Courts of Northern Ireland

The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom was created by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. It took its duties up on 1 October 2009. It is the final court of appeal for cases originating in all parts of the United Kingdom, other than Scottish criminal cases. The Supreme Court has taken over the appellate jurisdiction formerly vested in the House of Lords. == Court of Judicature == The Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland is constituted by the '''''' (c. 23). It is a collective body of the superior courts of Northern Ireland, and consists of the following courts: • The Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland (Court of Appeal, formally "His Majesty’s Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland") • The High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland (High Court, formally "His Majesty's High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland") on 1 October 2009 when the relevant provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 came into force establishing the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Court of Appeal The Court of Appeal is the highest court in Northern Ireland. Appeal from the Court of Appeal lies to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Court of Appeal hears appeals from the Crown Court, High Court, county courts, courts of summary jurisdiction and tribunals. A Court of Criminal Appeal existed from 1930 to 1978, when its functions were merged into the new general court of appeal. Case law in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal has established the principle that appeals "should be whole, rather than fragmented", i.e. not referred from the lower court issue-by-issue. In First4Skills Ltd v Department for Employment and Learning (2011), Mr Justice McCloskey referred to the decisions in Cullen v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (unreported, 1998) and ''Re Lemon's Application'' (unreported,1995) as establishing this principle, ruling it "incumbent on a court of first instance" to determine all the issues before it. High Court The High Court of Northern Ireland is split into three divisions: King's Bench Division, Family Division and Chancery Division. The High Court is located in the Royal Courts of Justice, Belfast. There is a specialized commercial court track in the King's Bench Division, first established in 1992, known as the Commercial List. Crown Court The Crown Court hears more serious criminal cases. These are indictable offences and "either way" offences which are committed for trial in the Crown Court rather than the magistrates' courts. == County courts ==

, August 2009 The county courts are the main civil courts. While higher-value cases are heard in the High Court, the county courts hear a wide range of civil actions, consumer claims, and appeals from magistrates' courts. The county courts are called family care centres when hearing proceedings brought under the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 and appeals from the family proceedings courts. There were seven county court divisions in Northern Ireland until 2016, when a unified model was adopted. == Subordinate courts ==

Below the High Court are several classes of courts. Magistrates' courts (including youth courts, family proceedings courts and domestic proceedings courts) hear less-serious criminal cases and conduct preliminary hearings in more serious criminal cases. They are divided into 21 petty sessions districts. The Crown Court hears all serious criminal cases which are committed to trial. When sitting as family proceedings courts the magistrates' courts hear proceedings brought under the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. Additionally, there is the Enforcement of Judgments Office, and coroners' courts, which investigate the circumstances of sudden, violent or unnatural deaths. ==Court Service==

The Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service (; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlan Coort Service) runs the courts of Northern Ireland. It is a court administration agency of the Department of Justice for Northern Ireland. The Court of Judicature for Northern Ireland, county courts, magistrates’ courts, coroners’ courts and certain tribunals are all administered by the Courts and Tribunals Service. The NICTS employs approximately 830 staff members. Prior to the devolution of justice matters to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Northern Ireland Court Service was a separate legal entity under the Lord Chancellor, established in 1979 pursuant to Section 69 of the Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978. To facilitate the devolution of justice matters to the Assembly, the Department of Justice for Northern Ireland was created by the Department of Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2010. Subsequently, the 'Northern Ireland Court Service' was abolished on the 12 April 2010 by the Northern Ireland Court Service (Abolition and Transfer of Functions) Order (Northern Ireland) 2010 (SR(NI) 2010/133), with the functions of the Northern Ireland Court Service transferred to the Department of Justice for Northern Ireland as per Article 3. == See also ==