1960s Teaching and the National Caucus of Labor Committees {{Quote box|width=25%|align=right|salign=right By 1961, the LaRouches were living on
Central Park West in
Manhattan, and LaRouche's activities at that time were mostly focused on his career and not on the SWP. He and his wife separated in 1963, and he moved into a
Greenwich Village apartment with another SWP member, Carol Schnitzer, also known as Larrabee. In 1964 he began an association with an SWP faction called the
Revolutionary Tendency, a faction later expelled from the SWP, and came under the influence of British Trotskyist leader
Gerry Healy. For six months, LaRouche worked with American Healyite leader
Tim Wohlforth, who later wrote that LaRouche had a "gargantuan ego" and "a marvelous ability to place any world happening in a larger context, which seemed to give the event additional meaning, but his thinking was schematic, lacking factual detail and depth." Leaving Wohlforth's group, LaRouche briefly joined the rival
Spartacist League before announcing his intention to build a new
Fifth International. In 1967, LaRouche began teaching classes on Marx's
dialectical materialism at New York City's Free School, and attracted a group of students from
Columbia University and the
City College of New York, recommending that they read
Das Kapital, as well as
Hegel, Kant, and Leibniz. During the
1968 Columbia University protests, he organized his supporters under the name
National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC). By 1973, the NCLC had over 600 members in 25 citiesincluding West Berlin and Stockholmand produced what LaRouche's biographer, Dennis King, called the most literate of the far-left papers,
New Solidarity. The NCLC's internal activities became highly regimented over the next few years. Members gave up their jobs and devoted themselves to the group and its leader, believing it would soon take control of America's trade unions and overthrow the government.
1970s 1971: Intelligence network Robert J. Alexander writes that LaRouche first established an NCLC "intelligence network" in 1971. Members all over the world sent information to NCLC headquarters, which would distribute the information via briefings and other publications. LaRouche organized the network as a series of news services and magazines, which critics say was done to gain access to government officials under press cover. The publications included
Executive Intelligence Review, founded in 1974. Other periodicals under his aegis included
New Solidarity,
Fusion Magazine,
21st Century Science and Technology, and
Campaigner Magazine. His news services and publishers included American System Publications, Campaigner Publications, New Solidarity International Press Service, and The New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Company. LaRouche acknowledged in 1980 that his followers impersonated reporters and others, saying it had to be done for his security. In 1982,
U.S. News & World Report sued New Solidarity International Press Service and Campaigner Publications for damages, alleging that members were impersonating its reporters in phone calls. U.S. sources told
The Washington Post in 1985 that the LaRouche organization had assembled a worldwide network of government and military contacts, and that his researchers sometimes supplied information to government officials.
Bobby Ray Inman, the CIA's deputy director in 1981 and 1982, said LaRouche and his wife had visited him, offering information about the West German Green Party. A CIA spokesman said LaRouche met Deputy Director John McMahon in 1983 to discuss one of LaRouche's trips overseas. An aide to Deputy Secretary of State
William Clark said when LaRouche's associates discussed technology or economics, they made good sense and seemed qualified. Norman Bailey, formerly with the
U.S. National Security Council, said in 1984 that LaRouche's staff comprised "one of the best private intelligence services in the world. ... They do know a lot of people around the world. They do get to talk to prime ministers and presidents." Several government officials feared a security leak from the government's ties with the movement. According to critics, the supposed behind-the-scenes processes were more often flights of fancy than inside information. Douglas Foster wrote in
Mother Jones in 1982 that the briefings consisted of disinformation, "hate-filled" material about enemies, phony letters, intimidation, fake newspaper articles, and dirty tricks campaigns. Opponents were accused of being gay or
Nazis, or were linked to murders, which the movement called "psywar techniques". From the 1970s to the first decade of the 21st century, LaRouche founded several groups and companies. In addition to the National Caucus of Labor Committees, there was the
Citizens Electoral Council (Australia), the National Democratic Policy Committee, the
Fusion Energy Foundation, and the
U.S. Labor Party. In 1984, he founded the
Schiller Institute in Germany with his second wife, and three political parties therethe
Europäische Arbeiterpartei,
Patrioten für Deutschland, and
Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidaritätand in 2000 the
Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement. His printing services included Computron Technologies, Computype, World Composition Services, and PMR Printing Company, Inc, or PMR Associates.
