Leadership election In the wake of Labour's second defeat at the Scottish Parliament election of May 2011, which saw the
Scottish National Party (SNP) form its first majority government, Gray announced his intention to step down as leader of the Labour MSPs later that year. Lamont declared her candidacy for the
leadership election in September 2011 and launched her campaign on 7 November at
Stirling University. She told delegates that Labour needed to reengage with the electorate if it wanted to govern again: "We must listen and learn, show humility and seek again to talk for and to people's ambitions and concerns. Our real challenge is that we in Labour lost our way, lost our confidence and lost Scotland." Harris's campaign centred on the belief that Labour had to "[re-establish] itself as the party of aspiration", or it would risk becoming "an irrelevance". Macintosh felt the party had focused too heavily on its traditional support in the
Central Belt while paying less attention to rural communities. In her acceptance speech, Lamont told party activists, "Together we will change the Scottish Labour Party and win the chance to serve the people of Scotland again and make Scotland all that we know it can be." On the same day, MP
Anas Sarwar was elected to the position of Deputy that Lamont had vacated. Gray was not included, as he had expressed a wish to take a break from frontline politics. Lamont announced a major shakeup of the Labour frontbench team on 28 June 2013. Gray returned to replace Macintosh as the party's finance spokesman. Macdonald was appointed chief whip, and his previous role as Shadow Justice Minister was given to
Graeme Pearson. Baillie was moved from Health to Social Justice and Welfare. Boyack kept her role in Local Government and Planning. Speaking about the reshuffle, Lamont said, "We have made a great deal of progress in the last 18 months but we have to keep moving forward." Attributing the party's losses to its failure to engage with the electorate, she told the programme that Labour needed to speak up for the interests of the Scottish people, and accept more devolved powers for the Scottish Parliament. In January 2012, as the SNP Government prepared for a referendum on Scottish independence, she spoke out in defence of Scotland's position in the United Kingdom after First Minister Salmond claimed that the country was not an equal partner in the union. Along with
Ruth Davidson and
Willie Rennie, the respective leaders of the Scottish Conservatives and the
Scottish Liberal Democrats, and Deputy First Minister Sturgeon, Lamont added her signature to a February 2012 letter urging
Glasgow City Council to decline an application by the
Scottish Defence League to stage a march through the city. The group, an offshoot of the
far-right English Defence League, subsequently withdrew their application, and a "static" demonstration was held instead. Lamont gave her first conference speech as party leader at Scottish Labour's conference in March 2012, setting out an agenda for rebuilding confidence in the party. Later the same month she welcomed the passing of the
Scotland Bill, which devolved further powers to Scotland in accordance with the recommendations of the
Calman Commission, praising it as "an important development of devolution". In May 2012 she participated in the Scottish Parliament debate paying tribute to
Queen Elizabeth as the UK celebrated her
Diamond Jubilee. Lamont commented, "60 years in the one job is good going – I've been in this one for just six months and some days, I have to say, it feels like 60 years – so we recognise the scale of the achievement of the particular, very strong woman." Lamont was a guest on the 7 June 2012 edition of the BBC's political debate programme
Question Time.
Standing in the polls A poll conducted by
Ipsos MORI in December 2011 as Lamont took control of Scottish Labour indicated that the party had an approval rating of 26%, almost half that of the Scottish National Party with 51%. A survey by the same organisation in June 2012 showed an improvement for Labour, with 32% against the Nationalists' 45%. The same poll indicated a personal approval rating for Lamont of 9%, compared to 13% for Salmond. A poll conducted by Ipsos MORI on behalf of STV in September 2013 indicated that 37% of respondents were satisfied with Labour's performance compared to 41% for the SNP. That survey found that Lamont had a personal approval rating of +6%, against +8% for Salmond. Another Ipsos MORI poll for STV in December 2013 showed Labour on 34% with 36% for the SNP, while Lamont had overtaken Salmond in terms of personal approval with +9 for her compared to +7 for the First Minister. A poll on the issue of Scottish independence conducted by
TNS-BMRB in December 2013 gave Lamont an approval rating of 6% among women and 8% among men, compared with 22% and 30% respectively for Salmond. 41% of respondents to that survey were unaware of her role as Scottish Labour leader, a figure rising to 62% among those aged 16–34.
