Creation and development , art by
Bruce Timm. Harley Quinn was created by
Paul Dini and
Bruce Timm for the 1992
Batman: The Animated Series episode entitled "
Joker's Favor" while Dini was writing the episode. For the episode, Dini decided to put henchpeople for the title episode character as
comic relief to lighten the story, as Dini described as a dark story. Initially written as an animated equivalent of a
walk-on role, Harley Quinn was intended to appear in just one episode. Her popularity was unexpected, and the character became a surprise success. As Dini was putting together the story for the episode, he created Harley Quinn because it needed a character for the Joker to have pop out of a cake, and the idea of the Joker doing it seemed too strange, so Dini and the crew devised a female sidekick to be the surprise, but finally decided to put him inside the cake instead while keeping Harley in the episode. Then Dini wanted to introduce a
foil for the supervillain the Joker that would emphasize the Joker's comic book personality traits: funny, scary, and egotistical. and then decided she would be a "funny counterpart to the Joker to maybe work up a little
Punch and Judy attitude between them"; Dini described her voice for the character as having "a snappy blonde but also kind of a bad girl": "a little bit of Adelaide from
Guys and Dolls, a little bit of
Judy Holliday", and "a lot of Arleen", stating that it sounded "very close" to Sorkin's voice. Dini chose the name for the character to be in line with other Batman characters's names being
puns, and also because he thought "Harley was a fun name for a girl". Harley Quinn then became a
recurring character in the
DC Animated Universe, appearing in
The Animated Series sequel
The New Batman Adventures, the direct-to-video film
Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, and in non-Batman animation such as
Superman: The Animated Series,
Static Shock, and
Justice League. In February 1994, she made her first appearance in a video game in
The Adventures of Batman and Robin, an
action platformer based on
Batman: The Animated Series.
Transition to comic books , from the cover of Harley's canonical debut
Batman: Harley Quinn. Widely described as iconic, the artwork depicts Harley dancing with a tuxedo-clad Joker and was later recreated in the 2016 film
Suicide Squad. Because of her popularity, Harley Quinn was adapted into DC's comic books. In September 1993 (cover date), a year following Harley Quinn's first appearance in
Batman: The Animated Series, the character made her comic book debut in the 12th issue of
The Batman Adventures, a series set in the universe of
The Animated Series, and became a regular character. Widely considered the definitive Harley Quinn story,
Mad Love added dimensions to the character, with Dini introducing Harley Quinn's motivations as well as establishing her as a tragic and sympathetic figure. The story received wide praise and won the
Eisner and
Harvey awards for Best Single Issue in the same year and was later adapted into an episode of the same name in
The New Batman Adventures in 1999. which put her origin in the middle of the ''
Batman: No Man's Land'' story line. Dini changed Harley and the Joker's relationship to be darker to match the Joker's character in the comics; in the story, the Joker attempts to kill Harley at the first opportunity. Harley's immunity to toxins and enhanced strength and agility, which were gained from a special formula created by Poison Ivy, were carried over from
Batman: The Animated Series, with Dini stating that they would give her a sort of "physical edge" over Batman and other heroes. Kesel called Dodson and asked him if he was interested on working on the comic, to which Dodson agreed, and the two worked for a month on their proposal for the series, which was to make a comic about "love gone horribly, terribly wrong". The decision renewed interest in the character, but the sales remained lackluster and the series was cancelled in 2003. The series also expanded on Harley Quinn's background and early life; in
Gotham City Sirens #7, Dini established the character's hometown being
Brooklyn, based on her accent and also introduced her dysfunctional family, with her swindling father being described as the main reason for her pursuing
psychology. The first several issues of
Gotham City Sirens were written by Dini and illustrated by Guillem March. Other creatives who worked for the series include writers
Tony Bedard and Peter Calloway, and artists
David López, Andres Guinaldo, Peter Nguyen, Jeremy Haun, and Ramon Bachs. The character was heavily redesigned to fit the tone of the book, and was inspired by Harley's designs in the video games
Batman: Arkham Asylum and
Batman: Arkham City; Her personality had also been depicted to be more violent and psychopathic than her former iteration. Glass said: "Harley's always wanted to belong to something. And if not Joker, then the team – and she's finding herself in all this. She's finding her place in the world, that she's not just a sidekick".
