(c. 1965), the
Winter White House of President
John F. Kennedy Native beginnings Native Americans previously inhabited the island of Palm Beach, with the
Jaega people arriving at least 3,000 years ago. Evidence for their inhabitation of the island are three pre-
Columbian archaeological complexes. These complexes include a burial mound, six unmarked Native American cemeteries, and a more recent burial site which suggested interaction between indigenous people and Europeans.
1872–1900 White settlers began arriving in modern-day Palm Beach by 1872. Along the coast of Palm Beach, the
Providencia wrecked in 1878 with a cargo of 20,000 coconuts, which were quickly planted. The Star Route, also known as the
Barefoot Mailman route, began serving the area in 1885. Carriers delivered mail by foot or boat from Palm Beach and other nearby communities to as far south as Miami, a round trip of . The first schoolhouse in southeast Florida (also known as the Little Red Schoolhouse) opened in Palm Beach in 1886. That same year, Flagler hired George W. Potter to plot 48 blocks for
West Palm Beach, a city to house workers at his hotels, and construction began on the
Royal Poinciana Hotel. The Royal Poinciana Hotel opened for business on February 11, 1894. In 1896, Flagler opened a second hotel originally known as Wayside Inn, before being renamed Palm Beach Inn, and later becoming
The Breakers. Fires later burned down the hotel in 1903 and 1925, but it was rebuilt each time. The
Palm Beach Daily News began publication in 1897 originally under the name
Daily Lake Worth News. Flagler's house lots were bought by the beneficiaries of the
Gilded Age, Telephone service was established in Palm Beach in 1908, with 18 customers initially. Prior to the 1910s, many African Americans in the area lived in a segregated section of Palm Beach called the "Styx", with an estimated population of 2,000 at its peak. Between 1910 and 1912, though, African Americans were evicted from the Styx. Most of the displaced residents relocated to the northern West Palm Beach neighborhoods of Freshwater,
Northwest, and
Pleasant City. Dimick,
Louis Semple Clarke, and 31 other male property owners met at Clarke's house and signed a charter to officially incorporate the town of Palm Beach on April 17, 1911. Dimick became the first mayor, John McKenna became town clerk, and Joseph Borman became town marshal, while J. B. Donnelly, William Fremd, John Doe, Enoch Root, and J.J. Ryman served as the first council members. Some of Mizner's clients included
Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.,
Paul Moore Sr.,
Gurnee Munn,
John Shaffer Phipps,
Edward Shearson,
Eva Stotesbury,
Rodman Wanamaker, and
Barclay Harding Warburton II. His designed works included the Costa Bella,
La Querida, Via Mizner was the first shopping complex along
Worth Avenue, which was then a mostly residential street. In February 1924, the town council allotted $100,000 to construct a new municipal building.
Harvey and Clarke architectural firm designed the building, while Newlon and Stephens built the structure after bidding $160,200 for the contract. The
Palm Beach Town Hall opened on December 18, 1925, and is still used for town council meetings. Before its completion, the council meetings took place in a one-story wooden building on
Royal Poinciana Way. Also in 1925, citywide construction revenue reached $14 million, attributed to the
Florida land boom.
1940–1960 (now the Palm Beach Biltmore Condominiums), converted into a U.S. Naval Special Hospital and
SPARS training school during
World War II Palm Beach's population grew from 1,707 in 1930 to 3,747 in 1940, a 119.5% increase. The Royal Poinciana Hotel, damaged heavily in the 1928 hurricane, also suffered greatly during the
Great Depression, and was demolished in 1935. Around 4,000 people purchased the salvageable remains of the hotel.
The Palm Beach-Post Times estimated some 500 homes could be built from the scraps of the hotel. Residents of Palm Beach established the
Society of the Four Arts on January 14, 1936, with Hugh Dillman as the first president. The 1930s decade also saw the construction of the Flagler Memorial Bridge, the northernmost bridge linking Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, completed on July 1, 1938. Palm Beach mayor James M. Owens acted as master of ceremonies for the bridge's opening, while then–U.S. senator
Charles O. Andrews and former U.S. senator
Scott Loftin gave speeches during the event. Early in
World War II, the
United States Army established a Ranger camp at the northern tip of the island, which could accommodate 200 men. The Palm Beach Civilian Defense Council ordered blackouts in Palm Beach beginning on April 11, 1942. Throughout the war, German U-boats sank 24 ships off Florida, with eight capsized off Palm Beach County between February and May 1942. The Army converted The Breakers into the Ream General Army Hospital, while the
Navy converted the
Palm Beach Biltmore Hotel into a U.S. Naval Special Hospital. The Biltmore Hotel would also become a training school for
SPARS, the
United States Coast Guard Women's Reserve. Palm Beach residents elected Claude Dimick Reese (son of former mayor T.T. Reese and grandson of Dimick) as mayor in 1953. He became the only native-born mayor of Palm Beach in its history. In the 1950s, the town's population grew around 56%, from 3,866 in 1950 to 6,055 in 1960. The town council responded in 1979 by approving an ordinance establishing the Landmarks Preservation Commission, which identifies and works to protect historic structures. hoping it would be used as a Winter White House. The residence was returned to the Post family in 1981, before being purchased by
Donald Trump in 1985 for roughly $10 million. A
nor'easter in November 1984 caused the
Mercedes I to crash into the seawall of
Mollie Wilmot's estate.
1990–2010 On October 31, 1991, the
Perfect Storm produced waves in height in Palm Beach. About of seawall at Worth Avenue were destroyed, while some parts of the town experienced
coastal flooding, especially along Ocean Boulevard. By that afternoon, police allowed only residents to enter the town. In March 2005, the
Palm Beach Police Department – under the guidance of Police Chief
Michael Reiter – began the first inquiry into the crimes committed by
sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his arrest and indictment in July 2006. Despite an
FBI investigation discovering at least 40 victims, the state attorney of Palm Beach County only charged Epstein with soliciting a prostitute and
soliciting a minor for prostitution in June 2008. He pleaded guilty on both counts and received a controversial
plea deal.
2010–present The town had a population of 8,348 people in 2010, a decrease of 20.3% from the previous census. Between February and December 2015, the Town Square, which includes the Addison Mizner Memorial Fountain and the town hall, underwent a $5.7 million restoration. The fountain's restoration was named "project of the year" by the
American Public Works Association's Florida chapter.
Name The January 1878 wreck of the
Providencia is credited with giving Palm Beach its name. The
Providencia was traveling from
Havana to
Cádiz, Spain, with a cargo of coconuts harvested in the
Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago in the
British West Indies, when the ship wrecked near Palm Beach. Many of the coconuts naturalized or were planted along the Palm Beach coast. A lush grove of palm trees soon grew on what was later named Palm Beach. ==Geography==