===
Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD === •
Vonones 12–16 (Former king of Parthia as
Vonones I) •
Orodes 16–18 (Son of
Artabanus III king of Parthia) •
Artaxias III 18–35 (From the house of
Polemon) •
Arsaces I 35 (Son of
Artabanus III king of Parthia) •
Orodes 35 (Again) •
Mithridates I 35–37 (Son of Mithridates (IV) king of Iberia) •
Orodes 37–42 (Again) •
Mithridates I 42–52 (Again) •
Rhadamistus 52–54 (Son of
Pharasmanes (III) king of Iberia) •
Tiridates I 54–60 (Son of
Vonones II king of Parthia & Medes) •
Tigranes VI 60–62 (From the house of
Herod) •
Tiridates I 62–c. 75 (Again) • Unknown king c. 75–89 (Probably
Vologases II of Parthia) •
Sanatruces I 89–109 (Son of
Vologases I of Parthia) •
Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110–113 (Son of
Pacorus II king of Parthia) •
Parthamasiris (Partamasir) 113–114 (Son of
Pacorus II king of Parthia) • Roman occupation 114–115 • Mithridates II 114–116 (Brother of
Sanatruces I &
Osroes I king of Parthia) • Sanatruces II 116 (Son of Mithridates II) •
Vologases I from 116 (Son of
Sanatruces I) • ?Achaemenes until 138/144 •
Sohaemus 138/144–161 (Son of Achaemenes) •
Pacorus I 161–164 (Aurelius Pacorus) •
Sohaemus 164–178 (Again) •
Vologases II 178–197 • Unknown king 197–215 •
Khosrov I 215–216 (Son of
Vologases II) • Roman occupation 216–217 •
Tiridates II 217–222 • ?Khosrov (II) 222–238 • ?Tiridates (III) 238–253 • Sasanian occupation 253–279 •
Hormozd-Ardashir 253–270 (Later king of Iran as
Hormizd I son of
Shapur I Sassanid) •
Narseh 270–293 (Later king of Iran as
Narseh son of
Shapur I Sassanid) • Artavasdes VI c. 260 •
Khosrov II 279–287 • Tiridates (IV) 287–298 •
Tiridates III 298–330 • Pacorus II 330 (Usurper) •
Khosrov III 330–338 •
Tigranes VII 338–351 •
Arsaces II (Arshak II) 351–367 •
Papas (Pap) 367–374 •
Varasdates (Varazdat) 374–378 •
Vologases III 378–386 (Co-ruler with
Arsaces III (Arshak III)) •
Arsaces III 378–389 (Co-ruler with
Vologases III then
Khosrov IV) •
Khosrov IV 386–392 (Co-ruler with
Arsaces III & then alone) •
Vramshapuh 392–414 •
Khosrov IV 414–416 (Again) • Tigranes VIII 416 co-ruler with Arsaces IV • Arsaces IV 416 co-ruler with Tigranes VIII • Shapur 416–420 (Later king of Iran as
Shapur IV son of
Yazdegerd I Sassanid) •
Artaxias IV 422–428 === Arsacids of
Media 144 BC – 232 AD === • Vologases (Bagasha) 144–122 BC • Arsaces 122–111 • ?
