List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay

Calcarea – lime sponges Order Leucosolenida Family Sycettidae • Hairy tube sponge, Sycon spp. (Saldanha Bay to Kosi Bay) • Atlantic teat-sponge, Polymastia atlantica Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 (Lüderitz to Cape Peninsula) Family Suberitidae • Dusty sponge, Suberites aff. ficus (both side of the Cape Peninsula, also southern Namibia, Mediterranean, Pacific and north Atlantic) Family Tethyidae • Golf ball sponge, Tethya aurantium (Lüderitz to Durban) Order Halichondrida Family Halichondriidae • Crumb-of-bread sponge, Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1818) (Northern Cape to Port St. Johns, also north Atlantic, Mediterranean and the Pacific) Order Poecilosclerida Family Chondropsidae • Scroll sponge, Chondropsis sp. (Olifants River to Cape Peninsula) Family Crambeidae • Stellar sponge, Crambe acuata (Lévi, 1958) syn. Crambe chelastra (Lüderitz to Cape Peninsula) Family Latrunculiidae • Green moon sponge, Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2004, (Oudekraal to Cape Point) • Vented sponge, Latrunculia (Biannulata) spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (Angola to Durban) • Tsitsikamma scurra Samaai and Kelly 2004, (Hout Bay) Family Isodictyidae • Brain sponge, Isodictya elastica (Vosmaer, 1880) (West Coast to Port Elizabeth)(Lüderitz to Cape Point) • Flat leaf sponge, Isodictya grandis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (West Coast to False Bay) • Fanned kelp sponge, Isodictya frondosa (Lévi, 1963) (Orange river to Cape Point) Family Microcionidae • Broad-bladed tree sponge, Clathria (Clathria) dayi Levi, 1963 (West Coast to the Cape Peninsula) • Red encrusting sponge, Clathria (Isociella) oudekraalensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005 (Cape Peninsula) • Nodular sponge, Clathria (Thalysias) hooperi Samaai & Gibbons, 2005, also recorded as Clathria hooperi Samaai & Gibbons, 2005, (Cape Peninsula) • Tree sponge, Echinoclathria dichotoma (Levi, 1963) (West Coast to Cape Agulhas) Family Desmacellidae • Yellow encrusting sponge, Biemna anisotoxa Levi, 1963 (West Coast to Port Elizabeth) Order Haplosclerida Family Chalinidae • Turret sponge, Haliclona (Haliclona) anonyma (Stephens, 1915) (Cape Peninsula to Sodwana Bay) • Encrusting turret sponge, Haliclona (Haliclona) stilensis Burton, 1933 (West and South Coasts) Order Dictyoceratida Family Irciniidae • Black stink sponge, Ircinia arbuscula (Hyatt, 1877) (syn. Sarcotragus australis) (Cape Peninsula to Cape Agulhas, also Australia) Note: Ircinia arbuscula (Lendenfeld, 1888) is syn. of Sarcotragus australis (Lendenfeld, 1888), so this needs to be clarified. • Sand cup sponge, Psammocinia cf. arenosa (Orange River to Cape Peninsula) ==Cnidarians==

Anthozoa Hexacorallians Order: Actiniaria – Anemones Family Actiniidae • Plum anemone, Actinia ebhayiensis Schama, Mitchell & Solé-Cava, 2011. (TMNP MPA). Recorded as Plum anemone Actinia mandelae from about Lüderitz to Durban • Long-tentacled anemone, Anthopleura michaelseni (Pax, 1920) (Lüderitz to Durban)(Table Bay to Cape Agulhas) (Namibia to Eastern Cape) Family Isanthidae • Ring-tentacle anemone, Isanthus capensis Carlgren, 1938 (South African Atlantic coast) Family Alcyoniidae • Purple soft coral, Alcyonium fauri Studer, 1910 (Saldanha Bay to Richards Bay) Family Eunicellidae • Flagellar sea fan, whip fan, Eunicella albicans (Kolliker, 1875) (Cape Peninsula to Port Elizabeth)(Cape Columbine to Richards' Bay) Family Malacacanthidae • Sun-burst soft coral, Malacacanthus capensis (Hickson, 1900) (Cape Peninsula to southern KwaZulu-Natal) Family Melithaeidae • Multicoloured sea fan, Melithaea rubra (Esper, 1789) also recorded as syn. Acabaria rubra Esper, 1789 (Bloubergstrand to East London) Family Nephtheidae • Cauliflower soft