MarketStructure of the People's Armed Police
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Structure of the People's Armed Police

The structure of the People's Armed Police is complex, and has highly varied over time. While the majority of PAP units are involved in standard policing and gendarmerie duties, the PAP has also included at different times unique specialised units.

Headquarters organisation
The People's Armed Police Headquarters is the leading and commanding organ that directs and administers all the units and provides guidance to it. The PAP has a commander, a political commissar and several deputy commanders and deputy political commissars. The PAP also has departments responsible for logistical and political matters and several speciality departments. Following adjustment and reorganisation, the People's Armed Police is mainly composed of the territorial forces, the mobile forces, and the Coast Guard. The People's Armed Police Headquarters, placed at Theater Command Grade, include five Departments directly under the Headquarters: • Staff Department (Deputy Theater Command Grade); • Training Bureau (Division Leader Grade); • Intelligence Bureau (Division Leader Grade), led by Zhang Xiaoqi; • Political Work Department (Deputy Theater Command Grade): led by Director Lieutenant general Gao Wei; • Propaganda Bureau (Division Leader Grade); • Soldier and Civilian Personnel Bureau (Division Leader Grade); • Discipline Inspection Commission (Deputy Theater Command Grade); • Logistics Department (Corps Leader Grade); • Equipment Department (Corps Leader Grade). Being of Theatre Command Grade, the People's Armed Police is led by a full General. == Mobile corps ==
Mobile corps
Mobile corps (), often mistranslated as "Contingents" are large formations without fixed areas of responsibility. Two were created after the 2018 reforms; most of the subordinate units came from the 14 disbanded mobile divisions. Mobile corps are corps leader grade formations commanded by major generals. The 1st Mobile Corps consists of: • Nine mobile detachments (Panjin, Liaoning; Shenyang, Liaoning; Bayisingtu, Inner Mongolia; Tianjin; Dingzhou, Hebei; Baoding, Hebei; Jinzhong, Shanxi; Zhengzhou, Henan; Pingliang, Gansu); • Three Special Operations detachments (Beijing; Tianjin; Shijiazhuang); • Two Transportation detachments (Beijing and Xi’an, Shaanxi); • One Engineering/Chemical Defence detachment (Huludao, Liaoning); • One Helicopter detachment with 3 Groups 2nd Mobile Corps The 2nd Mobile Corps is headquartered in Fuzhou, with units concentrated in Fujian and surrounding provinces along the coast (covering eastern and southern China). The 2nd Mobile Corps consists of: • Nine mobile detachments (Wuyi, Jiangsu; Putian, Fujian; Guangzhou; Foshan, Guangdong; Mengzi, Yunnan; Nanchong, Sichuan); • Two Special Operations detachments (Guangzhou(Snow Leopard Commando Unit) and Huzhou, Zhejiang); • Three Transportation detachments (Hefei, Anhui; Mianyang, Sichuan; Linzhi, Tibet); • One Engineering/Chemical Defense detachment (Fuzhou, Fujian); • One Helicopter detachment with 3 Groups The incumbent Commander is Major General Chen Hongwu, while the Political Commissar is Major General Yang Zhenguo. == Internal security forces ==
Internal security forces
in 2007. The major part of the PAP is the nèiwèi bùduì (); translations include "internal security forces", "internal security troops", and "internal guards corps". Internal security forces are divided into provincial-level formations with geographical areas of responsibility. They are subordinated to PAP headquarters; the 2017-2018 reforms removed control of PAP units from local government. Internal security forces are focused on domestic security missions, maintaining stability in western China, guarding government compounds, disaster relief, and responding to major anti-government unrest. The zǒngduì () is the provincial formation. They are called "corps" by the PAP; Western analysts have used "contingent", "general corps", and "detachment". Most are corps deputy leader grade formations. The exceptions are the Beijing and Xinjiang corps which are corps leader grade; their subordinate entities, except for the logistics and equipment bureaus, are one grade higher than in the other corps. Hong Kong and Macau do not have corps. Corps are further subdivided at lower administrative levels. Regimental-level detachments () are found in provinces, prefectures, and specifically designated cities. Battalions () are located in districts of the important cities and counties. Companies () are found in counties. All corps have subordinate elementary command colleges. List of provincial corps • • • 4 mobile detachments • • • • • • • • • Shàngwèi of Henan Corps interacting with the public • • • • • • • • • • • Two mobile detachments • • • • • Two mobile detachments • • Four mobile detachments • Tibet Corps • Three mobile detachments • • • Three mobile detachments • • Seven mobile detachments • (Not to be confused with the XPCC itself) • == Transportation units ==
Transportation units