1973: Political shift; "Operation Mop-Up" LaRouche wrote in his 1987 autobiography that violent altercations had begun in 1969 between his NCLC members and several
New Left groups when
Mark Rudd's faction began assaulting LaRouche's faction at Columbia University. Press accounts alleged that between April and September 1973, during what LaRouche called "Operation Mop-Up", NCLC members began physically attacking members of leftist groups that LaRouche classified as "left-protofascists"; an editorial in LaRouche's
New Solidarity said of the
Communist Party that the movement "must dispose of this stinking corpse". Armed with chains, bats, and martial-art
nunchuk sticks, NCLC members assaulted Communist Party, SWP, and
Progressive Labor Party members and
Black Power activists on the streets and during meetings. At least 60 assaults were reported. The operation ended when police arrested several of LaRouche's followers; there were no convictions, and LaRouche maintained they had acted in self-defense. Journalist and LaRouche biographer Dennis King writes that the
FBI may have tried to aggravate the strife, using measures such as anonymous mailings, to keep the groups at each other's throats. LaRouche said he met representatives of the Soviet Union at the United Nations in 1974 and 1975 to discuss attacks by the Communist Party USA on the NCLC and propose a merger, but said he received no assistance from them. One FBI memo, obtained under the
Freedom of Information Act, proposes assisting the CPUSA in an investigation "for the purpose of ultimately eliminating him [LaRouche] and the threat of the NCLC" (see image to left). LaRouche's critics, such as King and
Antony Lerman, allege that in 1973, with little warning, LaRouche adopted more extreme ideas, a process accompanied by a campaign of violence against his opponents on the left, and the development of conspiracy theories and paranoia about his personal safety. According to these accounts, he began to believe he was under threat of assassination from the Soviet Union, the CIA, Libya, drug dealers, and bankers. He also established a "Biological Holocaust Task Force", which, according to LaRouche, analyzed the public health consequences of
International Monetary Fund (IMF) austerity policies for impoverished nations in Africa, and predicted that epidemics of
cholera as well as possibly entirely new diseases would strike Africa in the 1980s.
1973: U.S. Labor Party LaRouche founded the U.S. Labor Party in 1973 as the political arm of the NCLC. At first, the party was "preaching Marxist revolution"; however, by 1977, it shifted from left-wing to
right-wing politics. A two-part article in
The New York Times in 1979 by
Howard Blum and
Paul L. Montgomery alleged that LaRouche had turned the party (at that point with 1,000 members in 37 offices in North America, and 26 in Europe and Latin America) into an extreme-right,
antisemitic organization, despite the presence of
Jewish members. LaRouche denied the newspaper's charges, and said he had filed a $100 million libel suit; his press secretary said the articles were intended to "set up a credible climate for an assassination hit". The
Times alleged that members had taken courses in how to use knives and rifles; that a farm in upstate New York had been used for guerrilla training; and that several members had undergone a six-day anti-terrorist training course run by
Mitchell WerBell III, an arms dealer and former member of the
Office of Strategic Services who said he had ties to the
CIA. Journalists and publications the party regarded as unfriendly were harassed, and it published a list of potential assassins it saw as a threat. LaRouche expected members to devote themselves entirely to the party, place their savings and possessions at its disposal, and take out loans on its behalf. Party officials decided who each member should live with, and if someone left the movement, the remaining member was expected to live separately from the ex-member. LaRouche questioned spouses about their partner's sexual habits, the
Times said, and in one case reportedly ordered a member to stop having sex with his wife, because it was making him "politically impotent".
1973: "Ego-stripping" and "brainwashing" allegations LaRouche began writing in 1973 about the use of certain psychological techniques on recruits. In an article called "Beyond Psychoanalysis", he wrote that a worker's persona had to be stripped away to arrive at a state he called "little me", from which it would be possible to "rebuild their personalities around a new socialist identity", according to
The Washington Post.
The New York Times wrote that the first such sessionwhich LaRouche called "ego-stripping"involved a German member, Konstantin George, in the summer of 1973. LaRouche said that during the session he discovered that a plot to assassinate him had been implanted in George's mind. White ended up telling LaRouche he had been programmed by the CIA and British intelligence to set up LaRouche for assassination by Cuban exile frogmen. According to
The Washington Post, "brainwashing hysteria" took hold of the movement. One activist said he attended meetings where members were writhing on the floor saying they needed de-programming.
1974: Contacts with far-right groups, intelligence gathering LaRouche established contacts with
Willis Carto's
Liberty Lobby and elements of the
Ku Klux Klan in 1974.
Frank Donner and
Randall Rothenberg wrote that he made successful overtures to the Liberty Lobby and
George Wallace's
American Independent Party, adding that the "racist" policies of LaRouche's U.S. Labor Party endeared it to members of the Ku Klux Klan.
George Michael, in
Willis Carto and the American Far Right, says that LaRouche shared with the Liberty Lobby's
Willis Carto an antipathy towards the
Rockefeller family. The Liberty Lobby defended its alliance with LaRouche by saying the U.S. Labor Party had been able to "confuse, disorient, and disunify the Left". George Johnson, in
Architects of Fear, similarly states that LaRouche's overtures to far right groups were pragmatic rather than sincere. A 1975 party memo spoke of uniting with these groups only to overthrow the established order, adding that once that goal had been accomplished, "eliminating our right-wing opposition will be comparatively easy".
