Mahabad

Mahabad first became the name of the city after World War I, during the reign of Reza Shah (). Before that, it was known as Savojbolagh, a Persian corruption of the Turkic word soghuk bulak (meaning "cold spring"). The Kurdish version was Sablagh. == History ==

(1797-1834), minted in Savojbolagh (Mahabad), dated 1814/5. Civic copper issue Savojbolagh is first attested in the 16th century, during the Safavid era. Mukri Kurds participated in several wars between the Safavid dynasty and Ottoman Empire, and gained more predominance. In the 17th century, Savojbolagh became the seat of Mukri principality (known as Mukriyān in Sorani Kurdish and Mokriyān in Persian). Many believe Budaq Sultan Mukri who built Savojbolagh's congregational mosque is the founder of the current town. Republic of Mahabad Mahabad was the capital of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad, which was declared independent on 1 January 1946, under the leadership of Kurdish nationalist Qazi Muhammad. The republic received strong support from the Soviet Union, which had occupied northern Iran following the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran during World War II. It included the majority Kurdish-speaking towns of Bukan, Piranshahr, Sardasht and Oshnavieh. After an agreement brokered by the United States, the Soviets agreed to leave Iran, and sovereignty was restored to Mohammad Reza Shah in 1947. The Shah ordered an invasion of the Republic of Mahabad shortly afterwards, the leaders of the republic including Qazi Muhammad were arrested and executed. Qazi Muhammad was hanged on 31 March 1947. At the behest of Archibald Roosevelt Jr., who argued that Qazi had been forced to work with the Soviets out of expediency, U.S. ambassador to Iran George V. Allen urged the Shah not to execute Qazi or his brother, only to be reassured: "Are you afraid I'm going to have them shot? If so, you can rest your mind. I am not." Roosevelt later recounted that the order to have the Qazis killed was likely issued "as soon as our ambassador had closed the door behind him," adding with regard to the Shah: "I never was one of his admirers". Islamic Republic of Iran On 7 May 2015, the people of the city rioted following the unexplained death on 4 May 2015 of Farinaz Khosravani, a hotel chambermaid. Khosravani fell to her death from a fourth-floor window of the Tara hotel, the hotel where she worked. Anger mounted following reports that Khosravani died attempting to escape an official who was threatening to rape her. The rioters reportedly set fire to the hotel where Khosravani worked. ==Demographics==

Language and religion Most of Mahabad is populated by Kurds who follow the Sunni branch of Islam. Besides Kurdish, many speak Persian and Azeri Turkic as well. Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jews originally used to inhabit the city as well. Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 133,324 in 31,000 households. The following census in 2011 counted 147,268 people in 38,393 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 168,393 people in 47,974 households. Employment In 1977, the employment rate of the city was 95.8%, much higher than the provincial average of 86%. However, after the Iranian revolution of 1979 the employment rate fell and reached 88.8% in 1997. ==Geography==

