Trees and shrubs •
Akeake •
Bartlett's rātā or rātā moehau •
Beech (
Nothofagus) •
Bog pine •
Broom •
Cabbage tree or Tī rākau / Tī kōuka •
Coprosma •
Daisy bush •
Dracophyllum •
Five finger •
Fuchsia or Kōtukutuku •
Hebes •
Horopito •
Kahikatea or White Pine •
Kaka Beak •
Kanuka •
Kapuka or Broadleaf •
Karaka •
Karamū •
Karo •
Kauri •
Kawakawa •
Kohekohe •
Kohuhu •
Kōwhai •
Kumaraho •
Lacebark •
Lancewood or Horoeka •
Lemonwood or Tarata •
Mahoe or Whiteywood •
Maire •
Manawa or White or Grey mangrove •
Mānuka or Tea Tree •
Māpou or Red Matipo •
Matagouri •
Mataī or Black Pine •
Mingimingi •
Miro •
Manoao or Silver pine •
Mountain tōtara •
Neinei •
Ngaio •
Nīkau •
Northern rātā •
Olearia •
Ongaonga or Tree nettle •
Patē or Seven Finger • Other
Pittosporums •
Pōhutukawa •
Poroporo or Bullibulli •
Puka •
Putaputāwētā or marbleleaf •
Rangiora or Bushman's friend •
Rewarewa or New Zealand honeysuckle •
Ribbonwood or Manatu •
Rimu or Red Pine •
Southern rātā •
Tanekaha •
Taraire •
Tawa •
tītoki •
Toatoa •
Toru •
Tōtara •
Tetrapathaea tetrandra •
Tutu •
Yellow pine •
Whau •
Wineberry or Makomako
Ferns While most of the world's
ferns grow in tropical climates, New Zealand hosts an unusual number of ferns for a temperate country. These exhibit a variety of forms, from stereotypical feather-shaped tufted ferns and
tree ferns to less typical filmy, leafy and climbing ferns. Both the
koru, in the shape of an unfurling fern frond, and the
silver fern are widely accepted symbols of New Zealand. New Zealand has ten species of tree ferns, but there are numerous ground, climbing and perching smaller ferns to be found throughout the countries forests, the largest of which is the
king fern. •
Silver fern or ponga,
Cyathea dealbata •
New Zealand tree fern,
Dicksonia squarrosa •
Black tree fern or mamaku,
Cyathea medullaris •
Tuokura,
Dicksonia lanata •
Kuripaka,
Dicksonia fibrosa •
Mountain tree fern,
Cyathea colensoi •
Gully tree fern,
Cyathea cunninghamii •
Soft tree fern,
Cyathea smithii •
King fern,
Ptisana salicina •
Prince of Wales fern,
Leptopteris superba •
Hound's tongue fern,
Microsorum pustulatum •
Kidney fern or raurenga,
Trichomanes reniforme •
Hen and chickens fern,
Asplenium bulbiferum •
Hanging spleenwort,
Asplenium flaccidum •
Mangemange,
Lygodium articulatum Seaweeds New Zealand is impacted by a diversity of sea water systems including the ocean fronts the Tasman Front, the Subantartic Front, and the Subtropical Front. These each have different properties have a significant influence on the seaweed flora of the long coastlines of New Zealand. There are around 900 species of seaweed that occur in the New Zealand region but it's likely that there are species that have yet to be formally described or discovered. A commonly found seaweed is
Neptune's necklace. The red seaweeds belong to the following family and genera: . . •
Erythrotrichiaceae. •
Pyrophyllon, 2 species. •
Bangiaceae • ''
'Bangia''', more than 12 species. •
Dione, 1 species. •
Minerva, 1 species • ''
'Bangiales blades''', about 35 species. •
Clymene, 1 species. •
Pyropia, 5 species. •
Hildenbrandiaceae •
Apophlaea, 2 species. •
Hildenbrandia, poorly known. •
Balliaceae. •
Ballia, 1 species. •
Corallinaceae. •
Corallina, 1 species. •
Jania, 4 species. •
Lithophyllum, 2 species. •
Pneophyllum, 1 species •
Spongites, 1 species •
Hapalidiaceae •
Mesophyllum, 1 species •
Phymatolithon, 1 species •
Synarthrophyton, 2 species •
Sporolithaceae •
Heydrichia, 1 species •
Liagoraceae •
Liagora, 1 species •
Nemalion, 1 species •
Scinaiaceae •
