,
Golden Horde,
Yuan dynasty and
Chagatai Khanate •
Mongol Empire (1206–1368) was the largest steppe nomadic Khaganate as well as
second largest empire and the largest contiguous empire in history. After
Genghis Khan established
appanages for his family in the Mongol Empire during his rule (1206–1227), his sons, daughters, and grandsons inherited separate sections of the empire. The Mongolian khanates that emerged from those appanages are listed below. •
Chagatai Khanate (1226–1347), established by
Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan. At its height in the late 13th century, the khanate extended from the
Amu Darya south of the
Aral Sea to the
Altai Mountains in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China, roughly corresponding to the defunct
Qara Khitai Empire. Initially the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate recognized the supremacy of the Great Khan, but by the reign of
Kublai Khan,
Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq no longer obeyed the emperor's orders. By 1347 the khanate had split into the
Moghulistan and West Chagatai Khanate. •
Moghul Khanate •
Yarkent Khanate •
Turpan Khanate •
Il-Khanate (1256–1335), established by the grandson of Genghis Khan,
Hulagu Khan. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of
Iran,
Azerbaijan, and
Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern
Iraq,
Syria,
Armenia,
Georgia,
Afghanistan,
Turkmenistan,
Pakistan, part of modern
Dagestan, and part of modern
Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with
Ghazan in 1295, converted to
Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the
Black Death. Its last khan
Abu Sa'id died in 1335, after which the khanate disintegrated. The Ilkhanid rulers, although of non-
Iranian origin, tried to advertise their authority by tying themselves to the Iranian past, and they recruited historians in order to present the Mongols as heirs to the
Sasanians (224–651 AD) of pre-Islamic Iran. residual states and domains in the 15th century •
Golden Horde •
Blue Horde •
Great Horde •
Astrakhan Khanate •
Crimean Khanate •
Khanate of Kazan •
White Horde •
Nogai Horde •
Kazakh Khanate •
Khanate of Bukhara •
Khanate of Khiva •
Khanate of Sibir •
Yuan dynasty •
Northern Yuan dynasty was the last great
nomadic empire in Central Asia •
Qamil or Kara Del •
Altan Khan of the Khotogoid •
Tüsheet Khan •
Oirat Khanate •
Dzungar Khanate (1634–1758), formed by the
Dzungars, a confederation of several
Oirat tribes. It covered
Xinjiang region of China,
Kyrgyzstan, eastern
Kazakhstan and western Mongolia. 1717–1720, also styled
Protector of Tibet;
annexed by the
Qing dynasty. •
Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771), established by the
Torghut branch of the Mongol Oirats, settled along the lower
Volga River (in modern Russia and Kazakhstan). •
Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717), established by the
Khoshut branch of the Mongol Oirats. •
Bogd Khanate (1911–1924), under the rule of the
Bogd Khan, the last Mongol khagan. •
Keraite Khanate •
Khamag Mongol Khanate •
Kumul Khanate (1696–1930), a vassal state to
Qing dynasty and
Republic of China. •
Mergid Khanate •
Naiman Khanate •
Tatar Khanate == Turkic khanates ==