New origin In the seventh issue of
Suicide Squad, Glass revised Harley Quinn's origin story, making it reflect the Joker's origins. In the story, the Joker takes Harleen Quinzel to the
chemical plant where he originated and pushes her into a vat of chemicals against her will, which bleaches her skin and drives her insane, resulting in her transformation to Harley Quinn. This origin was received negatively by fans, who felt that its removal of Harley Quinn's choice to become the Joker's accomplice willingly, as depicted in her previous origin stories, took out an essential part of her character. Considered to be the most defining writers to work on the character since Dini and Timm, Palmiotti and Conner reinvented Harley Quinn as an antihero who has left her controlling relationship with the Joker behind. In contrast to Harley Quinn's depiction in Glass'
Suicide Squad, Palmiotti and Conner wrote Harley Quinn with a lighthearted, cartoonish, and humorous tone. Her costume has also been changed with a
roller derby-inspired costume designed by Conner, which incorporates Conner's favorite aspects of Harley Quinn's early costume and her costume in Glass' run of
Suicide Squad. The rest of the series details Harley Quinn's adventures in Coney Island with her supporting cast. In
Harley Quinn #25, Palmiotti and Conner reunited Harley Quinn with the Joker; the story depicts Harley Quinn returning to Gotham City to confront the Joker and end their relationship. With Harley Quinn's longtime friend Poison Ivy being a recurring character in the series, Palmiotti and Conner built on their relationship and hinted at romantic feelings between the two characters; Poison Ivy is shown kissing Harley Quinn multiple times throughout the series, and a
sexual relationship between them was alluded to in issue #25.
Controversies The cover of the first issue of the New 52
Suicide Squad title drew controversy for its sexual depiction of Harley Quinn.
DC Rebirth DC's June 2016 relaunch of its entire monthly comics line,
DC Rebirth, the character apeared in both the one-shot issue
Suicide Squad: Rebirth #1 (October 2016), with a design that included design included pink and blue dyed hair tips and a jacket inspired by
Margot Robbie's portrayal of the character in the 2016 film
Suicide Squad, a change established in the last issues of her New 52 series. Harley Quinn returned as a regular character in the relaunched
Suicide Squad series, written by
Rob Williams. The series was canceled in January 2019. Harley Quinn's relaunched ongoing series is a direct continuation of the former, with Conner and Palmiotti still writing for the character, and Hardin and Timms illustrating the interior art. After having written 64 issues of Harley Quinn's ongoing series, Conner and Palmiotti's five-year run ended with the 34th issue of the series in December 2017, with writer
Frank Tieri and artist Inaki Miranda taking over the title. Tieri's run on the series ended with the series' 42nd issue, followed by a two-issue storyline written by Christopher Sebela and illustrated by
Mirka Andolfo. The series ended in August 2020.
Harley Loves Joker In 2017, Harley Quinn co-creator Paul Dini wrote a backup feature for Harley Quinn's Rebirth monthly series entitled
Harley Loves Joker, co-written by Palmiotti and illustrated by
Bret Blevins, which ran for 9 issues. The story brought back Harley Quinn's classic characterization and focuses on her past with the Joker. Unlike her characterization in
Batman: The Animated Series, Dini and Palmiotti wrote Harley Quinn in the story as less of a "doormat", with Harley Quinn and Joker being on equal footing in their relationship. The story concluded with the two-part
limited series of the same name, which also expanded on Harley Quinn's past as a former intern in animal research at
S.T.A.R. Labs, where she met her pet
hyenas Bud and Lou. In the second part of the story, Dini and Palmiotti explained Harley Quinn's change in costume, establishing the character's modern design as a reflection of her having left her relationship with the Joker.
Infinite Frontier design by Riley Rossmo, which combines his favorite aspects of Harley's classic jester getup and more recent designs. Harley Quinn also has a prominent role in the "
Fear State" crossover event. In January 2022, Phillips confirmed Harley would be resuming her previous career as a psychologist. == Characterization ==