Alpha et Omega was a continuation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Following a rebellion of
adepts in
London and an ensuing public scandal which brought the name of the Order into disrepute, Mathers renamed the branch of the Golden Dawn remaining loyal to his leadership to "Alpha et Omega" sometime between 1903 and 1913. Another faction, led by
Robert Felkin, became the
Stella Matutina.
A∴A∴ was created in 1907 by
Aleister Crowley and
George Cecil Jones. It teaches
magick and
Thelema, which is a religion shared by several occult organizations. The main text of Thelema is
The Book of the Law. Ordo Templi Orientis was reworked by Aleister Crowley after he took control of the Order in the early 1920s.
Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica functions as the ecclesiastical arm of Ordo Templi Orientis.
Builders of the Adytum (or B.O.T.A.) was created in 1922 by
Paul Foster Case and was extended by Dr.
Ann Davies. It teaches
Hermetic Qabalah,
astrology and occult
tarot. Also in 1922, after a falling-out with
Moina Mathers and with Moina's consent,
Dion Fortune left the
Alpha et Omega to form an offshoot organization. This indirectly brought new members to the Alpha et Omega. In 1924, Fortune's group became known as the
Fraternity of the Inner Light.
Fraternitas Saturni ('Brotherhood of Saturn') is a German magical order, founded in 1926 by
Eugen Grosche (also known as Gregor A. Gregorius) and four others. It is one of the oldest continuously running magical groups in Germany. The lodge is, as Gregorius states, "concerned with the study of esotericism, mysticism, and magic in the cosmic sense". The
UR Group was an Italian
esotericist association, founded around 1927 by intellectuals including
Julius Evola,
Arturo Reghini and Giovanni Colazza for the study of
Traditionalism and
Magic. In 1954,
Kenneth Grant began the work of founding the
New Isis Lodge, which became operational in 1955. This became the Typhonian Ordo Templi Orientis (TOTO), which was eventually renamed to
Typhonian Order. The
Church of Satan, a
religious organization dedicated to
Satanism as codified in
The Satanic Bible, was established in 1966, by
Anton LaVey, who was the Church's
High Priest until his death in 1997. Church members may also participate in a system of magic which LaVey defined as
greater and lesser magic. In 1975, Michael Aquino broke off from the Church of Satan and founded the
Temple of Set. The
satanic Order of Nine Angles (O9A or ONA) was founded in the
United Kingdom during the 1970s.
Hope not Hate have lobbied to have O9A designated a
terrorist organization. In 1973 John Gibbs-Bailey and John Yeowell founded the
Committee for the Restoration of the Odinic Rite or
Odinist Committee in
England. Yeowell had been a member of the
British Union of Fascists in his youth and bodyguard to leader
Oswald Mosley. In 1980 the organization changed its name to
Odinic Rite. It is a
white supremicist organization. In 1976,
James Lees founded the magical order
O∴A∴A∴ in order to assist others in the pursuit of their own spiritual paths. The work of this order is based in
English Qaballa. In 1977,
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Inc. was founded by Chic Cicero in
Columbus, Georgia. This Order is notable for having the only working Golden Dawn temple in the United States at the end of the 1970s, making it the oldest continuously operating Golden Dawn offshoot in the U.S. The
Sangreal Sodality is a spiritual brotherhood founded by British writer
William G. Gray and Jacobus G. Swart in 1980. During the last two decades of the 20th century, several organizations practicing
chaos magic were founded. These include
Illuminates of Thanateros, and
Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth. These groups rely on the use of
sigils. Their main texts include
Liber Null (1978) and
Psychonaut (1982), now published as a single book. On the Vernal Equinox of 1990,
Christopher Hyatt and
David Cherubim founded the Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn in Los Angeles. ==21st century==