Saariaho was born in
Helsinki, Finland. She played violin, guitar and piano growing up, and received her primary and secondary education at a Steiner school. In university she studied first splitting her time between studying graphic design at the
Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture, piano at the and musicology at the
University of Helsinki; and then she later studied composition at the
Sibelius Academy under the guidance of
Paavo Heininen. Hearing spectral music for the first time marked a profound shift in Saariaho's artistic direction. These experiences guided her decision to attend courses in
computer music that were being given by
IRCAM, the computer music research institute in Paris, by David Wessel, , and Marc Battier. In 1982, she began work at IRCAM researching computer analyses of the sound-spectrum of individual notes produced by different instruments. She developed techniques for computer-assisted composition, experimented with
musique concrète, and wrote her first pieces combining live performance with electronics. She also composed new works using IRCAM's CHANT synthesiser. Each of her Jardin Secret trilogy was created with the use of computer programs.
Jardin secret I (1985),
Jardin secret II (1986), and
Nymphea (Jardin secret III) (1987). Her works with electronics were developed in collaboration with Jean-Baptiste Barrière, a composer, multimedia artist, and computer scientist who directed the IRCAM's department of musical research from 1984 to 1987. Saariaho and Barrière married in 1984. They have two children. In Paris, Saariaho developed an emphasis on slow transformations of dense
masses of sound. Her first tape piece,
Vers Le Blanc from 1982, and her orchestral and tape work,
Verblendungen, are both constructed from a single transition: in
Vers Le Blanc the transition is from one
pitch cluster to another, while in
Verblendungen, it is from loud to quiet.
Verblendungen also uses a pair of visual ideas as its basis: a brush stroke which starts as a dense mark on the page and thins out into individual strands, and the word
Verblendungen itself, which means "dazzlements, delusions, blindedness". Her work in the 1980s and 1990s was marked by an emphasis on
timbre and the use of
electronics alongside traditional instruments.
Nymphéa (Jardin secret III) (1987), for example, is for
string quartet and live electronics and contains an additional vocal element: the musicians whisper the words of an
Arseny Tarkovsky poem,
Now Summer is Gone. In writing
Nymphea, Saariaho used a
fractal generator to create material. Writing about the compositional process, Saariaho said: Saariaho often talked about having a kind of
synaesthesia, one that involves all of the senses, saying: Another example is
Six Japanese Gardens (1994), a percussion piece accompanied by a prerecorded electronic layer of the Japanese nature, traditional instruments, and chanting of Buddhist monks. During her visit to Tokyo in 1993, she expanded her original percussion conception into a semi-
indeterminate piece. It consists of six movements that each represent a garden composed of traditional Japanese architecture, by which she was inspired rhythmically. Especially in movement IV and V, she explored many possibilities of complex
polyrhythm in liberated instrumentation. She said: In her book on Saariaho, musicologist
Pirkko Moisala writes about the indeterminate nature of this composition: On 1 December 2016, the
Metropolitan Opera gave its first performance of ''
L'Amour de loin, the second opera by a female composer ever to be presented by the company (the first was performed more than a century earlier, in 1903). The subsequent transmission of the opera to cinema on 10 December 2016 as part of the Metropolitan Opera Live in HD series marked the first opera by a female composer, and the first opera conducted by a female conductor (Susanna Mälkki), in the series. In 2002 the Santa Fe Opera presented L'Amour de loin
. In 2008, the Santa Fe Opera also presented her opera Adriana Mater''. Saariaho was the patron of the
Helsinki Music Centre organ project and endowed the construction of a new organ in the Helsinki Music Centre with one million euros. She was also the chair of the International Kaija Saariaho Organ Composition Competition, which selected in April 2023 eleven compositions. Saariaho was diagnosed with
glioblastoma in February 2021. She died in Paris on 2 June 2023, at age 70. Her very last work,
HUSH, a concerto for trumpet and orchestra, was given its world premiere on 24 August 2023 at the Helsinki Music Centre with
Verneri Pohjola and the
Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by
Susanna Mälkki. While the premiere was posthumous, Saariaho had been able to hear the work herself at a rehearsal in the spring of 2023. The piece is conceived as a response to Saariaho's own first concerto
Graal Théâtre and based on a text by
Aleksi Barrière, Saariaho's son and librettist of some of her last works. == Awards and honours ==