Local elections and by-elections Lamont launched Labour's
2012 local election campaign in Edinburgh on 17 April 2012, setting out policies for creating employment and training opportunities as well as improvements to education and childcare. Claiming that the SNP Government had passed on 89 per cent of the
spending cuts imposed by the
UK Government, she compared the Nationalists to
the businessman criticised for his role in the
financial collapse of
Glasgow Rangers Football Club, saying, "Putting the SNP in charge of a council is like putting Craig Whyte in charge of your tax return." Retaining control of Glasgow City Council, where Labour was facing a strong challenge from the SNP, was another of the party's key objectives. The
2013 Dunfermline by-election was triggered by the resignation of the SNP's
Bill Walker in the wake of his conviction on several accounts of domestic abuse. On the eve of the poll,
Alan Cochrane of
The Daily Telegraph described it as an election Labour could not afford to lose because, "For [Lamont's] personal prestige, her candidate simply must win." but Curtice said that if the results were repeated across Scotland, the SNP would still be the majority party at the next election. Labour also increased their support at other by-elections. At the
2013 Aberdeen Donside by-election in June, held after the death of the SNP's
Brian Adam, Labour reduced the SNP majority from 7,789 to 2,025. The
2014 Cowdenbeath by-election was held following the death of Labour MSP Helen Eadie. The campaign was fought on issues such as education, employment and care for the elderly, and saw Labour increase their share of the vote, with an 11.25 per cent swing from the SNP and a majority of 5,488.
Scottish independence and enhanced devolution ,
Gordon Brown and
Margaret Curran at the launch of United with Labour Lamont was a prominent figure in the
Better Together Campaign, the cross-party political movement founded to keep Scotland as part of the United Kingdom following the SNP's announcement of a
referendum on Scottish independence in 2014. She was outspoken in her opposition to Scottish independence, using a keynote speech at UK Labour's 2013 conference in
Brighton to accuse the SNP of nurturing hostility between Scotland and the rest of the UK, and describing nationalism as a "virus that has affected so many nations and done so much harm". Lamont is in favour of greater devolved powers for the Scottish Parliament, and established a Commission to look at how this can be achieved.
2014 referendum and Better Together campaign After taking office as Labour leader in December 2011, Lamont urged First Minister Salmond to set a date for the referendum, arguing in her leadership acceptance speech that uncertainty over the referendum's timeline was having a negative impact on Scotland. The Scottish Government confirmed the referendum question on 25 January 2012, and announced on 21 March 2013 that the referendum would be held on 18 September 2014. Lamont told Scottish Labour's 2012 annual conference she wanted her party's campaign to be one of "collective leadership" against independence, a strategy which she envisaged would become a cross-party movement arguing the case for keeping Scotland in the UK. At the Scottish Conservative Party conference a few weeks later, party leader
Ruth Davidson called for Lamont and her opponents to work together. The Better Together Campaign, fronted by former
chancellor of the exchequer Alistair Darling, was launched at an event attended by Lamont and other senior Scottish political figures at Edinburgh's
Napier University on 25 June 2012. The Scottish Government published ''
Scotland's Future'', a
white paper setting out its vision for an independent Scotland, on 26 November 2013. Lamont dismissed it as "670 pages of assertion and uncertainty". Addressing the
Shadow Cabinet of UK Labour leader
Ed Miliband on 28 January 2014, Lamont warned that Scots could vote for independence if they believed Labour was unlikely to win the