Howard Blum wrote in
The New York Times that, from 1976 onward, party members sent reports to the FBI and local police regarding members of left-wing organizations. In 1977, he wrote, commercial reports on U.S. anti-apartheid groups were prepared by LaRouche members for the South African government, student dissidents were reported to the Shah of Iran's
Savak secret police, and the anti-nuclear movement was investigated on behalf of power companies. By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with
Roy Frankhouser, a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the
Ku Klux Klan and the
American Nazi Party. The LaRouche organization believed Frankhouser to be a federal agent who had been assigned to infiltrate right-wing and left-wing groups, and that he had evidence that these groups were actually being manipulated or controlled by the FBI and other agencies. LaRouche and his associates considered Frankhouser to be a valuable intelligence contact, and took his links to extremist groups to be a cover for his intelligence work. Blum wrote, at around this time, that LaRouche's Computron Technologies Corporation included Mobil Oil and Citibank among its clients, that his World Composition Services had one of the most advanced typesetting complexes in the city and had the
Ford Foundation among its clients, and that his PMR Associates produced the party's publications and some high school newspapers. Around the same time, according to Blum, LaRouche was telling his membership several times a year that he was being targeted for assassination, including by the
Queen of the United Kingdom, Zionist mobsters, the
Council on Foreign Relations, the Justice Department, and the
Mossad. According to
The Patriot-News of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, LaRouche said he had been "threatened by Communists, Zionists, narcotics gangsters, the Rockefellers and international terrorists." LaRouche later said:
1975–1976: presidential campaign , FBI Director, called the NCLC a "violence-oriented organization". In 1975, under the name
Lyn Marcus, LaRouche published
Dialectical Economics: An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy, described by its only reviewer as "the most peculiar and idiosyncratic" introduction to economics he had ever seen. Mixing economics, history, anthropology, sociology and a surprisingly large helping of
business administration, the work argued that most prominent Marxists had misunderstood Marx, and that
bourgeois economics arose when philosophy took a wrong,
reductionist turn under
British empiricists like
Locke and
Hume. In 1976, LaRouche campaigned for the first time in a presidential election as a U.S. Labor Party candidate, polling 40,043 votes (0.05%). It was the first of eight consecutive presidential elections in which he ran between 1976 and 2004. It enabled him to attract $5.9 million in federal
matching funds; candidates seeking their party's presidential nomination qualify for matching funds if they raise $5,000 in each of at least 20 states. His platform predicted financial disaster by 1980 accompanied by famine and the virtual extinction of the human race within 15 years, and proposed a debt moratorium; nationalization of banks; government investment in industry especially in the aerospace sector, and an "International Development Bank" to facilitate higher food production. When
Legionnaires' disease appeared in the U.S. that year, he said it was a continuation of the
swine flu outbreak, and that senators who opposed vaccination were suppressing the link as part of a "genocidal policy". His campaign included a paid half-hour television address, which allowed him to air his views before a national audience, something that became a regular feature of his later campaigns. There were protests about this, and about the NCLC's involvement in public life generally. Writing in
The Washington Post,
Stephen Rosenfeld said LaRouche's ideas belonged to the radical right, neo-Nazi fringe, and that his main interests lay in disruption and disinformation; Rosenfeld called the NCLC one of the "chief polluters" of political democracy. Rosenfeld argued that the press should be "chary" of offering them print or airtime: "A duplicitous violence-prone group with fascistic proclivities should not be presented to the public, unless there is reason to present it in those terms." LaRouche wrote in 1999 that this comment had "openly declared ... a policy of malicious lying" against him.
1977: Second marriage in 2005 LaRouche married again in 1977. His wife,
Helga Zepp, was then a leading activist in the
West German branch of the movement. She went on to work closely with LaRouche for the rest of her career, standing for election in Germany in 1980 for his
Europäische Arbeiterpartei (European Workers Party), and founding the
Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984.
1980s National Democratic Policy Committee, "October Surprise" theory From the autumn of 1979, the LaRouche movement conducted most of its U.S. electoral activities as the National Democratic Policy Committee (NDPC), a political action committee. The name drew complaints from the Democratic Party's
Democratic National Committee. Democratic Party leaders refused to recognize LaRouche as a party member, or to seat the few delegates he received in his seven primary campaigns as a Democrat. In its 2019 obituary of LaRouche,
New York magazine reported that LaRouche's attempts to pose as a Democrat were originally an attempt at a spoiler operation to divide the opponents of
Ronald Reagan. LaRouche's campaign platforms advocated a return to the
Bretton Woods system, including a gold-based national and world monetary system; fixed exchange rates; and abolishing the
International Monetary Fund. He supported the replacement of the
central bank system, including the U.S.
