Commonly mentioned uthras Below is a partial list of uthras. Some names of uthras are always listed together as pairs. •
Manda d-Hayyi, the savior uthra whose name means "
Gnosis of (the)
Life" • The triad consisting of the three sons of
Adam according to Book 1 of the
Left Ginza: •
Hibil (
Abel) •
Shitil (
Seth) •
Anush (
Enosh) • The
emanations: •
Yushamin (the Second Life): the primal uthra •
Abatur (the Third Life): father of Ptahil •
Ptahil (the Fourth Life): the creator of the material world •
Sam Ziwa (
Shem): Shem is cognate with the angelic soteriological figure Sam Ziwa •
Shilmai and
Nidbai are a pair of uthras who serve as the guardian spirits (
naṭra; plural:
naṭria) of the
Jordan and the delegates of
Manda d-Hayyi, who carry out the work of God (
Hayyi Rabbi). (See
Xroshtag and Padvaxtag in
Manichaeism.) •
Adathan and Yadathan are a pair of uthras who stand at the Gate of Life, praising and worshipping God.
In the Ginza Rabba Other uthras mentioned in the
Ginza Rabba are: • Barbag (Bar-Bag), also called
Azaziʿil – mentioned in
Right Ginza 4 as the "head of the 444
škintas." •
Bhaq Ziwa – uthra; also
Abatur •
Bihram – uthra of
baptism • Bhir (meaning 'chosen, tested, proven') – mentioned as part of a pair with Bihrun in
Right Ginza 8. • Bihrun – '[the Life] chose me'. Mentioned in Qulasta prayers
105 and
168,
Right Ginza 8, and
Mandaean Book of John 62. • Din Mlikh – uthra who appears in the revelation of
Dinanukht •
Gubran and Guban – mentioned in
Right Ginza 5.1. In the
Mandaean Book of John, Gubran Uthra helps
Nbaṭ lead a rebellion against
Yushamin and his 21 sons. • Ham Ziwa and Nhur Ziwa • Kapan and Kanpan •
Nbaṭ () – the King of Air, the first great Radiance •
Nṣab () – also called Nṣab Rabba and Nṣab Ziwa. Son of
Yushamin. Frequently mentioned with Anan-Nṣab ('cloud of Nṣab', a female consort) as a pair. Mentioned in
Right Ginza 8 and 17.1, and Qulasta prayers
25,
71,
105,
145,
168,
186, 353, and 379. • Nbaz (Nbaz Haila) – Mentioned in
Right Ginza 1.4 and 6 as the guardian of a
matarta. He is mentioned in
Right Ginza 6 as "Nbaz-Haila, the Lord of Darkness, the great anvil of the earth." • Nurʿil and Nuriaʿil – mentioned in
Right Ginza 5.1. •
Piriawis Yardna – also a heavenly stream and personified vine (
gufna) • Rahziʿil – mentioned in
Right Ginza 11, in which he is described as "the well-armed one who (is) the smallest of his brothers." •
Sam Mana Smira (Smir Ziwa 'pure first Radiance', or Sam Smir Ziwa;
Smir means 'preserved') – one of the Twelve. Sam Mana Smira is mentioned in
Qulasta prayers
9,
14,
28,
77, and 171, and
Right Ginza 3 and 5.4. Yawar Mana Smira and Sam Smira Ziwa are mentioned in
Right Ginza 14. Lidzbarski (1920) translates
Sam Mana Smira as "Sām, the well-preserved Mānā." • Sar and Sarwan – mentioned in
Qulasta prayers
25,
105,
168, and 378, and
Right Ginza 5.1, 8, and 17.1. •
Ṣaureil (Ṣaurʿil) – the angel of death; also an epithet for the Moon (Sén) •
Shihlun (lit. '[The Life] has sent me') •
Simat Hayyi – treasure of life; typically considered to be the wife of the uthra
Yawar Ziwa •
Tar and Tarwan.
Tarwan is mentioned in
Right Ginza 8 and in Qulasta prayer
105. The "land of Tarwan" is mentioned in Qulasta prayers
190 and 379 and
Right Ginza 15.17, while "pure Tarwan" (
taruan dakita), or sometimes "the pure land of Tarwan," is mentioned as a heavenly place in
Right Ginza 15.2, 15.8, 15.16, and 16.1. "Tarwan-Nhura" (Tarwan of Light) is mentioned in Qulasta prayers
4 and
25. •
ʿUrpʿil and Marpʿil •
Yasana – mentioned in
Right Ginza 12.1 as the "gate of Yasana." •
Yathrun – father of
Shilmai •
Yawar Ziwa – Dazzling Radiance, also known as Yawar Kasia or Yawar Rabba; husband of
Simat Hayyi.
