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Michael Martinez (Tolkien scholar)

Michael Martinez is an author and Tolkien scholar.

Life
Michael Martinez was born in 1959. He is a Tolkien scholar. In 1997 he launched the Xenite.Org website for fans of fantasy and science fiction; he has published many essays on that website. He also writes about programming languages and search engine optimization. == Tolkien scholar ==
Tolkien scholar
The Tolkien scholar Colin Duriez states that Martinez has written about many aspects of Tolkien's writings, and has "a loyal following of readers" on the World Wide Web. David Bratman writes in Tolkien Studies that Understanding Middle-earth is a "somewhat rewritten... collection of Web-published essays by a popular online writer on Tolkien." Robin Anne Reid, in Journal of Tolkien Research, notes Martinez's statement in his essay "What is the Munby Letter?" that Tolkien affirmed in that unpublished letter that there were "Orc-women". Reid adds that this agrees with Tolkien's mentions of "half-breed Orcs" and that they could reproduce. Thomas Honegger, also in Journal of Tolkien Research, writes that a single word can often be crucial in Tolkien scholarship. In the context of a discussion of whether Tolkien was envisaging late-medieval knightly chivalry, he quotes Martinez's essay "Was Imrahil's Vambrace Made of Metal?", noting that the key point is Martinez's statement that calling the forearm armour metal "is merely a product of wishful thinking" by people with an image of medieval knights in "full plate armor". Gregers Einer Forssling quotes Martinez's defence of Tolkien from the charge of Nordicism, the racist ideology of Nordic supremacy. He notes that Martinez quotes Tolkien's own rejection of "this Nordic nonsense", and that Martinez mentions Tolkien's regret that "the term Nordic had become associated with 'racialist theories'", thus rebutting Stephen Shapiro's assertion that "themes of cultural and biological Nordicism can be recognised in The Lord of the Rings". == Works ==
Works
• 1996: Parma Endorion: Essays on Middle-earth, illustrated by Anke Eißmann (free e-book; 3rd edition, 2001). • 2000: Visualizing Middle-earth, Xlibris. • 2003: ''Understanding Middle-earth: Essays on Tolkien's Middle-earth'', Visisphere. • 2014: Mindfaring through Middle-earth, Xenite.Org (e-book). == References ==
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