Joachim Patinir

'', oil on panel, 17 × 21 cm, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp Originally from Dinant or Bouvignes in present-day Wallonia, Belgium, Patinir was registered as a member of Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke in 1515. He lived and worked in Antwerp for the rest of his life. He may have initially studied in Bruges with Gerard David, who registered as a member of the Antwerp Guild in the same year as Patinir. In 1511, Patinir is believed to have travelled to Genoa with David and Adrien Ysenbrandt. '', oil on oak, 59.5 × 77 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Patinir married first to Francisca Buyst, a daughter of the painter Edward Buyst of Dendermonde. After the death of his first wife he married Johanna Noyts, on 5 May 1521. Patinir's friend Albrecht Dürer attended his second wedding and painted his portrait. Dürer called Patinir "der gute Landschaftsmaler" ("the good landscape painter"), thus creating a new word for this type of painter. He had three daughters, two from the first marriage and one from the second. He operated a large workshop with assistants in Antwerp but he is not known to have registered any pupils with the Antwerp guild. Patinir died in Antwerp in 1524. Quentin Metsys became the guardian of his daughters. ==Work==

There are only five paintings signed by Patinir, but many other works have been attributed to him or his workshop with varying degrees of probability. The ones that are signed read: (Opus) Joachim D. Patinier, the "D" in his signature signifying Dionantensis ("of Dinant"), reflecting his place of origin. A 2007 exhibition at the Museo del Prado in Madrid displayed 21 pictures listed as by Patinir or his workshop, and catalogued a further eight which were not in the exhibition. ), juxtaposed with photographs of the dramatic rock pinnacles of Dinant : Landscape with Charon Crossing the Styx, oil on panel, 64 × 103cm Prado, Madrid Patinir often let his landscapes dwarf his figures, which are of very variable quality. The larger ones were sometimes painted by other artists. Such specialisation had become common in the Low Countries at the time. Many of his works are unusually large for Netherlandish panel paintings of the time. Patinir's large vistas combine observation of naturalistic detail with lyrical fantasy. The steep outcrops of rocks in his landscapes are more spectacular versions of the group of very individual formations just around his native Dinant. These became a part of the world landscape formula, and are found in the works of many painters who never saw the originals. His landscapes use a high viewpoint with a high horizon, but his grasp of aerial perspective is far from complete. He uses a consistent and effective colour scheme in his landscapes, which was influential on later landscape painting. The foreground is dominated by brownish shades, while "the middle ground [is] a bluish green and the background a pale blue", creating an effective sense of recession into the distance; "When combined with the frequently hard-toned browns, greens and blues that alternate with significant areas of white, a sense of impending doom is created by the threatening clouds, the capricious and sharply pointed contours of the rocks and the crowding together of natural elements." ==Selected works==

File:Joachim Patinier, Tentation de saint Antoine, musée du Prado, Madrid, inv. P 1615.jpg|The Temptation of Saint Anthony, collaboration with Matsys, , oil on panel, 173× 155 cm, Prado, Madrid File:Paisaje con san Jerónimo, Joachim Patinir, Museo del Prado.jpg|Landscape with St Jerome, 1515–1519, oil on panel, , Prado, Madrid File:Joachim Patinir, Landscape with St John the Baptist Preaching, Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.jpg|Landscape with St John the Baptist Preaching, oil on oak, , Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium File:Joachim Patinir - Rest during the Flight to Egypt, Museo del Prado.jpg|Rest on the Flight into Egypt, oil on panel, , Museo del Prado, Madrid File:Joachim Patinir, St Christopher Bearing the Christ Child, Rockox House, Antwerp.jpg|St Christopher Bearing the Christ Child, oil on panel, , Rockoxhuis, Antwerp File:Joachim Patinir - St Jerome in the Desert - WGA17100.jpg|St Jerome in the Desert, , oil on panel, , Louvre, Paris File:Joachim Patinir - Triptych - WGA17104.jpg|The Penitence of Saint Jerome, –15, triptych, oil on wood, , each wing , Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York File:Joachim Patinir, The Rest on The Flight into Egypt, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.jpg|Rest on the Flight into Egypt, 1515–1524, on wood, 62 × 78 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin File:Joachim Patinir 010.jpg|Landscape with the Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, , oil on panel, , Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam File:PatenierChristopher.jpg|Landscape with Saint Christopher, , oil on panel, , El Escorial, Monasterio de San Lorenzo, Spain File:Joachim Patinir - The Assumption of the Virgin, with the Nativity, the Resurrection, the Adoration of the Magi, the As... - Google Art Project.jpg|The Assumption of the Virgin, with the Nativity, the Resurrection, the Adoration of the Magi, the Ascension of Christ, Saint Mark and an Angel, and Saint Luke and an Ox, –20, oil on panel, , Philadelphia Museum of Art ==See also==