Nothogenia, 3 species •
Scinaia, 1 species •
Bonnemaisoniaceae •
Asparagopsis, 1 species •
Delisea, 3 species •
Ptilonia, 2 species •
Callithamniaceae •
Euptilota, 4 species •
Ceramiaceae •
Centroceras, 1 species •
Pterothamnion, 1 species •
Dasyaceae •
Dasya, 1 species •
Heterosiphonia, 1 species •
Delesseriaceae •
Abroteia, 1 species •
Acrosorium, 2 species •
Lomentariaceae •
Lomentaria, 2 species •
Rhodymenaceae •
Rhodymenia, 3 species
Liverworts New Zealand has a greater density of
liverworts than any other country, due to its cool, wet and temperate climate. About half the species are
endemic to New Zealand. There are 606 species known in New Zealand. While these include some thallose liverworts, with liver-shaped thalli, most are leafy liverworts which can be confused with mosses and filmy ferns. Undescribed species, and those not previously recorded in New Zealand, continue to be found in lowland forests. Ninety species and varieties are listed on the 2001
Department of Conservation threatened plants list, and 157 liverwort species and varieties will be included on the next version of the list as a result of better knowledge of the group. A three-volume work on liverworts in New Zealand is being written by
John Engel and
David Glenny, with the first volume published in 2008. The first volume will also be placed online in June 2009 as part of Floraseries.
Grasses There are 187 species of native grasses in New Zealand: 157 endemic and 30 indigenous species. The grasses belong to the following tribes and genera: •
Ehrharteae •
Microlaena, 4 species •
Zotovia, 3 species •
Stipeae •
Achnatherum, 1 species •
Anemanthele, 1 species •
Austrostipa, 1 species •
Poeae •
Austrofestuca, syn. of
Poa •
Festuca, 10 species •
Poa, 38 species •
Puccinellia, 4 species •
Agrostideae •
Agrostis, 10 species •
Amphibromus, 1 species •
Deschampsia, 5 species •
Deyeuxia, 5 species •
Dichelachne, 4 species •
Echinopogon, 1 species •
Hierochloe, 7 species •
Koeleria, 3 species •
Lachnagrostis, 12 species •
Trisetum, 9 species •
Simplicia, 2 species •
Hordeeae •
Australopyrum, 1 species •
Elymus, 7 species •
Stenostachys, 3 species •
Danthonieae •
Chionochloa, 22 species •
Cortaderia (
Toetoe), 5 species •
Pyrrhanthera, 1 species •
Rytidosperma, 18 species •
Chlorideae •
Zoysia, 2 species •
Leptureae •
Lepturus, 1 species •
Paniceae •
Cenchrus, 1 species •
Oplismenus, 1 species •
Spinifex, 1 species •
Isachneae •
Isachne, 1 species •
Andropogoneae •
Imperata, 1 species
Mosses There are 523 known
moss species and 23 varieties in New Zealand, with 208 genera represented. 108 species and 11 genera are considered endemic. Most New Zealand mosses originated in
Gondwana, so there are strong relationships with species in
Tasmania, South-eastern
Australia, and temperate parts of South America. The endemic genera are: •
Beeveria •
Bryobeckettia •
Bryodixonia •
Cladomnion •
Crosbya •
Cryptopodium •
Dichelodontium •
Fifea •
Hypnobartlettia •
Mesotus •
Tetracoscinodon Sphagnum moss is also of economic importance.
Other '' •
Bush lawyer •
Celmisia (Mountain Daisy) •
Megaherbs • Nine species of
mistletoe, including
Peraxilla colensoi,
Peraxilla tetrapetala,
Alepis flavida, and the extinct
Trilepidea adamsii (last seen in 1954). • Two species of
Drosera, including
Drosera arcturi and the endemic
Drosera stenopetala. •
Mount Cook Lily •
New Zealand flax •
New Zealand spinach (
Kokihi) •
Nīkau Palm •
Pingao •
Sison amomum, commonly known as
stone parsley •
Raupō or bulrush •
Supplejack •
Tecomanthe speciosa •
Wood rose ==See also==