving northwest Greenland; Uummannaq served by Qaarsut Airport; Narsaq, Qaqortoq, and Nanortalik, which are connected by the larger Narsarsuaq Airport; and Tasiilaq, which is served by Kulusuk Airport. • Finnair (International) • Icelandair (International) • Scandinavian Airlines (Scandinavia/Europe/International) • Canadian North (Canada) A more comprehensive codeshare agreement with Icelandair will be introduced from summer 2025. Settlement flights Air Greenland operates helicopter flights to most settlements in Greenland ("settlement flights" with the destination network subsidized and coordinated by the Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure and Transport. ==Fleet==

aircraft serve the many domestic STOL airports in Greenland. in 2021 As of December 2024, the Air Greenland fleet includes the following active aircraft: Fixed-wing fleet The airline's flagship aircraft is their sole Airbus A330-800, delivered new in 2022. The De Havilland Canada DHC-8-200 is the airline's primary aircraft, operating on all domestic airport-to-airport routes. Most of Air Greenland's Dash 8 turboprops are based at Nuuk. Air Greenland also leases capacity from charter airline Jettime for seasonal routes. , Air Greenland operates the following fixed-wing aircraft: Helicopter fleet on top of Kinaussak Mountain The Airbus H155 is the primary helicopter used for flights to district villages. The Air Greenland helicopter fleet consists of the following aircraft (): Historical fleet The older Sikorsky S-61N helicopters were stationed in Ilulissat Airport and Qaqortoq Heliport. With a capacity to seat 25 passengers, the S-61 based in southern Greenland was used to shuttle passengers arriving from Copenhagen at Narsarsuaq Airport. The sale of the Boeing 757 in April 2010 contributed to the long-term decline of the airport, with the airline planning to remove the old helicopter from the fleet. The airline's Airbus A330-200 was scrapped in 2023, after delivery of its new A330-800. In the past, Air Greenland (Grønlandsfly) also used the following aircraft: • Aérospatiale Alouette III • Airbus A330-200 • Bell 212 • Bell 204 • Bell 206B Jet Ranger • Boeing 757-200 (leased from Icelandair) • Cessna 172 • Cessna 550 • de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter • de Havilland Canada Dash 7 • Douglas DC-3 • Douglas DC-4 • Douglas DC-6 • MD-500 • Consolidated PBY Catalina • Piper PA-18 Super Cub • Piper PA-31 • Sikorsky S-55 • Sikorsky S-58 • Sikorsky S-61 ==Management and structure==

On 29 May 2019 the Greenlandic Government acquired 37.5% of the shares in Air Greenland from the SAS Group and 25% of the company shares from the Danish Government, becoming the sole owner of the airline. The total price of the 62.5% share was DKK 462 mill. The government ownership is held by the Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure, and Transport, that oversees the development of the transport industry in Greenland and controls Mittarfeqarfiit, the airport authority in Greenland. The Air Greenland board of directors has a total of nine members, including three members representing airline employees. The current chairman is Kjeld Zacho Jørgensen (appointed 2018) and the deputy-chairman is Bodil Marie Damgaard (appointed 2016). The CEO of Air Greenland is Jakob Nitter Sørensen, appointed in January 2017. Headquartered in Nuuk, the airline had 668 employees in December 2009. Air Greenland owns 39% of the Icelandic airline Norlandair ehf. Charter The charter unit within Air Greenland is led by Hans Peter Hansen and employs 8 people, with 13 helicopters and 3 fixed-wing aircraft at its disposal. Excess capacity of airplanes is used for regular charters to tourist destinations in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The helicopters, primarily the AS350, are used for special flights, such as search and rescue, air ambulance, charter flights to the Thule Air Base on contract with the U.S. Air Force, geological exploration, and supply flights to the mining sites and the research stations on the Greenland ice sheet. • Greenland Travel A/S, a package-tour travel agency based in Copenhagen, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Greenland. • World of Greenland A/S, an outfitter company based in Ilulissat, is a partnership between Greenland Travel A/S and Ilulissat Travel A/S. ==Service==

Premium class A business class – named "Premium-Class" – is offered by Air Greenland on transatlantic flights aboard Tuukkaq, its Airbus A330-800. The service includes a larger seat, a hot meal, a personal video screen, an in-seat power source, an amenity kit and blankets. Passengers travelling in premium class are eligible to use the Novia Business Class Lounge at Copenhagen Airport. Economy class Air Greenland offers flexible and restricted economy class on all flights operated with fixed-wing aircraft, with complimentary snacks and drinks. On transatlantic flights to Copenhagen, both economy class and premium class seats are available, with in-flight meals served in all classes. Air Greenland publishes a quarterly Suluk (Kalaallisut: "Wing") in-flight magazine, with general information about current political and cultural events in Greenland and with news from the airline. On board their Airbus A330-800, economy class is configured in a 2-4-2 configuration, and from rows 43-47, it changes to 2-3-2. ==Accidents and incidents==

Heliport photographed only months before its fatal crash • On 29 August 1961, a DHC-3 Otter (registration CF-MEX) crashed from Kangerlussuaq. The aircraft was a non-scheduled service en route from Kangerlussuaq Airport to Aasiaat Airport when a fuel leak caused an in-flight fire. One of the pilots was killed, while the other pilot and the four passengers survived. • On 12 May 1962, a PBY Catalina flying boat (registration CF-IHA) crashed during landing at Nuuk Airport. The accident was caused by a mechanical malfunction in the nose wheel doors preventing them from closing during landing on water, resulting in the aircraft sinking. The accident killed 15 of the 21 people on board. • On 25 October 1973, the Akigssek ("Grouse"), an Air Greenland S-61N (registration OY-HAI), crashed about south of Nuuk, resulting in the loss of 15 lives. It was en route to Paamiut from Nuuk. The same helicopter had had an emergency landing on the Kangerlussuaq fjord 2 years earlier, due to a double flameout on both engines because of ice in its intake. • On 7 June 2008, a Eurocopter AS350 crashed on the runway at Nuuk Airport. There were no injuries, but the helicopter was damaged beyond repair. • On 29 January 2014, Air Greenland Flight 3205, an Air Greenland Dash 8-Q202 (registration OY-GRI), was involved in a runway excursion accident at Ilulissat Airport (BGJN), Greenland. Flight GL3205 originated in Kangerlussuaq Airport (BGSF), Greenland. Four passengers were taken to the hospital for observation, there were no fatalities or serious injuries. The aircraft went off the left side of the runway and down a dropoff and came to rest on rocky terrain approximately abeam the runway 25 threshold. There was strong crosswind conditions gusting at . The aircraft was not repaired, but was instead written off. ==See also==