Prior to the 2018 reforms, the () was its own independent corps under the dual command of the PAP and the Ministry of Transport. During the 2018 reforms, the Transportation Corps was reorganised into part of the 1st and 2nd mobile corps. History The lineage of the 1st Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps dates back to the 2nd World War, when it was known as the Laiyuan guerilla detachment of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military district. It participated in the Chinese civil war, WW2 and the Korean war. After becoming part of the it was deployed to build the Duku Highway in 1974 in which 47 personnel lost their lives. The 6th Detachment of the transportation corps deployed 105 officers and 48 vehicles for urban search and rescue duties during the 2015 Shenzhen landslide. Organisation (Pre-2018) • Transportation Corps Headquarters • Logistics office - Headquarters in 21 Huixin West Street, Chaoyang district, Beijing • 1st Transportation Corps • 1st Transportation Detachment • 2nd Transportation Corps - Headquartered in Kashgar • 6th Transportation Detachment Organisation (Post-2018) After the 2018 reforms, the transportation corps was reorganised into 5 detachments in the 1st and 2nd Mobile Corps: • 1st Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps- Stationed in Hefei, Anhui • 3rd Transportation Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps - Stationed in Bomê County, Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region Controversy In 2015, ex-Transportation corps commander Major General Liu Zhanqi, ex-Transportation corps Political commissar Major General and ex-Transportation Corps Chief engineer Major General were arrested on 16 June, 31 July and 15 September respectively on corruption-related charges as part of the anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping. As of 16 September 2015, a total of 43 people were arrested in relation to the case. == China Coast Guard ==
China Coast Guard
of the US Coast Guard visiting the China Coast Guard Academy in 2009 The Chinese People's Armed Police Coast Guard Bureau, also abbreviated as China Coast Guard is the agency for maritime search and rescue and law enforcement in the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China. The China Coast Guard was formerly the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security until 2013. In March 2013, China announced it would form a unified Coast Guard commanded by the State Oceanic Administration. This renewed Coast Guard has been in operation since July 2013. As of 1 July 2018, the China Coast Guard was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the State Oceanic Administration, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission (CMC). According to Joel Wuthnow of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, the Coast Guard Command within the People's Armed Police possibly is of Corps Leader Grade, led by a Commandant who usually holds the rank of major general. In June 2018, China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling. There are currently 3 regional bureaus: • East Sea Bureau • South Sea Bureau • North Sea Bureau == Special Operations units ==
Special Operations units
The People's Armed Police maintains several Special Operations Units, In 2002, the Snow Wolf Commando Unit, since 2007 Snow Leopard Commando Unit, was established in Beijing as the second special police unit. fast roping, counterinsurgency tactics, along with training in hostage rescue and hostage negotiation. Organisation Special Police Units/Special operations units are organised and placed at the Municipal In some provincial corps, the special operations unit is battalion or company sized and is placed under the mobile detachment. The Mobile Detachment's 1st Special Operations Company is known as the "Sky Sword" unit (). It can trace its lineage back to the 7th Company, 3rd Battalion of the 28th Group Army's 84th Infantry Division's 251st Regiment which was involved in the Battle of Jinan and the Huaihai campaign. In its entire history, it was deployed to approximately 50 law enforcement/disaster relief operations, won gold or silver in 100+ competitions and was awarded first class meritorious service medals 1 time, 2nd class meritorious service medals 5 times and 3rd class meritorious service medals 12 times. The Shenzhen Detachment's Special Operations Company is known as the "Wild Wolf" unit (). It was founded in 2005 and given the name in 2008. The Jinan Detachment's Special Operations Company is known as the "Lightning Commando Unit" () it was founded in 2009 and only had 30 members at the start. Mobile units • 1st Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps (, stationed in Beijing) • 2nd Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps (Overseas Guards Special Operations Detachment, stationed in Tianjin) • 3rd Special Operations Detachment, 1st Mobile Corps (stationed in Shijiazhuang) • 1st Special Operations Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps (Snow Leopard Commando Unit, stationed in Guangzhou) • 2nd Special Operations Detachment, 2nd Mobile Corps (stationed in Huzhou) Border Defense Corps Special Operations units In April 2012, the Xinjiang Border Defense Corps Female Special Service team () was founded. In March 2015 it was renamed to the "Snowy Eagle Female Special Service team" () at the Xinjiang Border Corps Training Base. At its founding in 2012, it only had 6 members, and by March 2015 it had 34 members. It assisted in security at the China Eurasia Expo multiple times. The Shenzhen Border Defense Detachment operated the (Nicknamed "Maritime Jiaolongs"), a police tactical unit which is dedicated to maritime anti-terrorism, search and rescue, combat diving and VBSS. == Former units ==
Former units
With the 2018 reforms, Specialist Corps other than the Transportation Corps have been placed under other ministries, while the China Coast Guard (CCG) was transferred from State Council to PAP command, and the Transportation Corps has some units under the Mobile Corps. The Border Defense Corps and Guards Corps have been absorbed by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS). The Forestry Corps were merged with the (also known as the firefighting corps) of the MPS and reorganised as China Fire and Rescue (CF&R), it was placed under the Ministry of Emergency Management. The Gold Corps and Hydropower Corps have been transformed into state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the relevant State Council ministries (Ministry of Natural Resources and China National Gold Group Corporation and China Aneng Construction Corporation, respectively). Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces The MPSASF were agencies of the Ministry of Public Security who were manned by People's Armed Police Personnel. The three corps of the MPSASF were the Border Defense Corps in charge of border patrol and immigration inspection, the Guard Corps in charge of VIP protection and the protection of provincial leaders, Forestry Corps The () was a former branch of the PAP which did tasks such as fighting Wildfires and law enforcement in forest areas, along with protecting wildlife, disaster relief. When it was active, it was the only military branch on Earth whose task was fighting wildfires. It was nicknamed the "Fearless Red Boys". The Forestry Corps was officially disbanded on 10 October 2018. History The Forestry Corps can trace its lineage to the Armed Forest Protection Battalions (); There were a total of four battalions; Each of the Hejiang, Songjiang, Longjiang and Jilin provinces consisted of one Armed Forest Protection Battalion. Founded on 25 August 1948, these units were created to conduct counterinsurgency operations against Japanese/Collaborator holdouts (This role was also later expanded to KMT holdouts after the Chinese Civil War), bandits and triads in Northeast China, which would often raid local villages and commit acts of arson, causing wildfires. At the time of establishment, each had 960 soldiers (3840 soldiers, all battalions combined). The Armed Forest Protection Battalions would often disguise themselves as hunters during recon, and used Cavalry tactics. By 16 October 1950, each battalion had 1600 soldiers (6400 Soldiers total). According to archives, by 1952, the Armed Forest Protection Battalions had killed a total of 6 KMT and American spies along with capturing a total of 46 spies, 34 triad members and 71 illegal migrants along with 68 firearms, multiple tens of thousand rounds of ammunition, multiple kilograms of drugs and prevented a total of 7 vandalism incidents. were founded, in 2002 the Sichuan Corps, Tibet Corps and Xinjiang Corps were founded, and in 2007 the Fujian Corps, the Gansu Corps and were founded. It was stationed in Daqing and operated Z-8 Helicopters, which were used for search and rescue, personnel transport and firefighting. The Helicopter Detachment had the nickname "Heroic Firefighting Hawks". AC313s were also ordered. After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, the Forestry Corps deployed over 2000 personnel to assist with rescue efforts. In total, the forestry corps evacuated 14,000 people, rescued 8 survivors, recovered the bodies of 1,200 victim along with transporting 2,000 tonnes of aid, repairing 40 km of roads and rescuing 86 giant pandas. On 16 September 2015, the Forestry Corps Lijiang Detachment was deployed to Huaping county to conduct post-flood disaster relief efforts, rescuing 10 people and transporting 60 tonnes of aid. On 2 June 2018, large scale wildfires sprung up in Daxing'anling Prefecture. A total of 7000 Forestry Corps personnel were deployed from the Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin Corps to suppress the wildfire. Between 1948 and 2018, the Forestry Corps and its predecessors conducted a total of 16,000 wildfire fighting operations and 43,000 law enforcement operations. A total of 236 units and personnel received honorary titles, and 92 units and personnel received 1st Class Meritorious Service Medals. History It was founded in March 1979 as part of the . It was under the joint dual command of the Basic Engineering Corps and the . It consisted of 7 regiment level battalions and 12 geological teams. The same year in December, its official role switched again to geological surveying and metal analysis along with disaster relief to geological related incidents and law enforcement. • 1st Gold Detachment • 5th Gold Detachment • 9th Gold Detachment Prior to 2018, the Hydropower Corps was in charge of managing, constructing and providing law enforcement to hyrdropower facilities along with flood management. History In Summer 1950, due to the Huai River flooding, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai laid plans to deploy military forces for flood disaster relief. On 8 February 1952, the East China Field Army's 90th Division was recalled from Northeast China (where it was originally meant to participate in the Korean war) and reorganised into the 1st and 2nd hydraulic engineering divisions, and deployed to conduct flood management. In Spring of 1955, the 1st and 2nd hydraulic engineering divisions were disbanded, with its personnel becoming civilian engineers. Throughout its history, the Hydropower corps has been involved in the construction of over 50 hydropower projects, including the Three Gorges Dam, and Longtan Dam, along with providing aid and rescue to many disasters, such as the 2014 Ludian earthquake and 2015 Shenzhen landslide. After the 2014 Ludian earthquake, the 1st Hydropower Corps deployed 263 personnel to conduct an emergency demolition operation of Changhai Dam, which after the earthquake had huge risk of a dam failure. The Hydropower corps was officially disbanded on 30 August 2018, and was handed over to the China Anneng Construction Group in April 2019. Organisation (1982–2018) • 1st Hydropower Corps - Formerly the Basic Engineering Corps 61st Detachment; Headquarters in Nanning • 2nd Hydropower Detachment • 12th Hydropower Detachment Post reform organisations • The 1st Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 1st Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in Nanning) on 19 November 2019. • The 2nd Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 2nd Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in Nanchang) on 14 November 2019. • The 3rd Hydropower Corps was converted into the China Anneng Construction Group's 3rd Engineering Bureau (Headquartered in Chengdu) on 12 November 2019. It has branches in Wuhan and Chongqing. == See also ==
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