John Manley

Manley was born in Ottawa, Ontario, and attended Bell High School. He received a BA from Carleton University in 1971 and an LL.B. from the University of Ottawa in 1976. He also studied at the University of Lausanne. Manley was called to the Ontario bar in 1978. After law school Manley clerked under Bora Laskin, the Chief Justice of Canada. He joined the Ottawa firm Perley, Robertson, Panet, Hill and McDougall, specializing in tax law. ==Cabinet career==

John Manley was first elected as a Member of Parliament in the 1988 election. When the Liberals came to power under Jean Chrétien following the 1993 election he became Minister of Industry. During his time in Industry, Manley was a staunch supporter of Canada-based research and development, and also of increased technology use in public schools. As Industry Minister, in January 2000 Manley proposed a multimillion dollar rescue package for cash-strapped Canadian National Hockey League teams, but withdrew the proposal within 48 hours following criticism that there were better uses for public funds. Manley was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2000. He was responsible for the establishment of the Smart Border Declaration, a proactive strategy to address Canada-U.S. security issues following the September 11 attacks in 2001. In October 2001, Manley was named chairman of a special cabinet committee on security that revamped immigration rules, antiterrorism laws, regulations on arrest and detention, and border procedures. Manley had good working relationships with U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell and U.S. Homeland Security chief Tom Ridge, and the director of Toronto's Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies said "Under Manley, the government of Canada talks to Washington, not at it." In May 2002, Chrétien appointed Manley as Minister of Finance, following the departure of Paul Martin. Manley's 2003 federal budget laid out billions of dollars in new spending, primarily for health-care, child-care, and First Nations. It also introduced new accountability features to help limit federal waste. ==Liberal leadership==

2003 Liberal leadership election When Jean Chrétien announced his decision to retire, Manley was seen by many as the prime minister's logical successor given his roles as deputy prime minister and as chair of the important economic and social policy cabinet committees. Martin offered Manley a role as Ambassador to the United States, which Manley declined for personal and family reasons. Later in 2003, Manley announced his retirement from politics. Manley was mentioned again as a possible contender for the leadership of the Liberal Party after Stéphane Dion's resignation following the October 14, 2008 election that resulted in a larger minority Conservative government. On November 4, 2008 Manley announced that he would not be a candidate. ==Membership on commissions and inquiries==

Report on Canada's Mission in Afghanistan On October 12, 2007, Manley was appointed by Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper to head an independent, non-partisan panel reviewing Canada's mission and future role in Afghanistan, a position he had discussed with Liberal leader Stéphane Dion beforehand. Both Dion and Liberal Foreign Affairs critic Bob Rae had encouraging words for the panel. Manley has served as Chair of the Advisory Council of the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, a Fellow of the C.D. Howe Institute, and as Chair of the Canadian branch of the Trilateral Commission. He is a member of the International Advisory Council of the Brookings Institution and the Global Advisory Council of the Wilson Center. He has served on the boards of the not-for-profits CARE Canada, MaRS, the National Arts Centre Foundation, the University of Waterloo, the Conference Board of Canada, and the Institute for Research on Public Policy. ==Private sector positions==

On May 18, 2004, Manley joined the law firm McCarthy Tétrault as counsel, working in their Toronto and Ottawa offices. In September 2019, he joined law firm Bennett Jones as a Senior Business Advisor as part of the Governmental Affairs & Public Policy group. From 2010 to 2018, Manley was President and CEO of the not-for-profit Business Council of Canada. John Manley has served as Chair of the Boards of Directors of Nortel, CIBC, CAE Inc. and Telus Communications, and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Pacific Railway. ==Political ideology==

Globe and Mail political columnist Lawrence Martin said Manley is "a broad-perspective pragmatist, who, while spending a lot of time with the Bay Street boys (you do that as an industry minister), has never been captive to them." In an interview for the British think-tank The Bruges Group, Manley said of then-Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's economic spending priorities: "I see commitments on spending programmes that will not necessarily add to Canada's productivity or support economic growth – so I'm one that's a bit worried about the trajectory that we are on". Manley is an advocate for the abolition of the Canadian monarchy. This point of view created quite a controversy when, in response to a reporter's question, he stated "I don't think it's necessary for Canada to continue with the monarchy" during a 2002 tour of Canada by the Queen. Manley served as the Queen's official government escort when her 12-day tour concluded in the national capital region. ==Honours and awards==

John Manley is a Companion of the Order of Canada. Manley holds Honorary Doctorates from the University of Ottawa, Carleton University, the University of Toronto, Western University, the University of Windsor and York University. ==Personal life==

John Manley is married to Judith Manley with whom he has three children. He lives in Ottawa and Rideau Lakes. ==Electoral record==