Federal Reserve System, with a "national bank"; a war on drug trafficking and prosecution of banks involved in money laundering; building a
tunnel under the Bering Strait; the building of nuclear power plants; and a crash program to build
particle-beam weapons and lasers, including support for elements of the
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). He opposed the Soviet Union and supported a military buildup to prepare for imminent war; supported the screening and quarantine of
AIDS patients; and opposed environmentalism, deregulation, outcome-based education, and abortion: In December 1980, LaRouche and his followers started what came to be known as the "
October Surprise" allegation, namely that in October 1980 Ronald Reagan's campaign staff conspired with the Iranian government during the
Iran hostage crisis to delay the release of 52 American hostages held in Iran, with the aim of helping Reagan win the
1980 United States presidential election against
Jimmy Carter. The Iranians had agreed to this, according to the theory, in exchange for future weapons sales from the Reagan administration. The first publication of the story was in LaRouche's
Executive Intelligence Review on December 2, 1980, followed by his
New Solidarity on September 2, 1983, alleging that
Henry Kissinger, one of LaRouche's regular targets, had met Iran's Ayatollah
Beheshti in Paris, according to Iranian sources in Paris. The theory was later echoed by former Iranian President
Abolhassan Banisadr and former Naval intelligence officer and National Security Council member
Gary Sick.
1983: Move from New York to Loudoun County The Washington Post wrote that LaRouche and his wife moved in August 1983 from New York to a 13-room Georgian mansion on a 250-acre section of the
Woodburn Estate, near
Leesburg,
Loudoun County,
Virginia. The property was owned at the time by a company registered in Switzerland. Companies associated with LaRouche continued to buy property in the area, including part of Leesburg's industrial park, purchased by LaRouche's Lafayette/Leesburg Ltd. Partnership to develop a printing plant and office complex. According to the
Post in 2004, local people who opposed him for any reason were accused in LaRouche publications of being communists, homosexuals, drug pushers, and terrorists. He reportedly accused the Leesburg Garden Club of being a nest of Soviet sympathizers, and a local lawyer who opposed LaRouche on a zoning matter went into hiding after threatening phone calls and a death threat. a spokesperson said that it was necessary because LaRouche was the subject of "assassination conspiracies".
1984: Schiller Institute, television spots, contact with Reagan administration Helga Zepp-LaRouche founded the Schiller Institute in Germany in 1984. In the same year, LaRouche raised enough money to purchase 14 television spots, at $330,000 each, in which he called
Walter Mondale—the Democratic Party's presidential nominee—a Soviet agent of influence, triggering over 1,000 telephone complaints. On April 19, 1986, NBC's
Saturday Night Live aired a sketch satirizing the ads, portraying the Queen of the United Kingdom and Henry Kissinger as drug dealers. LaRouche received 78,773 votes in the 1984 presidential election. In 1984, media reports stated that LaRouche and his aides had met some Reagan administration officials, including Norman Bailey, senior director of international economic affairs for the National Security Council (NSC), and Richard Morris, special assistant to
William P. Clark, Jr. There were also reported contacts with the
Drug Enforcement Administration, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the CIA. The LaRouche campaign said the reporting was full of errors. In 1984 two Pentagon officials spoke at a LaRouche rally in Virginia; a Defense Department spokesman said the Pentagon viewed LaRouche's group as a "conservative group ... very supportive of the administration." White House spokesman
Larry Speakes said the Administration was "glad to talk to" any American citizen who might have information. According to Bailey, the contacts were broken off when they became public. Three years later, LaRouche blamed his criminal indictment on the NSC, saying he had been in conflict with
Oliver North over LaRouche's opposition to the Nicaraguan
Contras. According to a LaRouche publication, a court-ordered search of North's files produced a May 1986 telex from
Iran–Contra defendant General
Richard Secord, discussing the gathering of information to be used against LaRouche. According to King, LaRouche's
Executive Intelligence Review was the first to report important details of the Iran–Contra affair, predicting that a major scandal was about to break months before mainstream media picked up on the story.
Strategic Defense Initiative , which housed the
Fusion Energy Foundation in the 1980s. The LaRouche campaign supported Reagan's
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Dennis King wrote that LaRouche had been speculating about space-based weaponry as early as 1975. He set up the Fusion Energy Foundation, which held conferences and tried to cultivate scientists, with some success. In 1979, FEF representatives attended a Moscow conference on
laser fusion. LaRouche began to promote the use of lasers and related technologies for both military and civilian purposes, calling for a "revolution in
machine tools." According to King, LaRouche's associates had for some years been in contact with members of the Reagan administration about LaRouche's space-based weapons ideas. LaRouche proposed the development of defensive beam technologies as a policy that was in the interest of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as the alternative to an arms race in offensive weapons and as a generator of spin-off economic benefits. Between February 1982 and February 1983, with the NSC's approval, LaRouche met with Soviet embassy representative Evgeny Shershnev to discuss the proposal. During this period, Soviet economists also began to study LaRouche's economic forecasting model. But after Reagan's public announcement of the SDI in March 1983, Soviet representatives broke off contact with LaRouche and his representatives. LaRouche later attributed the
collapse of the Soviet Union to its refusal to follow his advice to accept Reagan's offer to share the technology. Former Secretary of Defense
Donald Rumsfeld reported in his 2011 memoir that at a 2001 dinner in Russia with leading officials, he was told by General
Yuri Baluyevsky, then the second highest-ranking officer in the Russian military, that LaRouche was the brains behind SDI. Rumsfeld said he believed LaRouche had had no influence on the program, and surmised that Baluyevsky must have obtained the information off the Internet. In 2012 the former head of the Russian bureau of Interpol, General Vladimir Ovchinsky, also described LaRouche as the man who proposed the SDI.
