A first edition of the work was compiled as early as 1555 by the publisher
John Weyland, but only the title page remains, attached to his edition of Lydgate. Weyland was apparently denied a licence to publish by the
Lord Chancellor Stephen Gardiner effectively suppressing the work and putting the publisher out of business. Baldwin in a later printing commented that: "The wurke was begun & part of it printed iiii years agoe, but hyndred by the Lord Chancellor that then was." Gardiner died the same year but the work was still not immediately published. This was a difficult time in
England during the reign of
Mary I when most works were suspected of having a political subtext. Poems dealing with the mistakes of the nobility of the preceding age were bound to be controversial, either by insulting the ancestors of the ruling class or, under the pretext of criticism, subtly praising the regime's political enemies. The accession of
Queen Elizabeth I, which brought with it a change in the country's religion, allowed the publication of the 1559 edition. Despite press restrictions easing under the new queen the subject was still difficult. Baldwin's original plan, inferred from clues in the extant poems, seems to have been to write three volumes of lives: up to the reign of
Edward VI, up to the reign of
Richard III of England and lastly lives up to the reign of Mary. Although it appears that the work was well received Baldwin did not continue the plan. Whether this was due to ill health—he probably died around 1563—or because the recent lives were more controversial, is uncertain, but it is significant that the next major expansion of the work confined itself mainly to the ancient past. Traditionally the impetus and planning for the entire work has been ascribed to
Thomas Sackville. As he was only eighteen years old at the time of the first edition this seems unlikely, and he is listed as a contributor only in the third edition of 1563. The reason for Sackville receiving much of the credit for the work is in part that he was the most famous of the writers to work on the
Mirror but also because his contributions, "Induction" and "The Complaint of Henry Duke of Buckingham", are often the only ones regarded as having any lasting literary merit. Another reason for the ascription to Sackville is due to the reorganisations the work underwent in later editions, giving accidental prominence to Sackville's sections and confusing later readers. The edition of 1563 contained only eight extra lives and of these at least one is known to have been written around the time of the earlier poems but left out when they were published. The next edition in 1574 was printed again by Thomas Marsh with the editor and main author being
John Higgins. Confusingly the new edition was named
The first parte of the Mirour for Magistrates as it dealt with much earlier lives which were placed before the poems of the previous editions. Whilst the poetic style is markedly similar to the other poems, Higgins is seen as a much inferior poet and he greatly changed the focus of the work. The critical assessment of the lives of people from recent history which was evident in the compositions of Baldwin's and his contemporary writers, gave way to mostly laudatory accounts of the distant legends of the early Britons. What was once a politically contentious book, examining lives offering warnings to the present on the errors of the past, was now a work displaying national pride in England's history; many of which were taken from the largely mythical
Historia Regum Britanniae. This focus on England's supposed glorious past and often defiance of
Rome had much to do with the country being alienated from much of the rest of Europe because of its
Protestant religion.
Thomas Blenerhasset, in 1578, took it upon himself to write another collection of lives of ancient Britons but as this was with a different printer it did not include the previous poems. Because this work robbed Higgins of British material for his next edition, the majority of the new lives printed in 1587 were noble
Romans. He also include a couple of poems by
Francis Dingley:
Flodden Field and
Lamentation of James IV. By the 1610 edition the once popular
Mirror had fallen out of fashion and its reputation was tarnished even more by the poor editing skills of
Richard Niccols. He incorporated most of Blenerhasset's work but removed numerous lives and most of the links in prose between the poems. Why some of the lives were removed is unclear but some clearly might have embarrassed the new
Scottish ruling class of the new king
James I. He also added ten of his own poems including a more patriotic account of
Alfred the Great to replace Blenerhasset's poem, which focused on Alfred being destroyed by lust, and
England’s Eliza a homage to the late queen. Ignoring the omissions of the Niccols edition, the entire work contained almost one hundred lives, covering the period from Albanact in 1085 BC to Elizabeth in 1603 and written over 60 years. Whilst the work was dismissed and largely forgotten after 1610 the lives from the Baldwin era were popular and highly regarded during the
Tudor period.
Philip Sidney, mentions the work in his
Defence of Poesy, saying that it was "meetly furnished of beautiful parts". The influence of the work was evident in many contemporary works such as ''Albion's England
by the poet William Warner and Cromwell'' by
Michael Drayton which was actually included in the 1610 edition. It was also significant for its development of the form of
tragedy in
English literature, with Higgins' story of Lier and Cordila providing a source for
Shakespeare's
King Lear. One development of the Mirror tradition was the complaint genre, of which The Complaint of Rosamond, by
Samuel Daniel, and Shakespeare's
The Rape of Lucrece are examples. ==Modern reception==