, 1804):
Louis I,
Maria Luisa (holding
Maria Luisa Carlota) and
Louis II. The kingdom was created by the
Treaty of Aranjuez, signed at
Aranjuez, Spain on 21 March 1801. In the context of a larger agreement between
Napoleonic France and
Spain, the
Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territory in northern Italy (which had been occupied by French troops since 1796). The
King of Spain decided that his cousin
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma had to cede his
duchy to France, and in return his son
Louis I was granted the Kingdom of Etruria (which was created from the
Grand Duchy of Tuscany). Shortly after Ferdinand refused to leave, he suddenly died in suspect circumstances. To make way for the Bourbons, the
Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand III was ousted and compensated with the
Electorate of Salzburg by the
Treaty of Lunéville. Outside the Treaty of Aranjuez, Spain also secretly agreed to retrocede the
Louisiana territory (over 2 million square kilometers) back to France in order to secure the Kingdom of Etruria as a client state for Spain;
Louisiana was first ceded by France to Spain in 1763 at the end of the
Seven Years' War. Louisiana was duly transferred to France on 15 October 1802, after the signing of the Treaty of Aranjuez. Napoleon subsequently sold Louisiana to the
United States in the
Louisiana Purchase on April 30, 1803, in order to pay for his French armies during the
War of the Third Coalition. The first king (
Louis I) died young in 1803, and his underage son
Charles Louis succeeded him. His mother,
Maria Luisa of Spain, was appointed regent. However, since Etruria was troubled with smuggling and espionage, Napoleon annexed the territory, thus it was the last non-Bonaparte Italian kingdom on the
Peninsula to be absorbed into the French Empire. Since Spain's only hope of compensation lay in
Portugal, co-operation with the emperor became more important. Prior to its dissolution, Queen-Regent Maria Luisa had called for a
levy of 20,000 soldiers to fully populate the Etrurian Army. There existed at minimum twenty-six units on roster, including the then-named
Compagnia Dragoni d'Etruria and various formations of infantry, artillery, cavalry, and militia. As stipulated in the Treaty of Paris of 1817, in execution of the art. 99 of the
Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Lucca was then annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. ==Flags and coats of arms==