Yawar can also mean 'Helper.' •
Yufin-Yufafin (Yupin-Yupapin) •
Yukabar (Yukhabr; ) – mentioned in
Qulasta prayers
74,
77,
173, and 379, and in
Right Ginza 15.6 (as Yukabar-Kušṭa), 16.4, and 17.1 (as Yukabar-Ziwa). Yukabar helps
Nbaṭ fight a rebellion against
Yushamin in the
Mandaean Book of John. •
Yukašar (Yukhashr; ) – source of Radiance. Mentioned in
Qulasta prayers
53,
54,
55,
64,
77, and
343, and in
Right Ginza 4 as Yukašar-Kana (
kana means 'place' or 'source'). In the
Mandaean Book of John, he is portrayed as the son of
Ptahil. • Yur (also Yur-Yahur) is one of the
matarta guardians. Qulasta prayer
12 begins with the name Yur, son of Barit. Yur is also mentioned in Qulasta prayers
18 and 171. •
Yura – "jewel". Mentioned in
Right Ginza 15.7, 15.8, 16.1, and 17.1 as
Yura Rba Ganzibra (literally "Great Yura the
Ganzibra" or "Great Yura the Treasurer"). Yura is mentioned in Qulasta prayers 214 and 379 as well. •
Yurba (spelled Jōrabba by
Lidzbarski) – also called the fighter. Yurba is identified with
Shamish, the sun. Book 18 of the
Right Ginza equates Yurba with
Adonai of Judaism, while Gelbert (2017) identifies Yurba with
Yao. • Rhum-Hai ("Mercy") • Īn-Hai ("Wellspring" or "Source of Life" (See for similar parallels.) Other minor uthras mentioned in the
Qulasta are: • Hamgai-Ziwa, son of Hamgagai-Ziwa – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
3 and
Right Ginza 15.5. • Hash (Haš) – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
77. Haš-u-Fraš Uthra ("Hash and Frash Uthra") is mentioned in Qulasta prayers
168 and
169. • Hauran and Hauraran – mentioned in Qulasta prayers
14,
27, and
28. In prayer 27, Hauran is described as a vestment, while Hauraran is described as a covering. Hauraran is also mentioned in
Right Ginza 15.2,
Left Ginza 3.60, and
Mandaean Book of John 70. • Hazazban (Haza-Zban) – mentioned in Qulasta prayers
19 and
27 as an uthra who sets wreaths (
klila) upon the heads of Mandaeans who are performing
masbuta. Sometimes the
klila itself is also called Hazazban. Also mentioned in the
Ginza Rabba as the
matarta guard
Zan-Hazazban in
Right Ginza 5.3 and
6. Hazazban possibly means 'this time.' • Shingilan (or Šingilan-Uthra) – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
105 and
Mandaean Book of John 1 and 69. According to
Mandaean Book of John 1, "Šingilan-Uthra takes the
incense holder and brings it before the
Mana." • ʿUṣar, also known as ʿUṣar-Hiia or ʿUṣar-Hai ("Treasure of Life"), as well as ʿUṣar-Nhura ("Treasure of Light") – mentioned in Qulasta prayers
17,
27,
40,
42,
49,
75, and
77; mentioned together with Pta-Hai in prayers
27,
49, and
77. •
Yukašar – mentioned in Qulasta prayers
53,
54,
55,
64,
77, and
343 • Yaha-Yaha – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
15 • Yaluz-Yaluz – mentioned in Qulasta prayers
22 and
50 • Zha-Zha – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
15 • Zhir – mentioned in Qulasta prayer
26 In other texts '' (DC 8):
Hibil (upper left corner),
Bihram (to the right of Hibil),
Simat Hayyi, (upper right corner), along with Adam,
Anush,
Shitil, and
Yadathan (bottom row of uthras) In the
Mandaean Book of John,
Etinṣib Ziwa () is an uthra who starts a battle against
Nbaṭ. • Arspan, an uthra connected with water and baptism; also the name of a throne in the
Diwan Abatur • Bihdad, an uthra who assists Abatur at the scales in the
Diwan Abatur • ʿQaimat – daughter of Yushamin, has 15 children by Ptahil • Rahmiʿil – often mentioned in love charms • Samandarʿil – a flower and blossom spirit; also mentioned in Qulasta prayer
105 • Šarhabiel – In the
Diwan Abatur, he is the son of Ptahil who rules over purgatory. Šarhabʿil has been depicted as both male and female, and is also the epithet of the ritual incense cup. •
Dmut Kušṭa (MS Asiatic. Misc. C. 12) •
Abatur Rama, as a
date palm • Habšaba, as a
fig tree •
Yawar Ziwa, as a great
cotton plant •
Yushamin, as a
mulberry tree •
Diwan Abatur (DC 8) •
Shatrin • Gabriel Rihmat ('she-loved-Gabriel', a date palm) •
Baptism of Hibil Ziwa (DC 35) •
Nṣab •
Pirun •
Alma Rišaia Rba (DC 41): Haneil, Marmag, Mašqeil, Nahreil, Nahureil, Rahimeil (depicted twice), Samkieil,
Tarwan Anana The Mandaic term
anana () is typically translated as 'cloud,' but can also be interpreted as a female consort of an uthra, and hence also an uthra. It can also be interpreted as the semen or seed of the Father (Hayyi Rabbi), or a personified drop of "water of life". ==Parallels in other religions==