2015 UK general election.
Opinion polls showed an increase in support for the Yes campaign as the referendum approached. On 8 September 2014,
Gordon Brown set out plans for greater devolved powers for Holyrood in the event of a No vote. Lamont joined
Ruth Davidson and
Willie Rennie in giving her backing to the proposals the following day, but Salmond dismissed them as "a retreading, a repackaging, a re-timetabling" of previous promises. Prime Minister
David Cameron and Opposition leader
Ed Miliband cancelled their appearance at
Prime Minister's Questions to travel to Scotland to campaign for a No vote. On 18 September, Scotland voted to reject independence with a majority of 2,001,926 to 1,617,989. Salmond announced his intention to resign as First Minister and SNP leader on 19 September, shortly after the result of the referendum was confirmed. Lamont paid tribute to him, describing him as "an immense figure in Scottish political history".
Labour's Commission on devolution At the Scottish Labour Party Conference in March 2012, Lamont announced her intention to establish a Commission to examine the prospect of a fully devolved Scottish Parliament. But party members opposed it, warning that the plans could threaten the
Barnett formula, the financial mechanism under which Scotland receives an annual average of £1,600 per head more in UK Government spending than does the rest of the UK. a claim that Guy Lodge and Alan Trench of the
Institute for Public Policy Research called "highly disingenuous" because income tax makes up only 23% of the taxes collected by the UK Government. The Commission's final report,
Powers for a Purpose was published on 18 March 2014, setting out recommendations that would be implemented if Scotland voted no in the referendum, and Labour were elected in 2015. The proposals included allowing the Scottish Parliament to raise as much as 40% of its annual revenue, and giving it greater leeway to vary income tax rates from those in the rest of the UK. The Commission also recommended devolving responsibility in some other fiscal areas, such as the payment of
Housing Benefit and the possible levy of a
mansion tax in Scotland, but decided against taking charge of other financial matters, including
state pensions,
National Insurance and tariffs on
North Sea oil. Lamont described the proposals as "the right balance between fiscal accountability and insuring us against risk". Ben Thomson, chair of the cross-party Devo Plus
think tank argued the plans were "just tinkering with the current system" and would allow the SNP to "say that the unionist parties aren't interested in real devolution". Deputy First Minister Sturgeon welcomed the prospect of increased devolution, but said a vote for independence was the only way to ensure greater powers for Scotland as "there [was] no guarantee that any new powers would be delivered in the event of a no vote".
Free public services debate In September 2012, Lamont announced a policy review of Scotland's universal benefits, signalling that a future Labour administration would reverse many of the free services introduced since power was devolved to Scotland. Launching the review at an address to party delegates in Edinburgh, she questioned whether services such as prescriptions and tuition feeswhich are free in Scotlandshould continue to be available to all, regardless of income, and suggested the situation was unsustainable: "I believe our resources must go to those in greatest need ... Salmond's most cynical trick was to make people believe that more was free, when the poorest are paying for the tax breaks for the rich ... Scotland cannot be the only something-for-nothing country in the world."
Owen Jones of
The Independent suggested it was "a baffling political strategy to outflank the SNP from the right". Lamont returned to the issue of universal tuition fees again in a speech in Glasgow on 17 December 2012 to mark the first anniversary of her election as Labour leader. She suggested that the
Graduate Endowment, a system abolished by the SNP Government, could be reinstated if Labour were re-elected at the
next Scottish parliamentary election. Ian Grant, a retired college principal, welcomed her comments as "courageous", but Jamie Kinlochan, a member of the
National Union of Students Scotland expressed concerns that students would be discouraged by extra financial costs on top of loans and other expenses. In January 2014, Lamont and Scottish Labour faced criticism after the party voted against an SNP motion that included the introduction of free school meals for pupils in their first three years of
primary education, and a commitment to childcare for pre-school children. The motion was later passed by a majority of 67–46. In
The Daily Telegraph, Cochrane wrote that the strategy had allowed the SNP to claim Labour opposed the principle of free school meals because they "fell for a bit of skulduggery that Ms Lamont and her business managers should have seen coming a mile off".