1984: NBC lawsuit In January 1984,
NBC aired a news segment about LaRouche, and in March a "First Camera" report produced by
Pat Lynch. The reports called LaRouche "the leader of a violence-prone, anti-Semitic cult that smeared its opponents and sued its critics", as Lynch wrote in 1985 in the
Columbia Journalism Review. In interviews, former members of the movement gave details about their fundraising practices, and alleged that LaRouche had spoken about assassinating President
Jimmy Carter. The reports said an investigation by the
Internal Revenue Service would lead to an indictment, and quoted
Irwin Suall, the
Anti-Defamation League's fact-finding director, who called LaRouche a "small-time
Hitler". After the broadcast, LaRouche members picketed NBC's office carrying signs saying "Lynch Pat Lynch," and the NBC switchboard said it received a death threat against her. Another NBC researcher said someone placed fliers around her parents' neighborhood saying she was running a call-girl ring from her parents' home. Lynch said LaRouche members began to impersonate her and her researchers in telephone calls, and called her "Fat Lynch" in their publications. LaRouche filed a defamation suit against NBC and the ADL, arguing that the programs were the result of a deliberate campaign of defamation against him. The judge ruled that NBC need not reveal its sources, and LaRouche lost the case. NBC won a countersuit, the jury awarding the network $3 million in damages, later reduced to $258,459, for misuse of libel law, in what was called one of the more celebrated countersuits by a libel defendant. LaRouche failed to pay the damages, pleading poverty, which the judge described as "completely lacking in credibility." LaRouche said he had been unaware since 1973 who paid the rent on the estate, or for his food, lodging, clothing, transportation, bodyguards, and lawyers. The judge fined him for failing to answer. After the judge signed an order to allow discovery of LaRouche's personal finances, a cashier's check was delivered to the court to end the case. When LaRouche appealed, the
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, rejecting his arguments, set forth a three-pronged test, later called the "LaRouche test," to decide when anonymous sources must be named in libel cases.
1985–1986: PANIC, LaRouche's AIDS initiative LaRouche interpreted the AIDS pandemic as fulfillment of his 1973 prediction that an epidemic would strike humanity in the 1980s. According to Christopher Toumey, his subsequent campaign followed a familiar LaRouche pattern: challenging the scientific competence of government experts, and arguing that LaRouche had special scientific insights, and his own scientific associates were more competent than government scientists. LaRouche's view of AIDS agreed with orthodox medicine in that HIV caused AIDS, but differed from it in arguing that HIV spread like the cold virus or malaria, by way of casual contact and insect biteswhich, if true, would make HIV-positive people extremely dangerous. He advocated testing anyone working in schools, restaurants, or healthcare, and quarantining those who tested positive. Some of LaRouche's views on AIDS were developed by
John Seale, a British
venereological physician who proposed that AIDS was created in a Soviet laboratory. Seale's highly speculative writings were published in three prestigious medical journals, lending these ideas some appearance of being hard science. In 1986 LaRouche proposed that AIDS be added to California's List of Communicable Diseases. Sponsored by his "Prevent AIDS Now Initiative Committee" (PANIC), Proposition 64or the "LaRouche initiative"qualified for the California ballot in 1986, with the required signature gatherers mostly paid for by LaRouche's Campaigner Publications. Seale, presented as an AIDS expert by PANIC, supported the LaRouche initiative, but disagreed with several of LaRouche's views, including that HIV could be spread by insects, and described the group's political beliefs and conspiracy theories as "rather odd". According to
David Kirp, professor of public policy at the
University of California at Berkeley, the proposal would have required that 300,000 people in the area with HIV or AIDS be reported to public health authorities; might have removed over 100,000 of them from their jobs in schools, restaurants and agriculture; and would have forced 47,000 children to stay away from school. The proposal was opposed by leading scientists and local health officials as based on inaccurate scientific information and, as the public health schools put it, running "counter to all public health principles." It was defeated, reintroduced two years later, and defeated again, with two million votes in favor the first time, and 1.7 million the second. AIDS became a leading plank in LaRouche's platform during his 1988 presidential campaign.
