Korean fried chicken

The Korean word pronounced chikin () refers to fried chicken, while the name for the domesticated fowl is dak (). The word is shortened from peuraideu chikin (), which is a transliteration of the English phrase "fried chicken". According to the National Institute of Korean Language, the word chikin () refers to "a dish made by coating chopped chicken with flour, and frying or baking it". Fried chicken that is not chopped before frying is called tongdak (, 'whole chicken'). Both chikin and tongdak are occasionally referred to as dak-twigim (, 'chicken fritter'). The unshortened form peuraideu chikin, despite being the "correct" transliteration, is not as popular in Korea. The more commonly used form, huraideu-chikin (), may have been adopted in Korean owing to residual influence from the Japanese convention that persisted in Korea in the 1970s (the Japanese forced occupation only ended in 1945). The phrase huraideu-chikin is often shortened to huraideu () and refers to a fried chicken dish without the seasonings added post-frying. This is often used to differentiate it from yangnyeom-chikin (, 'seasoned chicken'). The National Institute of Korean Language does not recognize huraideu-chikin as the conventional name, but insists on the transliteration (and transvocalization) peuraideu-chikin, which it also suggests should be "refined" to dakgogi-twigim (, 'chicken meat fritter'). == History ==

The recipe for frying chicken was already a form of cooking in the 15th century, so it is presumed that it has been cooked since the Goryeo period. The fried chicken under the name of "Pogye" () in the early Joseon dynasty was sautéed in oil while sequentially pouring soy sauce, sesame oil, flour mixed with water, and vinegar onto the chicken. The trend of eating chicken began in Korea during the late 1960s, when Myeongdong Yeongyang Center in Seoul began selling whole chicken roasted over an electric oven. It was not until the 1970s when cooking oil was widely available that the modern fried chicken started appearing in Korea. The first modern Korean fried chicken franchise, Lims Chicken, was established in 1977 in the basement of Shinsegae Department Store, Chungmu-ro, Seoul, by Yu Seok-ho. It was "embraced as an excellent food pairing for draft beer"; the word for the pairing, "chimaek", is a portmanteau of "chicken" and "maekju", the Korean word for beer. The well-known variety with spicy coatings, also known as yangnyeom-chikin, had its history begin in 1982 by Yun Jonggye, who was running a fried chicken restaurant (later Mexican Chicken) at Daegu. He noticed that customers in his restaurant were struggling to chew on the hard, crisp layers of the fried chicken, which led to inconveniences such as scraped palates. Yun decided to pull a twist on the traditional fried chicken to soften the hard shells of the chicken and appease more Korean customers by marinating it sweet and spicy. The Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s contributed to the number of restaurants selling fried chicken as laid-off workers opened chicken restaurants. In recent years, owing to market saturation in Korea, many of Korea's major fried chicken chains, such as Mexicana Chicken, Genesis BBQ, Kyochon Chicken and Pelicana Chicken, have expanded to set up new presences in the United States, China, Canada, and Southeast Asia. By 2013, there were more than 20,000 fried chicken restaurants in South Korea serving fried chicken and by 2017, 36,000. Almost a third of the chicken consumed in South Korea is fried; Smithsonian calls it a "ubiquitous staple". , there were 40,000 fried chicken restaurants in South Korea, with 1,800 more operated internationally by Korean brands in 60 countries, which is double the total of 10 years prior. == Varieties ==

By seasoning • Huraideu-chikin (, 'fried chicken') – often simply referred to as huraideu (); this is the basic fried chicken. • Yangnyeom-chikin (, 'seasoned chicken') – fried chicken coated in gochujang-based sweet and spicy sauce. • Ganjang-chikin (, 'soy sauce chicken') – fried chicken coated in ganjang-based sweet and savoury sauce, which is often also garlicky. • Padak (, 'scallion chicken') – fried chicken topped with or smothered with a large amount of thinly shredded scallions. • Honey-Chikin (허니 치킨, 'honey sauce chicken') – fried chicken with flavours based on soy sauce, but sweeter and more sticky due to the addition of honey. By style • Tongdak (, 'whole chicken') – also called yennal-tongdak (, 'old-time whole chicken'); a 1970s-style whole chicken deep-fried in oil. • Sunsal-chikin (, 'pure flesh chicken') – boneless chicken. == Korean brands ==

• Bonchon Chicken • Coqodaq • Kyochon • Nene Chicken • Pelicana Chicken • Vons Chicken == See also ==