is another In architecture the style's main characteristics are flattened, cusped "Tudor"
arches, lighter stone
trims around
windows and
doors, carved brick detailing, steep roof
gables, often
terra-cotta brickwork,
balustrades and
parapets,
pillars supporting
porches and high
chimneys as in the Elizabethan style. Examples of this style are
Harlaxton Manor in Lincolnshire (
illustration),
Mentmore Towers in
Buckinghamshire and
Sandringham House in
Norfolk, England. In June 1835, when the competition was announced for designs for new
Houses of Parliament, the terms asked for designs either in the Gothic or the Elizabethan style. The seal was set on the
Gothic Revival as a national style, even for the grandest projects on the largest scale; at the same time, the competition introduced the possibility of an
Elizabethan revival. Of the ninety-seven designs submitted, six were in a self-described "Elizabethan" style. In 1838, with the Gothic revival well under way in Britain,
Joseph Nash, trained in
A. W. N. Pugin's office designing Gothic details, struck out on his own with a lithographed album
Architecture of the Middle Ages: Drawn from Nature and on Stone in 1838. Casting about for a follow-up, Nash extended the range of
antiquarian interests forward in time with his next series of
lithographs
The Mansions of England in the Olden Time 1839–1849, which accurately illustrated Tudor and Jacobean great houses, interiors as well as exteriors, made lively with furnishings and peopled by inhabitants in
ruffs and
farthingales, the quintessence of "
Merrie Olde England". A volume of text accompanied the fourth and last volume of plates in 1849, but it was Nash's
picturesque illustrations that popularised the style and created a demand for the variations on the English Renaissance styles that was the essence of the newly revived "Jacobethan" vocabulary. Two young architects already providing Jacobethan buildings were
James Pennethorne and
Anthony Salvin, both later knighted. Salvin's Jacobethan
Harlaxton Manor, near
Grantham, Lincolnshire, its first sections completed in 1837, is the great example that defines the style. (formerly Viceregal Lodge) in
Shimla is an example of the Jacobethan style outside England The
Jacobethan Revival survived the late 19th century and became a part of the commercial builder's repertory through the first 20 years of the 20th century. Apart from its origins in the United Kingdom, the style became popular both in Canada and throughout the United States during those periods, for sturdy "baronial" dwellings in a free Renaissance style. A key exponent of the style in Britain was
T. G. Jackson. Some examples can also be found in buildings in the former British Empire, such as
Rashtrapati Niwas, the former Viceregal Lodge at
Shimla in India. Excellent examples of the style in the United States are Coxe Hall, Williams Hall, and Medbury Hall, which define the West and North sides of the quadrangle of
Hobart College in
Geneva, NY. Further examples include Kellas, Sage, Slocum, and Weaver Halls, as well as the former Alumnae Chapel (recently converted to the Alice Dodge Wallace '38 Center for the Performing Arts) at the
Emma Willard School in Troy, NY. ==See also==