1986: Electoral success in Illinois; press conference allegations In March 1986, Mark Fairchild and
Janice HartLaRouche National Democratic Policy Committee candidatesunexpectedly won the Democratic primary for statewide offices in
Illinois, gaining national attention for LaRouche. The Democratic gubernatorial candidate,
Adlai Stevenson III, withdrew his nomination rather than run on the same slate as LaRouche members, and told reporters the party was "exploring every legal remedy to purge these bizarre and dangerous extremists from the Democratic ticket." A spokesman for the Democratic National Committee said it would have to do a better job of communicating to the electorate that LaRouche's National Democratic Policy Committee was unrelated to the Democratic Party.
The New York Times wrote that Democratic Party officials were trying to identify LaRouche candidates in order to alert voters, and asked the LaRouche organization to release a full list of its candidates. A month later, LaRouche held a press conference to accuse the Soviet government, British government, drug dealers, international bankers, and journalists of being involved in multiple conspiracies. Flanked by bodyguards, he said: "If Abe Lincoln were alive, he'd probably be standing up here with me today," and that there was no criticism of him that did not originate "with the drug lobby or the Soviet operation ..." He said he had been in danger from Soviet assassins for over 13 years, and had to live in safe houses. He refused to answer a question from an NBC reporter, saying "How can I talk with a drug pusher like you?" He called the leadership of the United States "idiotic" and "berserk," and its foreign policy "criminal or insane." He warned of the imminent collapse of the banking system and accused banks of laundering drug money. Asked about the movement's finances, he said "I don't know. ... I'm not responsible, I'm not involved in that."
1986–1988: Raids and criminal convictions In October 1986, hundreds of state and federal officers raided LaRouche offices in Virginia and Massachusetts. A federal grand jury indicted LaRouche and twelve of his associates on credit card fraud and obstruction of justice. The charges stated that they had attempted to defraud people of millions of dollars, including several elderly people, by borrowing money they did not intend to repay. LaRouche disputed the charges, alleging that they were politically motivated. When LaRouche's "heavily fortified" estate was surrounded, he at first warned law-enforcement officials not to arrest him, saying that any attempt to do so would be an attempt to kill him. A spokesman would not rule out the use of violence against officials in response. While surrounded, LaRouche sent a telegram to president Ronald Reagan saying that an attempt to arrest him "would be an attempt to kill me. I will not submit passively to such an arrest, ... I will defend myself." In 1987, a number of LaRouche entities, including the
Fusion Energy Foundation, were taken over through an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding. The government's use of a sealed order in this proceeding was regarded as a rare legal maneuver. On December 16, 1988, LaRouche was convicted of conspiracy to commit
mail fraud involving more than $30 million in defaulted loans; eleven counts of actual mail fraud involving $294,000 in defaulted loans; and a single count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. He was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison, but was released on parole after serving five years on January 26, 1994. Defense lawyers filed unsuccessful appeals that challenged the conduct of the grand jury, the contempt fines, the execution of the search warrants, and various trial procedures. At least ten appeals were heard by the United States Court of Appeals, and three were heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. Former
Attorney General Ramsey Clark joined the defense team for two appeals, writing that the case involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge." In his 1988 autobiography, LaRouche says the raid on his operation was the work of
Raisa Gorbachev. In an interview that same year, he said that the
Soviet Union opposed him, because he had invented the
Strategic Defense Initiative. "The Soviet government hated me for it. Gorbachev also hated my guts and called for my assassination and imprisonment and so forth." He asserted that he had survived these threats, because he had been protected by unnamed U.S. government officials. "Even when they don't like me, they consider me a national asset, and they don't like to have their national assets killed." LaRouche received 25,562 votes in the 1988 presidential election.
1989: Musical interests and Verdi tuning initiative LaRouche had an interest in classical music up to the period of
Brahms. A motto of LaRouche's European Workers' Party is "Think like
Beethoven"; movement offices typically include a piano and posters of German composers, and members are known for their choral singing at protest events and for using satirical lyrics tailored to their targets. LaRouche abhorred popular music; he said in 1980, "Rock was not an accidental thing. This was done by people who set out in a deliberate way to subvert the United States. It was done by British intelligence," and wrote that
the Beatles were "a product shaped according to British Psychological Warfare Division specifications." LaRouche movement members have protested at performances of
Richard Wagner's operas, denouncing Wagner as an anti-Semite who found favor with the Nazis, and called a conductor "satanic" because he played contemporary music. In 1989, LaRouche advocated that classical orchestras should use a
concert pitch based on
A above middle C (A4) tuned to 432 Hz, which the Schiller Institute called the "Verdi pitch", a pitch that
Verdi had suggested as optimal, though he also composed and conducted in other pitches such as the French official
diapason normal of 435 Hz, including his
Requiem in 1874. The Schiller Institute initiative attracted support from more than 300 opera stars, including
Joan Sutherland,
Plácido Domingo, and
Luciano Pavarotti, who according to
Opera Fanatic may not have been aware of LaRouche's politics. A spokesman for Domingo said Domingo had simply signed a questionnaire, had not been aware of its origins, and would not agree with LaRouche's politics.