Location The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level. Mahabad County is bordered by the counties of Urmia and Miandoab to the north; by the counties of Piranshahr and Naqadeh to the west and the northwest respectively; by the county of Sardasht to the southwest; and by the county of Bukan to the east. Climate {{Weather box | width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Mahabad (1991–2020, extremes since 1985) | Jan record high C = 15.3 | Feb record high C = 20.0 | Mar record high C = 26.4 | Apr record high C = 30.8 | May record high C = 35.0 | Jun record high C = 40.6 | Jul record high C = 42.6 | Aug record high C = 41.6 | Sep record high C = 38.8 | Oct record high C = 32.4 | Nov record high C = 25.4 | Dec record high C = 21.8 | year record high C = 42.6 | Jan high C = 4.4 | Feb high C = 7.2 | Mar high C = 12.7 | Apr high C = 18.5 | May high C = 24.1 | Jun high C = 30.3 | Jul high C = 33.5 | Aug high C = 33.7 | Sep high C = 29.5 | Oct high C = 22.2 | Nov high C = 13.0 | Dec high C = 6.8 | year high C = 19.7 | Jan mean C = 0.1 | Feb mean C = 2.2 | Mar mean C = 7.1 | Apr mean C = 12.4 | May mean C = 17.4 | Jun mean C = 23.0 | Jul mean C = 26.2 | Aug mean C = 25.9 | Sep mean C = 21.5 | Oct mean C = 15.0 | Nov mean C = 7.4 | Dec mean C = 2.3 | year mean C = 13.4 | Jan low C = -3.8 | Feb low C = -2.1 | Mar low C = 2.1 | Apr low C = 6.5 | May low C = 10.2 | Jun low C = 14.3 | Jul low C = 17.9 | Aug low C = 17.4 | Sep low C = 13.2 | Oct low C = 8.4 | Nov low C = 2.8 | Dec low C = -1.5 | year low C = 7.1 | Jan record low C = -19.4 | Feb record low C = -19.4 | Mar record low C = -14.8 | Apr record low C = -4.6 | May record low C = 1.6 | Jun record low C = 7.8 | Jul record low C = 5.4 | Aug record low C = 9.2 | Sep record low C = 4.4 | Oct record low C = -0.6 | Nov record low C = -11.4 | Dec record low C = -18.8 | year record low C = -19.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 45.1 | Feb precipitation mm = 43.2 | Mar precipitation mm = 57.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 57.7 | May precipitation mm = 32.3 | Jun precipitation mm = 4.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 2.3 | Aug precipitation mm = 0.9 | Sep precipitation mm = 2.4 | Oct precipitation mm = 27.5 | Nov precipitation mm = 49.9 | Dec precipitation mm = 41.0 | year precipitation mm = 363.7 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 6.4 | Feb precipitation days = 6.3 | Mar precipitation days = 7.6 | Apr precipitation days = 7.3 | May precipitation days = 5.3 | Jun precipitation days = 0.9 | Jul precipitation days = 0.5 | Aug precipitation days = 0.3 | Sep precipitation days = 0.5 | Oct precipitation days = 3.8 | Nov precipitation days = 5.5 | Dec precipitation days = 5.5 | year precipitation days = 49.9 | Jan humidity = 71.0 | Feb humidity = 65.0 | Mar humidity = 58.0 | Apr humidity = 53.0 | May humidity = 49.0 | Jun humidity = 36.0 | Jul humidity = 34.0 | Aug humidity = 32.0 | Sep humidity = 34.0 | Oct humidity = 48.0 | Nov humidity = 63.0 | Dec humidity = 69.0 | year humidity = 51.0 | Jan dew point C = -5.7 | Feb dew point C = -4.9 | Mar dew point C = -2.7 | Apr dew point C = 0.5 | May dew point C = 2.9 | Jun dew point C = 3.2 | Jul dew point C = 4.9 | Aug dew point C = 4.1 | Sep dew point C = 1.6 | Oct dew point C = 0.8 | Nov dew point C = -1.4 | Dec dew point C = -4.2 | year dew point C = -0.1 | Jan sun = 140.0 | Feb sun = 163.0 | Mar sun = 202.0 | Apr sun = 227.0 | May sun = 288.0 | Jun sun = 355.0 | Jul sun = 367.0 | Aug sun = 346.0 | Sep sun = 299.0 | Oct sun = 237.0 | Nov sun = 173.0 | Dec sun = 140.0 | year sun = 2937.0 | source 1 = NOAA == Culture ==

The prolific translator into Persian, Mohammad Ghazi, came from Mahabad. He translated more than 70 important literary works into Persian. Some poets and writers have hailed from this city in the 19th and 20th century. Wafaei (1844–1902), Hejar (Abdurrahman Sharfkandi) (1920–1990), Hêmin (Sayyed Moháammad Amini Shaykho-al-Eslam Mokri) (1920–1986), Abdorrahamn Zabihi (1920–1980) and Giw Mukriyani, all from Mahabad, are considered as the main writers and poets. The first Kurdish-Kurdish-Persian Dictionary in Iran was written by Hejar. Kurdistan's national poet was the title given to Hejar(along with Hêmin) during the short lived reign of the Republic of Mahabad in recognition of his poetry's service to the cause. After the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979, "Hêmin" set up the Salaha-al-Din Ayyubi Kurdish publishing house in Urmia, which publishes Sirwe (from spring 1985), a quarterly cultural magazine that Hêmin ran until his death in 1986 . The dialect of Mahabad, is adopted as the literary standard of Kurdish language in western Iran (which is very close to the standard "sorani" used in Iraqi Kurdistan). == Transportation ==

By road, Mahabad is 122 kilometres away from the provincial capital Urmia, and 679 kilometres away from Tehran. Railway In 2013, Mahabad was connected to the national railway and a 40 kilometre route between the city and Miandoab was established. The project was inaugurated in the presence of then president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Bus system In 2000, the Mahabad bus service was inaugurated with five buses which operated three routes within the city. By 2007, the number of buses had reached 39 which operated nine routes. == Sports ==

The biggest sports complex in Mahabad is the Azadi Sports Complex. The complex has a football ground which was built in 1973, a 2,000 seat covered arena, a wrestling hall, table tennis complex, weightlifting hall and a gymnastics hall. Volleyball Volleyball is the most popular sport in Mahabad and the city has several teams playing in the different levels of the Iranian league system. Mahabad's rise in volleyball dates back to the 1990s, when Farmandarie Mahabad became champions of the Iranian first division (second tier). In 1995, the team then went on to finish a record fourth in the Iranian Super League, however the team was dissolved only shortly after. Farhad Piroutpour is the most successful player to have come from Mahabad, he has been a member of the Iran national volleyball team since 2011. In 2012, after two decades, Farmandarie Mahabad was re-established and began competing in the Iranian first division. In 2013, another team by the name of Shahrdari Mahabad was formed and started competing in the West Azerbaijan Super League. ==Notable people==

• Pakhshan Azizi (born 1984), human rights activist • Amir Hassanpour (1943-2017), scholar and researcher • Arezu Jahani-Asl (born 1970s), physician, neurobiologist, and researcher • Abdurrahman Sharafkandi (1921–1991), writer and poet ==See also==