MarketThe Breakers (hotel)
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The Breakers (hotel)

The Breakers Palm Beach is a historic, Renaissance Revival style luxury hotel with 534 rooms. It is located at 1 South County Road in Palm Beach, Florida. During the 1895–96 winter season, business tycoon Henry Flagler opened the first Breakers resort, then the only oceanfront lodging south of Daytona Beach, to accommodate additional tourists due to the popularity of his Royal Poinciana Hotel. Known as the Palm Beach Inn upon its original opening, it was renamed The Breakers in 1901 after guests requested rooms "over by the breakers". While the Royal Poinciana Hotel permanently closed in the 1930s due to the Great Depression, The Breakers became a primary resort in Palm Beach, hosting many famous guests throughout the years. The current structure is the third incarnation of the hotel, having opened in December 1926 following two earlier structures on the same site that burned down in 1903 and 1925.

Early history
After experiencing success in the first few years of operation of the nearby Royal Poinciana Hotel, business tycoon Henry Flagler sought to accommodate more travelers on his Florida East Coast Railway and began construction on a second hotel in Palm Beach in 1895. This hotel, originally known as the Wayside Inn and later the Palm Beach Inn, was a Georgian Revival-style building. While some sources indicate that the Palm Beach Inn opened on January 16, 1896, Regardless, the Palm Beach Inn reached full occupancy for most of its first season. Unlike the Royal Poinciana Hotel, which sat along the Lake Worth Lagoon, the Palm Beach Inn was an oceanfront hotel, the first of its kind south of Daytona Beach. This led to the construction of a 1,000 foot (300 m)-pier at the hotel and the opening of the original Port of Palm Beach, which allowed guests to travel to Havana, Nassau, and Key West via steamboat. cottages, a casino, a saltwater bath, However, during the fourth expansion of The Breakers on June 9, 1903, Within two weeks of the 1903 fire, Flagler announced his intentions to rebuild the hotel. This new structure was a four-story, wood frame, Colonial-style building containing 425 rooms and suites. The Breakers re-opened on February 1, 1904. Rooms started at $4 per night, including three meals a day (in 2018, rooms started at $1,050 per night). Other notable guests arriving in subsequent years included Andrew Carnegie, William Thomas Grant, William Randolph Hearst, J. P. Morgan, J. C. Penney, and members of the Astor, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt families. Seagull Cottage, the oldest home in Palm Beach, was moved to the north side of The Breakers in 1913 and became one of the hotel's cottages. In January of the same year, Flagler suffered a serious fall at his residence, Whitehall. He spent the next few months at The Breakers' Nautilus Cottage, but succumbed to his injuries there on May 20. Since Flagler forbade motorized vehicles on the property, patrons were delivered between the two hotels in wheeled chairs powered by employees. ==Pre-Negro leagues, Winter League baseball team==
Pre-Negro leagues, Winter League baseball team
In the winter of 1915–1916, the Breakers Hotel hired the services of Cyclone Joe Williams and fellow members of the Lincoln Giants pre-Negro leagues baseball team to take on another pre-Negro leagues team made up of Indianapolis ABCs players, hosted by the Royal Poinciana Hotel. The games featured Negro league baseball stars of the day, including Ben Taylor, C.I. Taylor, Candy Jim Taylor, John Donaldson, Ashby Dunbar, Jim Jeffries, Jimmie Lyons, Bill Francis, Blainey Hall, Dick Wallace, Louis Santop, and Spot Poles. One newspaper column claimed that "Astors, Vanderbilts, Morgans, and hundreds of others, who never see a ball game outside of Palm Beach... (are) rooting hard for their favorite team." ==1925 fire to World War II==
1925 fire to World War II
Twelve years after Flagler's death, The Breakers caught fire again on March 18, 1925, attributed to an electric curling iron that had been left on in a room occupied by the wife of Chicago mayor William Hale Thompson. The hotel had more than 400 guests at the time, including Titanic survivor Margaret Brown, actress Billie Burke, and General Foods owner Marjorie Merriweather Post, People staying at the hotel tossed their expensive possessions out the window, but most of these items were stolen or lost. Approximately 10,000 spectators watched the flames burn buildings in Palm Beach. Although the fire departments of Fort Lauderdale, Fort Pierce, Lake Worth, Additionally, embers blowing across the island ignited fires at many other buildings, destroying Edward R. Bradley's beach club, Damage totals from the fire ranged from $2.5 million to as much as $7 million. On March 22, four days after the fire, Florida East Coast Hotel vice president H. E. Bemis announced the company's intentions of rebuilding The Breakers, with plans to abandon the wooden construction for fireproof concrete. The architectural firm hired by the Flagler heirs, Schultze and Weaver, modeled the 550-room replacement building after the Villa Medici in Rome, Italy. The firm worked with New York-based Turner Construction Company, hired on December 4, The former lost most of its roof, windows, and the pier, Additionally, The Miami News reported of standing water inside the building and sand being deposited as high as the third floor. However, The Breakers opened for business on December 10, earlier than the previous winter season by several days. During the summer of 1942, Florida East Coast Hotel company officials considered keeping The Breakers closed for the upcoming season due to blackout orders in response to World War II, before announcing that the hotel would open on December 24. However, on December 11, United States District Judge John W. Holland issued an order granting possession of The Breakers to the United States Army, who planned to use the building as a temporary hospital facility. The order also included The Breakers' pools and casino, but excluded the cottages and golf course. On November 8, 1943, the U.S. Army named the facility the Ream General Hospital as a tribute to Major William R. Ream, a flight surgeon who died during World War I as a result of a plane crash. The U.S. Army transformed the ballroom into a recreation hall, the Coconut Grove room into a dental clinic, the south loggia into an officers' lounge, and the mezzanine section into operating rooms, while also creating a maternity ward, where more than a dozen babies were born. Thereafter, Palm Beach architect and engineer John Volk and two Miami firms quickly restored The Breakers, ==Subsequent years==
Subsequent years
The Flagler System, owners and operators of The Breakers, announced in April 1969 the addition of the new Breakers West Golf Club along Okeechobee Boulevard and State Road 7, approximately west of the hotel. The Flagler System sold some of the land to the Mayacoo Lakes Country Club Inc. in 1972. Around the mid-1980s, homes began being constructed within the Breakers West Golf Club. A 2008 profile of the Breakers West Golf Club in The Palm Beach Post indicated the existence of 548 homes spread across "670 acres [270 ha] with tall pines and old Florida vegetation.", along with two golf courses and country clubs. During the same announcement in April 1969, Flagler System also stated their plans to add 174 rooms to the hotel and create The Breakers Beach Club on the former site of the casino, which closed in 1968. The Breakers Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP in 1973. The listed area included 15 contributing buildings – the hotel and its 14 cottages – and one other contributing object. On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter ranked the hotel seventh on its list of "Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places". Today, the hotel and grounds occupy 140 acres (57 hectares) beside the Atlantic Ocean. ==Awards==
Awards
The Breakers is currently a AAA five diamond rated resort and has maintained this rating since 1996. U.S. News & World Report: Best Hotels in the USA & Florida Forbes Travel Guide: The Breakers Palm Beach, Four-Stars & The Spa at The Breakers, Five-Stars ==References==
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