coral, Eunephthya thyrsoidea (Verrill, 1865) (Cape Peninsula to northern KwaZulu-Natal) (Lüderitz to Durban) Medusozoa Staurozoa Order Stauromedusae family Depastridae • Stalked trumpet jelly, Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935 (Cape Peninsula to Hermanus) Family Kishinouyeidae • Calvadosia sp. (TMNP MPA). • Night-light jellyfish, Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskal, 1775) (pelagic, Atlantic Ocean, also Mediterranean and Pacific) Order Rhizostomeae Family Rhizostomatidae • Frilly-mouthed jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo Macri, 1778 (pelagic, Atlantic Ocean) • Root-mouthed jellyfish, Eupilema inexpectata Pages, Gili & Bouillon, 1992 (pelagic, Atlantic Ocean) Hydrozoans Order Anthoathecata Family Candelabridae • Gnome's hat hydroid, Candelabrum capensis (Manton, 1940) (Lüderitz to East London) syn. Myriothela capensis syn. Myriothela tentaculata (pelagic, whole coast) Family Physaliidae • Bluebottle, Portuguese man-of-war, Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758), recorded as syn. Physalia utriculus (La Martiniere, 1787) (pelagic, whole coast) ==Ctenophora – comb jellies==

Order Beroida Family Beroidae • Cigar comb jelly, Beroe cucumis Fabricius, 1780, (pelagic, worldwide). Order Cestida Family Cestidae • Venus girdle, Cestum veneris Lesueur, 1813 (pelagic, worldwide) Order Cydippida Family Pleurobrachiidae • Sea gooseberry, Pleurobrachia bachei Agassiz, 1860 (pelagic, worldwide) Order Lobata Family Bolinopsidae • Lobed comb jelly, Leucothea spp. (pelagic, worldwide) Order Platyctenida Family Coeloplanidae • Benthic comb jelly, Coeloplana sp. (TMNP MPA). ==Platyhelminthes – flatworms==

Order Polycladida Family Notocomplanidae • Limpet flatworm, Notocomplana erythrotaenia (Schmarda, 1859), recorded as syn. Notoplana patellarum (Stimpson, 1855), (TMNP MPA). (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape) (Cape Peninsula to Maputo) Incertae sedis • Acoel flatworm, sponge flatworm. Undescribed. (Both sides of the Cape Peninsula) • Striped flatworm. Undescribed. (Cape Peninsula and Port Elizabeth) • Freckled flatworm. Undescribed. (Both sides of the Cape Peninsula) ==Annelida==

Order Myzostomida Family Myzostomatidae • Crinoid worm, feather star myzostomid, Myzostoma fuscomaculatum Lanterbeque, 2008 (False Bay) (Lüderitz to Mozambique) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape) (Lüderitz to Durban) (Walvis Bay to Algoa Bay) (Walvis Bay to Mozambique) (Lüderitz to Maputo) (Walvis bay to Mozambique) (Walvis Bay to Maputo) (Walvis Bay to Maputo) (Walvis Bay to Mozambique) • Mussel-worm, Pseudonereis variegata (Grube, 1857), (TMNP MPA). (Whole coast) (Orange River to Mozambique)(TMNP MPA) (Walvis Bay to Wild Coast) (Lüderitz to Cape Peninsula) Family Syllidae • Syllis variegata Grube, 1860, (TMNP MPA). • Beadworms Syllidae spp. (Cape Columbine to southern Mozambique) Family Orbiniidae • Naineris laevigata (Grube, 1855), (TMNP MPA). (Walvis Bay to Algoa Bay) (North Namibia to North KZN) (Lüderitz to Algoa Bay) (Lüderitz to Cape Peninsula) • Tangleworms family Terebellidae Mamlgren, 1867 (whole coast) Family Serpulidae • Filigreed coral-worm, Filograna implexa Berkeley, 1835 (Port Nolloth to Port Elizabeth) • Red fanworm, mopworm Protula bispiralis (Savigny, 1822) (Cape Point to Durban) • Operculate fanworm, Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 (Port Nolloth to southern Mozambique) • Spiral fanworms family Serpulidae Rafinesque, 1815 (whole coast) • Spiral fanworms, Spirorbis spp. Order Spionida Family Spionidae • Shell-boring spionids, Polydora spp. ==Arthropods==

