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Heavy Traffic

Heavy Traffic is a 1973 American live-action/adult animated drama film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi. The film, which begins, ends, and occasionally combines with live-action, explores the often surreal fantasies of a young New York City cartoonist named Michael Corleone, using pinball imagery as a metaphor for inner-city life. Heavy Traffic was Bakshi and producer Steve Krantz's follow-up to the film Fritz the Cat. Though producer Krantz made varied attempts to produce an R-rated film, Heavy Traffic was given an X rating by the MPAA. The film received largely positive reviews and is widely considered to be Bakshi's biggest critical success.

Plot
The film begins in live-action, introducing Michael Corleone, a twenty-two year-old virgin who plays pinball in New York City while asking himself philosophical questions before envisioning an animated and dangerous New York neighborhood. Michael's Italian father, Angelo "Angie" Corleone, is a sleazy, struggling mafioso who frequently cheats on Michael's Jewish mother, Ida, with his mistress, Molly. Angie and Ida constantly bicker and try to kill each other at every opportunity. The unemployed Michael dabbles in cartoons and often wanders throughout the city to avoid family skirmishes and to artistically feed off the grubbiness of his environment. He regularly visits a local bar where he gets free drinks from his girlfriend and the black bartender, Carole, in exchange for sketches, which results in Shorty, Carole's violent, legless bouncer devotee, becoming jealous. One of the regular customers at the bar, the cross-dressing Snowflake, gets beaten up by a tough drunk in a hard hat named Bongo after he discovers that Snowflake is a man and not a woman like he first thought. Snowflake loves the beating due to his masochism, but the drunk causes property damage. Shorty throws Bongo out and then brutally kills him soon after, while the bar's manager Mario abusively confronts Carole, provoking her into quitting. Shorty offers to let Carole stay at his place, but not wanting to get involved with him, Carole tells Shorty that she's staying with Michael. Meanwhile, Angie manages a strike at a mob-controlled factory, but when he reveals his plan to replace the strikers with unemployed black workers, the Godfather abandons him in disapproval. Michael allows Carole to stay with him, but the Corleones' deteriorating domestic situation convinces Michael and Carole to move out of Michael's parents' house and try to earn enough money to move to California, in order to avoid Shorty, who's been stalking Carole ever since she quit the bar. Michael gets a chance to pitch a comic strip idea to an elderly executive lying on his death bed, who seems enthusiastic enough to listen to the idea, but the abnormally dark tone of Michael's story overwhelmes the mogul, resulting in him dying during the pitch. Meanwhile, Angie tries to use his Mafia connections to put a murder contract on Michael for "disgracing" the family by dating a black woman, but the Godfather refuses to do so because he feels he owes Angie nothing for his failures and because the hit he desires is "personal, not business". Angie realizes he is out of favor with the mob; drunk and depressed, he is seduced by Snowflake. However, Shorty eventually encounters Angie and agrees to fulfill the contract. Meanwhile, Carole tries working as a taxi dancer, until she is fired when one of her customers she dances has a heart attack at the sight of her underwear. Michael and Carole turn to crime as a means of getting by with Carole posing as a prostitute, flirting with a sleazy businessman and luring him into a hotel room where Michael beats him to death with a lead pipe so they can rob him. As the two walk out with the dead man's cash, Shorty arrives and shoots Michael in the head. In Michael's reality, following the conclusion of the animated story, he destroys a pinball machine in anger after it tilts (symbolizing the end of his fantasy) and walks out onto the street. He then bumps into the real Carole and follows her into a park, confronting her. The two are seen briefly arguing before they finally take each other's hands and begin happily dancing in the park. ==Cast==
Cast
• Joseph Kaufmann as Michael • Beverly Hope Atkinson as Carole • Frank de Kova as Angie • Terri Haven as Ida • Mary Dean Lauria as Molly • Charles Gordone as Moe "Crazy Moe" • Jim Bates as "Snowflake" • Jacqueline Mills as Rosalyn • Lillian Adams as Rosa • Peter Hobbs as Jerry • Candy Candido as Mafia Messenger ==Production==
Production
In 1969, Ralph's Spot was founded as a division of Bakshi Productions to produce commercials for Coca-Cola and Max, the 2000-Year-Old Mouse, a series of educational shorts paid for by Encyclopædia Britannica. However, Bakshi was uninterested in the kind of animation he was producing, and wanted to produce something personal. Bakshi soon developed Heavy Traffic, a tale of inner-city street life. Steve Krantz told Bakshi that studio executives would be unwilling to fund Heavy Traffic because of its content and Bakshi's lack of film experience. Bakshi pitched Heavy Traffic to Samuel Z. Arkoff, who took an interest in Bakshi's take on the "tortured underground cartoonist", and agreed to fund the film. While working on Heavy Traffic, Bakshi received a call from Krantz, who questioned him about Harlem Nights. Bakshi told Krantz: "I can't talk about that" and hung up. The next day, Krantz locked Bakshi out of the studio, reportedly tapping Bakshi's phone because he was wary of his loyalty as an employee. Joseph Kaufmann, who played Michael, was killed in a plane crash on September 4, 1973, less than a month after the film released. This would be his final film performance in his lifetime. Directing Inspiration for the film came from penny arcades, where Bakshi would often spend his time playing pinball, sometimes bringing his 12-year-old son Mark. Bakshi wanted to use pinball as a metaphor to examine the ways of the world. This sequence was deleted from Heavy Traffic, but the same action appeared in the film Down and Dirty Duck. Films re-usedRed Dust (1932)42nd Street (1933)''The Gang's All Here'' (1943) Music The film's score was composed by Ed Bogas and Ray Shanklin. The soundtrack was released by Fantasy Records and Ampex Tapes in 1973. The album was released on compact disc in 1996 as part of a compilation that featured on the same disc the soundtracks to both Fritz the Cat and Heavy Traffic. The film also featured songs by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil '66, The Isley Brothers, Dave Brubeck, and Chuck Berry. ==Reception==
Reception
Although Heavy Traffic received an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, more theaters were willing to screen adult-oriented animated features because of the success of Fritz the Cat, and thus Heavy Traffic was a box office success. Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three stars out of four, and wrote that 'by mixing live-action and animation, Bakshi generates a willingness in us to be moved in some 'aw, shucks' ways that are corny, but feel good'. The Hollywood Reporter called it "shocking, outrageous, offensive, sometimes incoherent, occasionally unintelligent; however, it is also an authentic work of movie art and Bakshi is certainly the most creative American animator since Disney". The film holds a score of 89% on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 18 reviews. Michael Barrier, an animation historian, described Heavy Traffic and Fritz the Cat as 'not merely provocative, but highly ambitious'. He described the films as an effort 'to push beyond what was done in the old cartoons, even while building on their strengths'. ==Home video==
Home video
Warner Home Video released the film on VHS and Betamax in the 1980s. In the UK, Heavy Traffic was released in 1984 with a runtime of 70 minutes. In Ireland, the film was renamed Flipper City, and released by Thorn EMI in 1985 with a runtime of 60 minutes. It was rated R on the VHS slipcover, but the label said that it was an X-rated film. An R-rated version was released on VHS and Region 1 DVD by MGM Home Entertainment in 1999. On July 16, 2013, Shout! Factory and MGM released Heavy Traffic on Blu-ray for its 40th anniversary. The film would be re-released on Blu-ray and DVD by Sandpiper Pictures on December 17, 2024. ==See also==
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