Falkirk candidate selection row and Grangemouth dispute In 2013, Labour and
Police Scotland launched separate investigations into
claims that officials of the
Unite union had signed their members up to Labour to get their preferred candidate adopted to represent the party in the
Falkirk constituency. The union officials were later cleared of any wrongdoing. It was later claimed that key evidence thought to have been retracted had not been withdrawn, prompting several Falkirk councillors to urge Miliband to publish details of the party's internal inquiry or to hold a fresh investigation. Later the same day, Labour said that it would not be reopening the investigation. Miliband subsequently said that a new investigation was unnecessary. On 8 December the former MSP
Karen Whitefield was selected to contest the seat. The report into Labour's inquiry was leaked to the media in February 2014, and concluded there was "no doubt" that Unite had attempted to manipulate the selection process. In October 2013 Lamont faced criticism for her reaction to an industrial dispute at the
Grangemouth Oil Refinery.
Ineos, the company that operates the plant, had stated that the refinery was making financial losses, and had proposed a survival plan requiring employees to accept worse employment terms, notably changes in work rules and less generous pensions; this the employees rejected. The company mothballed the plant, threatening to close it if the terms were not accepted. The Ineos chairman, Calum MacLean, described Lamont's support for the trade unions during the dispute as "deeply irresponsible", while Salmond claimed she had been silent throughout the disagreement.
Resignation Scotland voted by a 10% margin against independence, but the referendum returned "Yes" votes in some traditional Labour strongholds, particularly Glasgow and
North Lanarkshire, prompting media speculation about Lamont's future as the party's leader. while
The Herald reported that party delegates concerned about the results had started to view Murphy as a possible successor. Lamont had attempted to quash rumours of a leadership challenge at the 25 September 2014 session of First Minister's Questions, the first of the post-referendum era. "When the First Minister is long gone I will still be doing my job on behalf of the people of Scotland." Her position remained uncertain. Alan Cochrane wrote that many Labour MPs in Scotland feared losing their seats at the 2015 general election without a change of leadership. Shortly afterwards, his predecessor,
Henry McLeish suggested Labour had ceded "enormous ground to the SNP unnecessarily" because its supporters no longer understood "what the party stands for". Lamont's resignation as Labour leader was reported by media outlets on the evening of 24 October 2014, following the publication of an interview with the
Daily Record in which she announced her intention to step down with immediate effect. She told the newspaper that she was resigning because Labour's Westminster leadership had undermined her attempts to reform the party in Scotland, and treated Scottish Labour "like a branch office of London." In her letter of resignation, submitted to Scottish Labour Party Chairman Jamie Glackin, Lamont accused "senior members of the party" of questioning her role and said that she was taking herself "out of the equation" to allow Scottish Labour to have a discussion about the best way forward. Anas Sarwar became Labour's acting leader. On 26 October, following a meeting of the party's executive committee, he outlined the details of a
leadership election, which would be held using the three-tier electoral college, and conclude with the announcement of a new leader on 13 December. Murphy, Boyack and
Neil Findlay stood in the subsequent contest, with Murphy elected as Lamont's successor. Lamont did not vote for Murphy in the election, but instead chose to back his rivals. Miliband paid tribute to Lamont shortly after she announced that she intended to relinquish the leadership role, saying she had "led the Scottish Labour Party with determination". McLeish and McConnell both indicated that Lamont's sudden departure following weeks of speculation could have implications for Miliband's leadership. McLeish said that Miliband's chance of becoming prime minister could be affected if Labour returned fewer Scottish MPs in 2015, something he called a problem of "historic, epic proportions",
Ed Balls, the
Shadow Chancellor, rejected Lamont's claims about UK Labour's treatment of its Scottish counterpart. Ian Davidson claimed that supporters of Murphy, who subsequently announced his intention to stand in the leadership contest to succeed Lamont, had conducted a
whispering campaign against her. He further suggested that those on the right of the party had resented her election as leader and ignored her, treating her as a "wee lassie". ==Post leadership==