Pycnogonida – sea spiders Order Pantopoda Family Ammotheidae • Compact sea spider, Tanystylum brevipes (Hoek, 1881) (Orange River mouth to Richards Bay) (Walvis Bay to Mozambique) Family Caprellidae • Skeleton shrimp, Caprella equilibra Say, 1818, (TMNP MPA), (Whole coast) (whole coast and offshore waters) Family Hyalidae • Apohyale diastoma (K.H. Barnard, 1916), (TMNP MPA). recorded as syn. Hyale diastoma K.H. Barnard, 1916. • Seaweed amphipod, Apohyale grandicornis (Krøyer, 1845), (TMNP MPA). recorded as syn. Hyale grandicornis (Krøyer, 1845), Family Hyperiidae • Bubble-eyed amphipod, Themisto gaudichaudii Guérin, 1825, (TMNP MPA). (Orange River to Cape Peninsula) • Lysianassa spp. (TMNP MPA).(whole coast) Family Melitidae • Brack water amphipod, Melita zeylanica Stebbing, 1904. (TMNP MPA). Family Ochlesidae • Ridgeback amphipod, Ochlesis lenticulosus K.H. Barnard, 1940, (TMNP MPA). (False Bay to Algoa Bay) (Luderitz to Cape Peninsula) (St Helena Bay to north KZN) (Whole coast) (Whole coast) • Beach hopper, louse amphipod, Capeorchestia capensis (Dana, 1853). also recorded as syn. Talorchestia capensis (Dana, 1853), (Orange river to Wild Coast) Family Urothoidae • Burrowing amphipod, Urothoe grimaldii Chevreux, 1895, (TMNP MPA). (North Namibia to Algoa Bay) ====Order Decapoda==== =====Infraorder Achelata===== Family Palinuridae • West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) (Walvis Bay to Port Elizabeth) (False Bay to north KZN) • Striated hermit crab, Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796) (False Bay to southern Mozambique) • Pink hermit crab, Paguristes gamianus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1836) (southern Namibia to Port Elizabeth) Superfamily Galatheoidea • Squat lobster, Galatheoidea sp.(TMNP MPA) • Blue-lined hermit crab, Anapagurus hendersoni Barnard, 1947. (TMNP MPA) =====Infraorder Axiidea===== Family Callichiridae • Common sand prawn, Kraussillichirus kraussi (Stebbing, 1900) recorded as syn. Callichirus kraussi (Stebbing, 1900), (TMNP MPA). =====Infraorder Brachyura – true crabs===== Family Calappidae • Masked crab, Mursia cristiata H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 (Saldanha Bay to Sodwana Bay) Fanuly Camptandriidae • Danielella edwardsii (MacLeay, 1838) recorded as syn. Danielita edwardsii (MacLeay, 1838), (TMNP MPA). Family Dromiidae • Sumo crab, scrubbing-brush crab, Dromidia aegibotus Barnard, 1947 (Cape Peninsula to Port Elizabeth) • Shaggy sponge crab, Dromidia hirsutissima (Lamarck, 1818) (Southern Namibia to Mossel Bay) Family Epialtidae • Toothed decorator crab, Acanthonyx dentatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 recorded as syn. Dehaanius dentatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834) (Saldanha Bay to Richards Bay) Family Hexapodidae • Three-legged crab, Spiroplax spiralis (Barnard, 1950), (TMNP MPA). Family Hymenosomatidae • Crown crab, Hymenosoma orbiculare Desmarest, 1825 (Namibian border to southern Mozambique) • Hotlips spider crab, Achaeopsis spinulosa Stimpson, 1857 (False Bay to Durban) Family Leucosiidae • Long-legged crab, Afrophila punctata (Bell, 1855), (TMNP MPA). Family Nautilocorystidae • Masked crab, Nautilocorystes ocellatus (Gray, 1831), (TMNP MPA). Family Ovalipidae • Three-spot swimming crab, Ovalipes trimaculatus (De Haan, 1833) (Lüderitz to Durban) Family Pilumnoididae • Kelp crab, Pilumnoides rubus Guinot & MacPherson, 1987 (Namibian border to Cape Peninsula) Family Plagusiidae • Cape rock crab, Guinusia chabrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lüderitz to Sodwana Bay) Family Varunidae • Shore crab, Cyclograpsus punctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, (TMNP MPA). • Swimming rock crab, Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), (TMNP MPA). =====Infraorder Caridea – benthic prawns===== Family Alpheidae • Cracker shrimp, Alpheus lobidens De Haan, 1849 Alpheus crassimanus Heller, 1865 (Saldanha Bay to Delagoa Bay) • Cracker shrimp, Alpheus sulcatus Kingsley, 1878, recorded as syn. Alpheus macrochirus Richters, 