The area was known as Po under the
Chu state during the
Warring States period. Under the
Qin, the area was organized as Poyang County () and placed under the administration of
Jiujiang. Po was entrusted to the
Yue leader
Wu Rui. During the
collapse of Qin, he allied first with
Xiang Yu and then with
Liu Bei, becoming successively the
king of
Hengshan and then
Changsha. Under the
Han, the area was known as Poyang and placed under the administration of
Yuzhang. It kept the same name but changed its first
character to the present one under the
Western Han. During Eastern Han, the
Yangtze River flowed farther north and Poyang constituted a wide and fertile lowland. Around , the Yangtze changed its course to the south and flooded the district which has ever since comprised
Poyang Lake. Many of its people fled as refugees into neighboring districts. In 1957, the name of the county was changed to Boyang County, but in December 2003 the original name was restored. On May 27, 2014, Poyang County was designated as
directly-controlled county by the provincial government as a part of a pilot program in Jiangxi Province. ==Administrative divisions==