FC Boston Following the
2015 college season, Robinson joined
FC Boston, the semi-professional outfit of his youth club FC Boston Bolts, in the
Premier Development League. Robinson played six matches during his time with FC Boston and following the season, was named as the top defender among college prospects by the
United Soccer League.
Atlanta United On January 4, 2017, Robinson elected to leave
Syracuse early and signed a
Generation Adidas contract with
Major League Soccer, allowing him to be selected in the
2017 MLS SuperDraft. Robinson was selected as the second overall pick in the draft on January 13 by expansion side
Atlanta United Loan to Charleston Battery On May 23, 2017, after only appearing on the bench for
Atlanta United, Robinson joined
United Soccer League club
Charleston Battery on a short-term loan. He made his professional debut for Charleston two days later in their 1–0 away victory over
Bethlehem Steel, partnering with
Taylor Mueller. On July 26, Robinson scored his first goal for the Battery, an 11th-minute opener in a 2–2 draw against the
Pittsburgh Riverhounds.
Return to Atlanta United On June 14, 2017, Robinson returned from his loan with
Charleston Battery temporarily to make his debut for
Atlanta United in their
U.S. Open Cup match against the Battery themselves. He started next to
Anton Walkes as Atlanta United won 3–2. This would be Robinson's only appearance for Atlanta United in his debut professional season. Robinson began the next season on the bench for Atlanta United against the
Vancouver Whitecaps FC on March 17, 2018. On March 24, Robinson appeared for
Atlanta United 2, the club's reserve affiliate in the United Soccer League, against
New York Red Bulls II, starting in the 3–1 victory. On April 7, Robinson made his first league appearance after
Leandro González Pírez was suspended. Starting for head coach
Tata Martino in a back three against
Los Angeles FC, Atlanta won 5–0 at home. He made only 14 appearances for Atlanta United in 2018, two of which came in the
2018 MLS playoffs. On November 11, due to an injury to starter
Jeff Larentowicz, Robinson was included in the starting line-up for Atlanta United against
New York City FC in the
Eastern Conference semifinals second-leg. He held his own in the back three as Atlanta United won 3–1 and advanced on aggregate. Robinson was then selected to the bench for Atlanta United in
MLS Cup 2018 against the
Portland Timbers, but he did not come off the bench as his side won 2–0, winning the championship. Following the 2018 season, Robinson had a breakthrough season in
2019 under new head coach
Frank de Boer. He made his North American debut on February 21 against
Herediano in the
CONCACAF Champions League. He started alongside González Pírez and
Michael Parkhurst as Atlanta United were defeated 3–1 away. He started the second leg matchup as well which saw Atlanta United win 4–0, advancing 5–3 on aggregate. Under de Boer, Robinson became a solid starter for Atlanta United's defense, as he started in 33 out of 34 matches during the regular season. On August 14, 2019, Robinson came on as a substitute in Atlanta United's 3–2 victory over Mexican side
América in the
Campeones Cup. He was then selected to start in the
U.S. Open Cup Final on August 27 against
Minnesota United, as Atlanta United won 2–1. This was Robinson's second major trophy. Following the end of the regular season, Robinson finished third in the voting for MLS Defender of the Year, finishing behind
Ike Opara and
Walker Zimmerman. He was then selected into the MLS Best XI for the
2019 season. On October 8, 2019, Robinson signed a new contract with Atlanta United, keeping him with the club until 2023. In October 2019, while away with the
United States national team, Robinson suffered a hamstring injury which would rule him out of the
MLS Cup Playoffs, ending his season. The next season, following his recovery, Robinson suffered a quad strain during the club's pre-season match against
Leones Negros. The injury meant that Robinson would miss Atlanta United's opening round matches against
Motagua in the Champions League and their first two league matches against
Nashville SC and
FC Cincinnati. Due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, play was temporarily suspended until July, when Atlanta United entered the
MLS is Back Tournament. Robinson was listed in the squad as healthy. He made 18 appearances during the
2020 season, but couldn't help the club avoid missing the playoffs for the first time in club history. On August 4, 2021, Robinson was selected to represent Major League Soccer in the
MLS All-Star Game against the
Liga MX All-Stars. He came on as a substitute during the match on August 25 at
Banc of California Stadium in
Los Angeles as the MLS All-Stars won 3–2 in the penalty shootout. On May 7, 2022, Robinson tore his left Achilles tendon during an MLS match against the Chicago Fire. He underwent surgery on May 9, 2022, with the recovery expected to prevent him from playing in the upcoming
2022 World Cup.
FC Cincinnati On January 3, 2024, Robinson signed as a free agent with
FC Cincinnati on a one-year deal, with Cincinnati having the option to extend the deal for another year. ==International career==