1880, (TMNP MPA). • Commensal shrimp, Betaeus jucundus Barnard, 1947, (TMNP MPA). Family Hippolytidae • Crinoid shrimp, feather star shrimp Hippolyte catagrapha d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2007 (False Bay) • Broken-backed shrimp, Hippolyte kraussiana Stimpson, 1860 (Saldanha Bay to East London) Family Penaeidae • Surf shrimp, swimming shrimp, Macropetasma africana (Balss, 1913), (TMNP MPA). =====Infraorder Gebiidea===== Family Upogebiidae • Estuarine mud prawn, Upogebia africana (Ortmann, 1894), (TMNP MPA). ====Order Euphausiacea==== Family Euphausiidae • Light euphausid, Euphausia lucens Hansen, 1905, (TMNP MPA). (Angola to Algoa Bay) • Haliophasma spp. (TMNP MPA). • Wide-foot beach louse, Excirolana latipes (Barnard, 1914), (TMNP MPA) • Natal beach louse, Excirolana natalensis (Vanhöffen, 1914), (TMNP MPA). • Hairy-legged cirolanid, Natalolana hirtipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1840), (TMNP MPA). Family Cymothoidae • Fish louse, Anilocra capensis Leach, 1818 (Walvis Bay to Durban) Family Holidoteidae • Austroarcturus dayi (Kensley, 1977) recorded as Microarcturus dayi Kensley, 1977. Family Idoteidae • Keeled isopod, Glyptidotea lichtensteini (Krauss, 1843), (TMNP MPA). • Metallic isopod, Idotea metallica Bosc, 1801, (TMNP MPA). • Reticulate kelp louse, Paridotea reticulata Barnard, 1914 (Namibian border to Cape Peninsula) • Paridotea spp. (TMNP MPA). • Ianiropsis palpalis Barnard, 1914 (TMNP MPA) • Hairy isopod, Iathrippa capensis (Barnard, 1914), (TMNP MPA). Family Joeropsididae • Stebbing's isopod, Joeropsis stebbingi Kensley, 1975, (TMNPA MPA). Family Ligiidae • Sea slater, Ligia dilatata Brandt, 1833, (TMNP MPA). Family Paranthuridae • Paranthura punctata (Stimpson, 1855), (TMNP MPA). Family Sphaeromatidae • Hump-tailed isopod, Cymodoce valida (Stebbing, 1902), (TMNP MPA). • Cymodocella spp. (TMNP MPA). • Roll-tailed isopod Dynamenella huttoni (TMNP MPA). • Exosphaeroma kraussi Tattersall, 1913, (TMNP MPA). • Exosphaeroma planum Barnard, 1914, (TMNP MPA). • Exosphaeroma truncatitelson Barnard, 1940, (TMNP MPA). • Variegated spherical isopod, Exosphaeroma varicolor Barnard, 1914, (TMNP MPA). • Exosphaeroma spp. (TMNP MPA). • Roll-tailed isopod, Ischyromene huttoni (G. Thomson, 1879), (TMNP MPA). • Roll-tailed isopod, Ischyromene magna (Barnard, 1954), recorded as syn. Cymodocella magna Barnard, 1954, (TMNP MPA). • Spike-back isopod, Parisocladus perforatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840), (TMNP MPA). • Spike-back isopod, Parisocladus stimpsoni (Heller, 1861), (TMNP MPA). • Button isopod, Sphaeramene polytylotos Barnard, 1914, (TMNP MPA). Family Tylidae • Pill-bug Tylos capensis Krauss, 1843 (TMNP MPA). • Giant beach pill-bug, Tylos granulatus Krauss, 1843, (TMNP MPA). ====Order Leptostraca==== Family Nebaliidae • Cape leaf shrimp, Nebalia capensis Barnard, 1914, (TMNP MPA). ====Order Mysida – mysid shrimps==== Family Mysidae • Surf mysid, Gastrosaccus psammodytes O. Tattersall, 1958 (Namibian border to Durban) • Red and white shrimp, Heteromysis (Heteromysis) fosteri Wittmann & Griffiths, 2017 (TMNP MPA) • Octopus commensal shrimp, Heteromysis (Heteromysis) octopodis Wittmann & Griffiths, 2017 (TMNP MPA) • Kelp mysid, Mysidopsis major (Zimmer, 1928) (Lüderitz to False Bay) • Stargazer shrimp, Mysidopsis zsilaveczi Wittmann & Griffiths, 2014, (TMNP MPA) ====Order Stomatopoda – mantis shrimps==== Family Lysiosquillidae • Cape mantis shrimp, Lysiosquilla capensis Hansen, 1895 (Cape Point to Port Elizabeth) Also reported as Lysiosquilla (armata) capensis not listed on WoRMS. Family Tanaididae • Slender tanaid, Zeuxoides helleri Sieg, 1980, recorded as syn. Anatanais gracilis (Heller, 1865), (TMNP MPA). ====Infraclass Cirripedia – barnacles==== Order Balanomorpha Family Balanidae • Striped