Orodes c. 4–6 AD •
Artabanus 9–12 AD • ... •
Vonones c. 45–51 • Pacorus 51–75 son of
Vonones • ... • Arsaces c. 136 AD • ?Pacorus to 163 AD • ... •
Vologases to 208 • ... •
Artabanus 213–226 • Pacorus from 226 AD son of
Artabanus ===
Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD === ===
Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD === •
Vachagan I the Brave •
Vache I •
Urnayr •
Vachagan II •
Mirhavan •
Satoy •
Asay •
Aswagen •
Vache II •
Vachagan III the Pious === Arsacids of
Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD === • Arsaces c. 165 BC son of
Phraates I • Himerus to 129 BC • Otanes c. 70 BC •
Artabanus c. 9–40 AD •
Gotarzes 40–51 AD ===
Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD ===
Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana) Source: •
Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator (c. 20 BC – first years AD) •
Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes (c. 20 AD – 30 AD?), brother of
Gondophares I •
Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) •
Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes, son of
Orthagnes •
Sanabares Great King, son of
Ubouzanes •
Abdagases II King, son of
Sanabares •
Pacores (late 1st century AD) • ? Tiridates (No coins), son of
Sanabares • ? Atursasan (No coins), son of Tiridates •
Farn-Sasan, son of Atursasan
Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar) Source: • ? cont. with Phraates V • ? cont. with Artabanus II • ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I • D ... c. 50 AD • Po ... cont. with Vologases I •
Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD •
Pacores c. 100 AD • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV • ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV • Tiren cont. with Vologases IV • ? cont. with Vologases IV • Ardashir c. 200 AD • ? 1st half of the 3rd century • ? 1st half of the 3rd century • ? c. 250 AD === Kings of
Persis c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD === Source: === Rulers of
Hatra (2nd century BCE – 2nd century CE) === In inscriptions found at
Hatra, several rulers are mentioned, while other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors. They appear with two titles: the earlier rulers are called
mry' (translation uncertain, perhaps
administrator), the later ones
mlk -
king – see
Kingdom of Hatra. === Kings of
Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD === • Kamnaskires I Soter (c. 147 BC?) •
Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145–c. 139 BC) • Okkonapses (c. 139/138–c. 137 BC), rebel • Tigraios (c. 137–c. 132 bc), rebel • Darius Soter (c. 129 BC), rebel • Pittit (125–124 BC), rebel •
Kamnaskires III (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Anzaze •
Anzaze (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Kamnaskires III •
Kamnaskires IV (1st century BC) • Kamnaskires V (1st century BC) • Kamnaskires VI (1st century AD) •
Orodes I (1st century) •
Orodes II, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes (1st/2nd century) • Phraates (1st/2nd century) •
Osroes (2nd century) • Orodes III (2nd century), co-ruler with Ulfan • Ulfan (2nd century), co-ruler with Orodes III • Abar-Basi (2nd century) •
Orodes IV (2nd/3rd century) •
Khwasak (3rd century) • Orodes V (3rd century) === Kings of
Characene c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD === Source: •
Hyspaosines c. 127–122/121 BC •
Apodakos c. 110/109–104/103 BC •
Tiraios I 95/94–90/89 BC •
Tiraios II 79/78–49/48 BC •
Artabazos 49/48–48/47 BC •
Attambelos I 47/46–25/24 BC •
Theonesios I c. 19/18 BC •
Attambalos II c. 17/16 BC – AD 8/9 •
Abinergaos I 10/11; 22/23 • Orabazes I c. 19 •
Attambalos III c. 37/38–44/45 •
Theonesios II c. 46/47 •
Theonesios III c. 52/53 •
Attambalos IV 54/55–64/65 •
Attambalos V 64/65–73/74 •
Orabazes II c. 73–80 •
Pakoros (II) 80–101/02 king of Iran •
Attambalos VI c. 101/02–105/06 • Theonesios IV c. 110/11–112/113 •
Attambalos VII 113/14–117 •
Meredates c. 131–150/51 son of
Pakoros (II) king of Iran • Orabazes III c. 150/151–165 •
Abinergaios II (?) c. 165–180 •
Attambalos VIII c. 180–195 (?) • Maga (?) c. 195–210 • Abinergaos III c. 210–222 === Kings of
Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD === • Aryu (132–127 BC) • Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC) • Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC) • Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC) • Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC) • Ma'nu I (94 BC) • Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC) •
Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC) • Ma'nu II (52–34 BC) • Paqor (34–29 BC) • Abgar III (29–26 BC) • Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC) • Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC) • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (
Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD) • Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD) • Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50) • Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57) • Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71) •
Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91) •
Sanatruk (91–109) •
Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116) • Roman interregnum 116–118 • Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates) •
Parthamaspates (118–123) •
Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139) • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163) • Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165) • Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167) •
Abgar VIII (167–177) •
Abgar IX (the great) (177–212) • Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214) • Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216) • Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242) • Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244) === Kings of
Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD === •
Abdissares (c. 164 BC) • Unknown king (c. 69 BC) • Artaxares (cont. with
Augustus) •
Izates I (c. 15 AD) •
Bazeus Monobazus I (20?–30?) •
Heleni (c. 30–58) •
Izates II bar Monobazus (c. 34–58) •
Vologases (Parthian occupation opposing Izates II) (c. 50) •
Monobazus II bar Monobazus (58 – middle of the 70s) •
Meharaspes (?–116) • To the
Roman Empire (116–117) • Atwr ('tlw) (c. 150) • To the
Sassanid Empire •
Ardashir II (344–376) === Kings of
Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD === • Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by
Tigranes II. •
Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan. • Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the
Christianization of Corduene. • Jovinian ~ 359 AD
City-lords of Assur The sequence of local rulers of Assur under the three or four centuries of Parthian suzerainty is poorly known. Only five names are attested and their dates, their precise order and how they relate to each other is not clear. The order used here follows Aggoula (1985). There are large gaps in this sequence. ==Notes and references==