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Hud (prophet)

Hūd, sometimes called Eber, is believed in Islam to have been a messenger sent to ancient Arabia before Muhammad. Hud is repeatedly mentioned in the Quran whose eleventh chapter is also named after him.

Historical context
Hud has sometimes been identified with Eber, an ancestor of the Ishmaelites and the Israelites who is mentioned in the Old Testament. Hud is said to have been a subject of a mulk () named after its founder, 'Ad, a fourth-generation descendant of Noah (his father being Uz, the son of Aram, who was the son of Shem, who in turn was a son of Noah): The other tribes said to be present at this time in Arabia, were the Thamud, Jurhum, Tasam, Jadis, Amim, Midian, Amalek Imlaq, Jasim, Qahtan, Banu Yaqtan and others. The Quran gives the location of ʿĀd as being Al-Aḥqāf (). It is believed to have been in South Arabia, possibly in eastern Yemen and/or western Oman. In November 1991, a settlement was discovered and hypothesized to be Ubar, which is thought to be mentioned in the Qur'an as Iram dhāt al-ʿImād ("Iram of the Pillars" or "Iram of the Columns"), In a 1996 interview on the subject, he said: The Moroccan mystic Abdulaziz ad-Dabbagh gives detailed information about Hud: According to him, alludes to the fact that Hud was sent to the second ʿAd tribe, which lived after Noah. The first 'Ad tribe had a messenger named Huwayd, whose message was to be revived by Hud, and the tribe was destroyed with stones and fire by God. Hud was Eber's son (see Eber in Islam for his genealogy) and Iram was the name of one of the tribes of 'Ad, specifically the one Hud was sent to (see Iram in the Qur'an). == Narrative in the Quran ==
Narrative in the Quran
''This is a brief summary of Hud's narrative, with emphasis on two particular verses'': The people of ʿĀd were extremely powerful and wealthy and they built countless buildings and monuments to show their power. However, the ʿĀd people's wealth ultimately proved to be their source of pride, as they became arrogant and forsook God and began to adopt idols for worship, including three named Samd, Samud and Hara. Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar, a Salafi scholar of Tafsir, quoted this literation in his book, while his brother, Muhammad Sulaiman Al Ashqar, professor of Islamic University of Madinah, also implied his support of this narrative about Hud's miracle, in his own tafsir, Zubdat at Tafsir Min Fath al Qadir. The miracle is further highlighted by Firanda Andirja, lecturer of Al-Masjid al-Haram. Calamity upon ʿĀd After Hud has been left alone by the people of ʿĀd for a long time. The majority of them, however, refused to pay any notice to his teachings and they kept ignoring and mocking all he said. As their aggression, arrogance and idolatry deepened, God, after plenty of warning, sent a thunderous storm to finish the wicked people of ʿĀd once and for all. The destruction of the ʿĀd is described in the Quran: Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid, Imam of the Masjid al-Haram, along with the officials of the Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah, and Guidance also agreed the verse were speaking about the punishment from God towards ʿĀd peoples. Meanwhile, another Quran verse that describes further the characteristics of winds that bear calamity was in surat adh-Dhariyat: "And in ˹the story of˺ ’Âd ˹was another lesson,˺ when We sent against them the devastating wind." Exegesis experts translate Ar-Rīḥ al-ʿAqīm () literally as "fruitless wind" or "barren wind", a wind that does not bring benefit or any positive reaction to any biological existences. == In the hadith ==
In the hadith
There are several hadiths from various chains that became supporting materials regarding Calamity that has fallen upon the ʿĀd peoples, such as: • Abd al-Aziz al-Tarifi commented in the Aqida al-Khurasaniyya on a hadith narrated by Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, in which Muhammad warned about the Kharijites: "From this one's lineage, there will emerge people who recite the Quran, but it will not go beyond their throats. They will separate themselves from Islam and leave the idol worshippers unharmed; if I live to see them, I will surely kill them as ʿĀd were killed (by Hud)." This hadith is recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Al-Nasa'i, and Sunan Abi Dawud, and was graded authentic by Al-Albani (d. 1999). "They will separate themselves from Islam and leave the idol worshippers unharmed; if I live to see them, I will surely kill them as ʿĀd were killed (by Hud)." • Another mention of the calamity of 'Ad from Hadith came from the narration of Ibn Abbas and recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim during the Battle of the Trench, when the Quraysh's coalition army encampment were struck by storm, that Muhammad as said: "I have been made victorious with as-Saba (easterly wind) and the people of 'Ad were destroyed by ad-Dabur (westerly wind)." == Place of burial ==
Place of burial
Several sites are revered as the tomb of Hud. The most noted site, Qabr Hud, is located in a village in Hadhramaut, Yemen, and is a place of frequent Muslim pilgrimage. Robert Bertram Serjeant, in his study of the pilgrimage rite to the tomb of Hud, verified on the spot the facts related by Al-Harawi, who described, at the gate of the Mosque, on the west side, the rock onto which Hud climbed to make the call to prayer, and mentioned the grotto of Balhut at the bottom of the ravine. However, as is often the case with the graves of prophets, other locations have been listed. A possible location for his qabr () is said to be near the Zamzam Well in Saudi Arabia, others, however, suggest that this belief is a local tradition spewing from the reverence the locals have for Hud. File:Prophet Hud tomb in Yemen.jpg|Qabr Hud in the governorate of Hadhramaut, Yemen File:Tomb of prophet Hud.jpg|Maqam of Hud in Jordan, the Levant == In other religions ==
In other religions
Hud is referred to in the Baháʼí Faith as a Prophet who appeared after Noah and prior to Abraham, who exhorted the people to abandon idolatry and practice monotheism. His endeavors to save His people resulted in their "willful blindness" and His rejection. Judaism and Christianity do not venerate Hud as a prophet and, as a figure, he is absent from the Bible. However, there are several pre-Quranic references in Palmyrene inscription to individuals named Hud or possessing a name which is connected to Hud as well as references to the people of ʿĀd. == See also ==
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