barnacle, Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854), (TMNP MPA). • Giant barnacle, Austromegabalanus cylindricus (Gmelin, 1780), (TMNP MPA). • ? Balanus maxillaris Gronovius, 1763, (not listed in WoRMS), (TMNP MPA). Family Tetraclitidae • Grey volcano barnacle, Tetraclita serrata Darwin, 1854 (TMNP MPA). Order Scalpellomorpha Family Lepadidae • Rabbit-ear barnacle, Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1767), (TMNP MPA). • Buoy barnacle, Dosima fascicularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (TMNP MPA) • Yellow-rimmed goose barnacle, Lepas (Lepas) anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, reported as Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, (TMNP MPA). • Goose barnacle, Lepas (Lepas) testudinata Aurivillius, 1892 (pelagic) Order Sessilia Family Balanidae • Giant barnacle, Austromegabalanus cylindricus (Gmelin, 1780) (Port Nolloth to Port Elizabeth) Family Chthamalidae • Tooth barnacle, Chthamalus dentatus Krauss, 1848, (TMNP MPA). • Eight-shell barnacle, Octomeris angulosa (Sowerby, 1825), (TMNP MPA). ===Class Copepoda=== Order Calanoida Family Centropagidae • Pelagic copepods, Centropages brachiatus (Dana, 1849), (TMNP MPA). Order Harpacticoida Family Porcellidiidae • Porcellidium spp. (TMNP MPA). ==Bryozoans – moss animals, lace animals==

Order Cheilostomatida Family Adeonidae • Forked false coral, Adeonella spp. (Namibian border to Durban) • Pore-plated false coral, Laminopora jellyae (Levinsen, 1909) (Cape Peninsula to East London) • Beania vanhoeffeni Kluge, 1914 (Cape Peninsula) • Eyelash moss animal, Bicellariella ciliata (Linnaeus, 1758), (TMNP MPA). • Fan-shaped moss animal, Bugulina flabellata (Thompson, in Gray, 1848) (Namibian border to Algoa Bay), recorded as syn. Bugula flabellata Family Calwelliidae • Busk's moss animal, Onchoporella bombycina Busk, 1884, recorded as syn. Onchoporella buskii (Harmer, 1923) (Port Nolloth to Algoa Bay, endemic) Family Candidae • Fern moss animal, curled moss animal, Menipea crispa (Pallas, 1766) (Lambert's Bay to Durban) • Spiral moss animal, Menipea triseriata Busk, 1852 (Namibian border to Port St Johns) • Cylindrical false coral, Turbicellepora redoutei (Audouin, 1826) syn. Cellepora cylindriformis (Port Nolloth to Port St. Johns) • Cylindrical false coral, Turbicellepora cylindriformis (Busk, 1881), (TMNP MPA). Family Chaperiidae • Scrolled false coral, Chaperia spp. (Namibian border to Sodwana Bay) Family Electridae • Verticellate lace animal, Hairy lace animal, Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767) (Namibian border to East London) Family Exochellidae • Escharoides contorta (Busk, 1854) (Cape Town to KwaZulu-Natal) Family Lanceoporidae • Calyptotheca nivea (Busk, 1884) (Cape Point to East London) • Calyptotheca porelliformis (Waters, 1918), (TMNP MPA) Family Lepraliellidae • Spiny false coral, Celleporaria capensis (O'Donoghue & de Watteville, 1935) (Cape Peninsula to Algoa Bay) (Saldanha Bay to Durban) syn. Membranipora tuberculata • Red-rust bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852) (Cape Columbine to Mossel Bay) Order Ctenostomatida Family Alcyonidiidae • Nodular bryozoan, Alcyonidium nodosum O'Donoghue & Watteville, 1944 (Port Nolloth to False Bay) • Soft false coral, Alcyonidium rhomboidale O'Donoghue, 1924 (Cape Columbine to Algoa Bay) Order Cyclostomatida Family Diaperoeciidae • Beauteous bryozoan, pore-tubed bryozoan, Nevianipora pulcherrima (Kirkpatrick, 1890) syn. Tubulipora pulcherrima (Cape Peninsula to Mossel Bay, Indo-Pacific) ==Molluscs==