Renata Tebaldi and
Piero Cappuccilli, who were running for the European Parliament on LaRouche's "Patriots for Italy" platform, attended Schiller Institute conferences as featured speakers. The discussions led to debates in the Italian parliament about reinstating "Verdi" legislation. LaRouche gave an interview to
National Public Radio on the initiative from prison. The initiative was opposed by the editor of
Opera Fanatic,
Stefan Zucker, who objected to the establishment of a "pitch police," and argued that LaRouche was using the issue to gain credibility.
1990s Imprisonment, release on parole, attempts at exoneration, visits to Russia LaRouche began his sentence in 1989, serving it at the
Federal Medical Center in
Rochester, Minnesota. From there he ran for Congress in 1990, seeking to represent the
10th District of Virginia, but he received less than one percent of the vote. He ran for president again in 1992 with
James Bevel as his running mate, a civil rights activist who had represented the LaRouche movement in its pursuit of the
Franklin child prostitution ring allegations. It was only the second-ever campaign for president from prison. He received 26,334 votes, standing again as the "Economic Recovery" party. For a time he shared a cell with televangelist
Jim Bakker. Bakker later wrote of his astonishment at LaRouche's detailed knowledge of the Bible. According to Bakker, LaRouche received a daily intelligence report by mail, and at times had information about news events days before they happened. Bakker also wrote that LaRouche believed their cell was bugged. In Bakker's view, "to say LaRouche was a little paranoid would be like saying that the
Titanic had a little leak." Viktor Kuzin, a member of the Moscow City Council and a founder of the
Democratic Union in Russia, travelled to Minnesota in 1993 to meet LaRouche in prison, and afterwards participated in international campaigns to exonerate LaRouche. An advertisement calling for exoneration was published in several U.S. newspapers, signed by Kuzin, Civil Rights attorney
J. L. Chestnut, former Ugandan president
Godfrey Binaisa, and others. Chestnut was interviewed in the
Tuscaloosa News saying that when he met LaRouche, "I told him that he might as well be black and in Alabama." The exoneration campaigns garnered the support of a number of State Representatives and State Senators in the U.S., as well as a former justice of the Washington State Supreme Court. LaRouche was released on parole in January 1994, and returned to Loudoun County.
The Washington Post wrote that he would be supervised by parole and probation officers until January 2004. Also in 1994, his followers joined members of the
Nation of Islam to blame the
Anti-Defamation League for what they alleged were crimes and conspiracies against African Americans, reportedly one of several such meetings since 1992. Former U.S. Attorney General
Ramsey Clark wrote a letter in 1995 to then-Attorney General
Janet Reno in which he said that the case against LaRouche involved "a broader range of deliberate and systematic misconduct and abuse of power over a longer period of time in an effort to destroy a political movement and leader, than any other federal prosecution in my time or to my knowledge". He asserted that, "The government, ex parte, sought and received an order effectively closing the doors of these publishing businesses, all of which were involved in First Amendment activities, effectively preventing the further repayment of their debts." He called the convictions "a tragic miscarriage of justice which at this time can only be corrected by an objective review and courageous action by the Department of Justice". The LaRouche movement organized two panels to review the cases: the Curtis Clark Commission, and the
Mann-Chestnut hearings. Beginning in 1994, LaRouche made numerous visits to Russia, participating in conferences of the
Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), the RAS Institute of the Far East, and other places. He addressed seminars at the RAS Institute of Economics, the RAS Institute of Oriental Studies. He spoke at hearings in the
State Duma of the Russian Federation on measures to ensure the development of the Russian economy at the point of destabilization of the world financial system. Two of his books were translated into Russian. On September 18, 1996, a full-page advertisement appeared in the
New Federalist, a LaRouche publication, as well as
The Washington Post and
Roll Call. Entitled "Officials Call for LaRouche's Exoneration", its signatories included
Arturo Frondizi, former
president of Argentina; figures from the 1960s American
civil rights movement such as
Rosa Parks,
Amelia Boynton Robinson (a leader of the Larouche-affiliated
Schiller Institute), and
James Bevel (a Larouche movement participant); former
Minnesota Senator and Democratic presidential candidate
Eugene McCarthy;
Mervyn Dymally, who chaired the
Congressional Black Caucus; and artists such as classical vocalist
William Warfield and violinist
Norbert Brainin, former 1st Violin of the
Amadeus Quartet. In 1996, LaRouche was invited to speak at a convention organized by the Nation of Islam's
Louis Farrakhan and
Ben Chavis, then of the National African American Leadership Summit. As soon as he began speaking, he was booed off the stage. In the
1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries, he received enough votes in Louisiana and Virginia to get one delegate from each state, but before the primaries began, the Democratic National Committee chair,
Donald Fowler, ruled that LaRouche was not a "bona fide Democrat" because of his "expressed political beliefs ... which are explicitly racist and anti-Semitic," and because of his "past activities, including exploitation of and defrauding contributors and voters." Fowler instructed state parties to disregard votes for LaRouche. LaRouche opposed attempts to impeach President
Bill Clinton, charging it was a plot by the British Intelligence to destabilize the U.S. government. In 1996 he called for the impeachment of Pennsylvania governor
Tom Ridge. Efforts to clear LaRouche's name continued, including in Australia, where the Parliament acknowledged receipt of 1,606 petition signatures in 1998. In 1999, China's press agency, the
Xinhua News Agency, reported that LaRouche had criticized the
Cox Report, a congressional investigation that accused the Chinese of stealing U.S. nuclear weapons secrets, calling it a "scientifically illiterate hoax." On October 13, 1999, during a press conference to announce his plans to run for president, he predicted the collapse of the world's financial system, saying, "There's nothing like it in this century. ... it is systematic and therefore inevitable." He said the U.S. and other nations had built the "biggest financial bubble in all history," which was close to bankruptcy.
