List of buildings damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, also known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners, crashing the first two into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon (headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense) in Arlington County, Virginia. The fourth plane crashed in a rural Pennsylvania field during a passenger revolt. The attacks killed 2,977 people, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in history. In response to the attacks, the United States waged the global war on terror over multiple decades to eliminate hostile groups deemed terrorist organizations, as well as the foreign governments purported to support them. Ringleader Mohamed Atta flew American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center complex at 8:46 a.m. Seventeen minutes later at 9:03 a.m., United Airlines Flight 175 hit the South Tower. Both collapsed within an hour and forty-two minutes, destroying the remaining five structures in the complex. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon at 9:37 a.m., causing a partial collapse. The fourth and final flight, United Airlines Flight 93, was believed by investigators to target either the United States Capitol or the White House. Alerted to the previous attacks, the passengers revolted against the hijackers who crashed the aircraft into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03 a.m. The Federal Aviation Administration ordered an indefinite ground stop for all air traffic in U.S. airspace, preventing any further aircraft departures until September 13 and requiring all airborne aircraft to return to their point of origin or divert to Canada. The actions undertaken in Canada to support incoming aircraft and their occupants were collectively titled Operation Yellow Ribbon. The attacks killed 2,977 people, injured thousands more and gave rise to substantial long-term health consequences while also causing at least $10billion in infrastructure and property damage. It remains the deadliest terrorist attack in history as well as the deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement personnel in American history, killing 343 and 72 members, respectively. The loss of life stemming from the impact of Flight 11 made it the most lethal multi-plane crash in aviation history followed by the death toll incurred by Flight 175. The destruction of the World Trade Center and its environs seriously harmed the U.S. economy and induced global market shocks. Many other countries strengthened anti-terrorism legislation and expanded their powers of law enforcement and intelligence agencies. The total number of deaths caused by the attacks, combined with the death tolls from the conflicts they directly incited, has been estimated by the Costs of War Project to be over 4.5 million. == List ==

's map of collapsed and damaged buildings in New York City after the September 11 attacks. After the attacks, building inspections began in and around the World Trade Center site on September 12, 2001. These inspections were contracted by the New York City Department of Buildings (DoB) and the New York City Department of Design and Construction with field observations made by the Structural Engineers Association of New York (SEAoNY) as well as others. The inspections and observations were compiled by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and published in May, 2002. In this document FEMA categorizes buildings as "full collapse," "partial collapse," "major damage," "moderate damage," or "inspected/no damage." FEMA describes these categories in the following ways: Full collapse The following five buildings are listed by FEMA in the "DoB/SEAoNY Cooperative Building Damage Assessment" from November 7, 2001, as fully collapsed. FEMA also notes that the North Bridge from Winter Garden to WTC 1 was one of the 15 buildings with the most collateral damage from the collapse of 1 and 2 World Trade center, noting that it too fully collapsed, but does not list it in this table. Partial collapse The following three buildings are listed by FEMA in the "DoB/SEAoNY Cooperative Building Damage Assessment" from November 7, 2001, as partially collapsed. The Winter Garden was originally listed as partially collapsed but was later revised to having "major damage." Major damage The following eleven buildings are listed by FEMA in the "DoB/SEAoNY Cooperative Building Damage Assessment" from November 7, 2001, as having sustained major damage. Moderate damage after its full collapse The following thirty-seven buildings are listed by FEMA in the "DoB/SEAoNY Cooperative Building Damage Assessment" from November 7, 2001, as having sustained moderate damage. Subterranean infrastructure due to the September 11 attacks. Much of the World Trade Center was built over, and supported by, a six story subterranean structure. This structure contained a shopping mall, mechanical and electrical services for the center, tunnels for the NYC Subway and PATH systems, including WTC Cortlandt station and the World Trade Center PATH station, and a parking garage. This structure was coved by the 5 acre Austin J. Tobin Plaza. Due to the collapse of WTC1 and WTC2, almost 600,000 pounds of debris fell onto the plaza. This debris broke through the plaza, partially filling the 6 stories below it. At the southern side of the complex debris punched through several of the six floors, compromising the structure, but not backfilling it with debris. In October large cracks began to form on Liberty Street showing that the southern wall of the subterranean structure had begun to give way and had to be stabilized. 8 large water mains were also broken due to falling debris and collapsing structures. FEMA notes in its World Trade Center Building Performance Study, "although significant damage was sustained by the buildings, subterranean structure, and subway system, only the performances of the above grade buildings were assessed in this study." Therefor, none of the subterranean infrastructure or spaces were categorized based on amount of damage. Beyond New York City The following buildings were damaged due to the September 11 attacks outside of the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. == See also ==