Gastropoda – slugs and snails Patellogastropoda – true limpets Family Patellidae – true limpets • Kelp limpet, Cymbula compressa (Linnaeus, 1758) recorded as syn. Patella compressa Linnaeus. 1758 (Namibia to Cape Point) • Slim rayed-limpet, Helcion dunkeri Krauss, 1848 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal) Family Haliotidae – abalone • Perlemoen or abalone, Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758 (Cape Columbine to KwaZulu-Natal South coast) • Pheasant shell, Tricolia neritina (Dunker, 1846), (TMNP MPA). • Variegated topshell, Oxystele antoni D. G. Herbert, 2015, also recorded as syn. Oxystele variegata (Anton, 1838), (TMNP MPA). • Pink-lipped topshell, Oxystele sinensis (Gmelin, 1791), (TMNP MPA). Caenogastropoda Family Epitoniidae • Wentletrap sea snail, Epitonium kraussi (Nyst, 1873), (TMNP MPA). Family Janthinidae • Bubble raft shell or violet snail, Janthina janthina Linnaeus, 1758 (Cape Columbine to Mozambique) • Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822), recorded as syn. Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822 (Lambert's Bay to Mossel Bay) • Slipper limpet, Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal north coast) • Furry ridged triton, Cabestana africana Adams A. 1855 (also as Cabestana cutacea africana Namibia to southern Mozambique) Family Cypraeidae – true cowries • Cypraeovula algoensis (J. E. Gray, 1825), (TMNP MPA). • Cypraeovula iutsui Shikama, 1974 recorded as syn. Cypraea iutsui (Olifants River Mouth to Port Alfred)) Family Littorinidae • African periwinkle, Afrolittorina africana (R. A. Philippi, 1847), recorded as syn. Nodilittorina africana (Philippi, 1847), (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal) • Southern periwinkle, Afrolittorina knysnaensis (R. A. Philippi, 1847), (TMNP MPA) Family Naticidae – necklace shells • Mottled necklace shell, Tectonatica tecta (Anton, 1838), recoerded as syn. Natica tecta Anton, 1839 (Namibia to Eastern Cape) Family Ranellidae • Single-ridged triton, Ranella gemmifera Euthyme, 1889 also recorded as syn.Ranella australasia gemmifera (Cape Point to Durban) syn. Trivia magnidentata (Cape Town to East London) Family Babyloniidae • Spotted , woven whelk, Zemiropsis papillaris (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825), (False Bay to eastern Transkei) Family Columbellidae • Dove snail, well-ribbed dovesnail, Anachis kraussii (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844), (TMNP MPA). Family Conidae – cone shells • Algoa cone, Conus algoensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1834 (Cape Columbine to Cape Agulhas) • Sandy marginella, Marginella piperata Hinds, 1844 (Cape Point to KwaZulu-Natal north coast) • Stag shell, Poropteron graagae (Coen, 1947), recorded as syn. Pteropurpura (Poropteron) graagae (Coen, 1947) (Eastern Cape to northern KwaZulu-Natal) • Hooked murex, Poropteron uncinarius (Lamarck, 1822), recorded as syn. Pteropurpurea (Poropteron) uncinaria (Lamarck, 1822), and Pteropurpura uncinaria (Lamarck, 1822), (Namibia to Port Alfred) • Purple-lipped dogwhelk, Nassarius speciosus (Adams, A., 1852) (Orange river to Transkei) ===== Superfamily Acteonoidea - Lined bubble shells ===== Family Acteonidae • Rictaxis albus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1874)(False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal probable syn. for Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) Family Bullidae • Mottled bubble shell, Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 (whole South African coast, Indo-Pacific) • Variable sea hare, Aplysia juliana Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 (Blougbergstrand to Mozambique) Family Hermaeidae • Samurai sap sucker, Table Bay nudibranch, Aplysiopsis sinusmensalis (Macnae, 1954) (both sides of the Cape Peninsula) • Choc chip nudibranch, Aphelodoris sp.1, (TMNP MPA). There has been some confusion or disagreement as to whether the local species are D. areolata or D. miniata or both. • Scribbled nudibranch, Doriopsilla miniata (Alder and Hancock, 1864) (Atlantic coast Cape Peninsula to Sodwana Bay, also Mediterranean, India, Australia and