2000s 2000–2003: Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement, September 11 attacks, presidential run LaRouche founded the Worldwide LaRouche Youth Movement (WLYM) in 2000, saying in 2004 that it had hundreds of members in the U.S. and a lesser number overseas. During the Democratic primaries in June 2000, he received 53,280 votes, or 22% of the total, in
Arkansas. Despite finishing above the 15% threshold needed to obtain delegates, LaRouche was denied any delegates and was barred from attending the
2000 Democratic National Convention. In 2002, LaRouche's
Executive Intelligence Review argued that the
September 11 attacks in 2001 had been an
"inside job" and "attempted coup d'etat", and that Iran was the first country to question it. The article received wide coverage in Iran, and was cited by senior Iranian government officials, including
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and
Hassan Rouhani. Mahmoud Alinejad wrote that, in a subsequent telephone interview with the
Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran, LaRouche said the attacks had been organized by rogue elements inside the U.S., aiming to use the incident to promote a war against Islam, and that Israel was a dictatorial regime prepared to commit Nazi-style crimes against the
Palestinians. In 2003, LaRouche was living in a "heavily guarded" rented house in
Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia. LaRouche again entered the primary elections for the Democratic Party's nomination in 2004, setting a record for the number of consecutive presidential campaigns; Democratic Party officials did not allow him to participate in candidate forum debates. He did not run in 2008. As during the preceding decade, LaRouche and his followers denied that human civilization had harmed the environment through
DDT,
chlorofluorocarbons, or
carbon dioxide. According to
Chip Berlet, "Pro-LaRouche publications have been at the forefront of denying the reality of
global warming".
2003–2012: Overseas press coverage, financial crisis Iqbal Qazwini wrote in the Arabic-language daily
Asharq Al-Awsat in 2003 that LaRouche was one of the first to predict the fall of the
Berlin Wall in 1988 and
German reunification. He said LaRouche had urged the West to pursue a policy of economic cooperation similar to the
Marshall Plan for the advancement of the economy of the socialist countries. According to Qazwini, recent years have seen a proliferation of LaRouche's ideas in China and South Asia. Qazwini referred to him as the spiritual father of the revival of the new
Silk Road or
Eurasian Landbridge, which aims to link the continents through a network of ground transportation. In 2005, the ''
People's Daily'' of China covered LaRouche's economic forecasts and published an eight-part interview with him; the interviewer wrote that LaRouche was "quite famous in mainland China today". In 2007, LaRouche began a national lobbying campaign to restore the
Glass-Steagall Act, saying that it would be possible to save the U.S. banking system by reorganizing it under bankruptcy protection. Also in 2007, he proposed a "Homeowners and Bank Protection Act". This called for the establishment of a federal agency that would "place federal- and state-chartered banks under protection, freeze all existing home mortgages for a period of time, adjust mortgage values to fair prices, restructure existing mortgages at appropriate interest rates, and write off speculative debt obligations of mortgage-backed securities". The bill envisioned a foreclosure moratorium, allowing homeowners to make the equivalent of rental payments for an interim period, and an end to bank bailouts, forcing banks to reorganize under bankruptcy laws. In spring 2007 he was an honorary foreign guest at a ceremony in honor of the 80th birthday of
Stanislav Menshikov at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Images at tables of volunteers compared Obama to
Adolf Hitler, and at least one had a picture of Obama with a Hitler-style mustache. In Seattle, police were called twice in response to people threatening to attack the volunteers. During one widely reported public meeting, Congressman
Barney Frank called the images "vile, contemptible nonsense." ==Ideology and beliefs==