Inferior hypogastric plexus

Structure The plexus consists of an irregular, fenestrated layer containing small ganglia. • sacral splanchnic nerves (from sympathetic trunk) • pelvic splanchnic nerves (from sacral nerves S2-S4) also contribute parasympathetic efferent fibers to the plexus. Efferents Efferents branches form secondary plexuses that accompany the internal iliac artery along its course. They give rise to the middle and inferior rectal plexuses, vesical plexus, deferential plexus, and prostatic plexus (in males) or uterovaginal plexus (in females). Efferents of the plexus are responsible for innervating the genital erectile tissues. == Clinical significance ==

Due to its location, injury to this structure can arise as a complication of pelvic surgeries and may cause urinary dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Testing of bladder function is used in that case to show a poorly compliant bladder, with bladder neck incompetence, and fixed external sphincter tone. ==Additional images==