Japan) Family Mandeliidae • Mandela's nudibranch, Mandelia mirocornata Valdés & Gosliner, 1999 (Cape Peninsula, False Bay and Algoa Bay) • Naartjie nudibranch, Atalodoris sp. (TMNP MPA). • Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia lucida (W. Stimpson, 1855), (TMNP MPA). • Crowned nudibranch, Polycera capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Lüderitz, Namibia to Port Alfred, also Sydney Harbour) Family Cuthonidae • Cuthona sp. 1 (both sides Cape Peninsula) • Nippled nudibranch, Janolus sp. (South Paw, off Clifton, Cape Peninsula) Family Embletoniidae • Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928 (western False Bay, also Japan, New Caledonia, Australia and Hawaii) • Coral nudibranch, Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) (False Bay to Sodwana Bay, also Japan and Australia) Family Glaucidae • Sea swallow, blue glaucus, Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal, circumtropical). • Ribbed false-limpet, Siphonaria concinna G. B. Sowerby I, 1823, (TMNP MPA). • Butterfly wedge-shell, Latona sordida (Hanley, 1845), recorded as syn. Donax sordidus Hanley, 1845. (TMNP MPA). Order Carditida Family Carditidae • Rough false cockle, Cardita caliculaeformis Deshayes, 1863. (TMNP MPA). • Dead man's hands, Thecalia concamerata (Gmelin, 1791) (Port Nolloth to Transkei) • Ribbed mussel, Aulacomya atra (Molina, 1782) (Namibia to Eastern Cape) recorded as syn. Aulacomya ater • Black mussel, Choromytilus meridionalis (Krauss, 1848) (Namibia to Tsitsikamma) Order Pectinida Family Pectinidae – scallops • South African scallop, edible scallop, Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby II, 1842 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape) • Gilchrist's tellin, Moerella tulipa (Hanley, 1844) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape) • Mottled venus, Sunetta bruggeni Fischer-Piette, 1974, recorded as syn. Sunetta contempta bruggeni Fischer & Piette, 1974 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal) ==Brachiopoda – lampshells==

Order Lingulida Family Discinidae • Disc lamp shell, Discinisca tenuis (Sowerby, 1847), (TMNP MPA). Order Terebratulida Family Kraussinidae • Lamp shell, Kraussina crassicostata Jackson, 1952 (Cape Point to Mossel Bay) • Ruby lamp shell, Kraussina rubra (Pallas, 1766) (Lüderitz to southern KwaZulu-Natal) ==Echinoderms==

Crinoidea – feather stars Order Comatulida Family Antedonidae • Feather star, Annametra occidentalis (AH Clark, 1915), (TMNP MPA). Family Comatulidae • Common feather star, Comanthus wahlbergii (Muller, 1843), (False Bay to Mozambique). • Red starfish, Callopatiria granifera (Gray, 1847) (Namibia to Durban) • Many-armed starfish Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray, 1840) (Saldanha Bay to False Bay) Order Velatida Family Pterasteridae • Brooding cushion star, Pteraster capensis Gray, 1847 (Lüderitz to Durban) Family Ophiactidae • Snake-star, Ophiactis carnea Ljungman, 1867, (TMNP MPA). Order Ophiurida Family Ophiotrichidae • Hairy brittle star, Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, 1789) (Lüderitz to Durban) Family Phyllophoridae • Golden sea cucumber, Thyone aurea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (Lüderitz to False Bay) ==Chaetognatha – Arrow worms==

Family Sagittidae • Common arrow worm, Sagitta sp. (TMNP MPA). ==Hemichordata==

Class Enteropneusta Family Ptychoderidae • Cape acorn worm, Balanoglossus capensis Gilchrist, 1908, (TMNP MPA). ==Tunicates== Order Aplousobranchia Family Clavelinidae • Bell ascidian, Clavelina lepadiformis (Muller, 1776) (False Bay to Port Elizabeth) Family Didemnidae • Lattice ascidian, Didemnum spp. (False Bay to Sodwana Bay) Family Polycitoridae • Foam ascidian, Polycitor porrecta (Millar, 1962), (TMNP MPA). Family Cionidae • Transparent ascidian, sea vase, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) (whole coast, cosmopolitan) Order Stolidobranchia Family Pyuridae • Herdman's redbait, Pyura herdmani (Drasche, 1884) (Walvis Bay to Durban) • Red bait, Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878) (Namibia to Durban) Family Styelidae • Ladder ascidian, Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816) (West coast of Africa to southern KwaZulu-Natal) • White-ringed ascidian, Botrylloides magnicoecum (Hartmeyer, 1912) (Orange River to Durban) syn. Botryllus magnicoecus • Fenced ascidian, Botryllus closionis Monniot, Monniot, Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 (Atlantic coast Cape Peninsula) • Seaweed ascidian, Botryllus elegans (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (Lüderitz to Cape Agulhas) • Variable ascidian, Botryllus gregalis (Sluiter, 1898) (Cape Columbine to Durban) • Meandering ascidian, Botryllus maeandrius (Sluiter, 1898) (Cape Peninsula to Mossel Bay) • Golden star ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) (Cape Columbine to Port St Johns (alien)) • , Gynandrocarpa placenta (Herdman, 1886) (Cape Peninsula to Algoa Bay) • Angular ascidian, Styela angularis (Stimpson, 1855) (Atlantic coast of Cape Peninsula to Port Elizabeth) ==Cephalochordata – Lancelets==

Family Branchiostomatidae • Cape lancelet, Branchiostoma capense Gilchrist, 1902, (TMNP MPA). ==Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges==

• Agulhas Bank, Western Cape • Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, • Bashee River, Eastern Cape • Beira, Mozambique • Blaauwberg, Western Cape, • Cape Agulhas, Western Cape, • Cape Columbine, Western Cape, • Cape Frio, Namibia, • Cape of Good Hope, Western Cape, (sometimes used historically to refer to the Cape Province, or South Africa) • Cape Peninsula, Western Cape • Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape, • Dassen Island, Western Cape, • Dassie Point, False Bay, • Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, • Doring Bay (Doringbaai), Western Cape, • Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, • East London, Eastern Cape, • Elands Bay, Western Cape, • False Bay, Western Cape, • Gordon's Bay Western Cape • Hermanus, Western Cape, • Hout Bay, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, • Inhaca, Mozambique, • Jeffrey's Bay, Eastern Cape, • Kei River, Eastern Cape, • Knysna, Western Cape, • Kommetjie, Western Cape, • Kosi Bay, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, • Lamberts Bay, Western Cape, • Langebaan Lagoon, Western Cape, • Limpopo River, Mozambique, • Lüderitz, Namibia, • Mabibi, (Mbibi) Kwa-Zulu-Natal, • Mazeppa Bay, Eastern Cape, • Melkbosstrand, Western Cape, • Miller's Point, Cape Peninsula, • Mossel Bay, Western Cape, • Möwe Point (Namibia), (Möwe Point lighthouse) • Muizenberg, False Bay, Western Cape, • Noordhoek, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, • Olifants River (Western Cape) • Onrust River, Western Cape, • Orange River, Northern Cape, • Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, • Port Alfred, Eastern Cape, • Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, • Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, • Port St. Johns, KwaZulu-Natal, • Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, • Rooikrans, Cape Peninsula • Saldanha Bay, Western Cape, • Slangkop, Cape Peninsula, • Smitswinkel Bay, False Bay, Western Cape, • Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal, • Storms River, Eastern Cape, • Strandfontein, False Bay, Western Cape, • Strandfontein, Western Cape, • Swakopmund, Namibia, • Table Bay, Western Cape, • Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape, • Umtata River • Vulcan Rock, Cape Peninsula, • Walvis Bay, Namibia, • Windmill Beach Simon's Town, Cape Peninsula, • Xora River, Eastern Cape, ==See also==