Oceania •
Christmas Island, location of
Christmas Island Detention Centre which houses people who have entered Australia as illegal immigrants. Processing centre to determine individuals genuinely seeking asylum and return those who are not. •
Cockatoo Island, use as prison began in 1839 •
Great Palm Island, Aboriginal prison (
Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement) •
Los Negros Island (Papua New Guinea), site of
Manus Regional Processing Centre from 2001 to 2017 •
Norfolk Island,
penal colony from 1788 to 1814 •
Pinchgut Island, prison in the 1790s •
Rottnest Island, Aboriginal prison from 1838 to 1931 •
St Helena Island, prison from 1867 to 1933 •
Sarah Island and neighboring Grummet Island
Bahrain •
Jidda Island, prison from 1930 until the 1970s
Bulgaria •
St. Anastasia Island, used as a prison island for political prisoners between 1925 and 1940
Canada •
Georges Island, prison during the
Seven Years' War and
American Revolution •
Melville Island, prison from 1793 to 1815 and 1856 to the 1930s
Channel Islands •
Alderney, 1940–1945, four camps built during the
German occupation of the Channel Islands: two camps of
"volunteer" workers (
Lager Borkum,
Lager Norderney) and two subcamps of
Neuengamme concentration camp (
Lager Helgoland,
Lager Sylt). European forced labourers were made to build fortifications on the island
China •
Dongguan Prison occupies most of Xinzhou, an island in the
East River Colombia •
Gorgona Island, prison from 1959 to 1984
Costa Rica •
San Lucas Island, prison from 1873 to 1991
Croatia •
Goli otok, location of the prison and torture camp for political dissidents in
SFR Yugoslavia from 1949 to 1988
Eritrea •
Nakura, colonial Italian
Nocra prison camp Fiji •
Nukulau, prison from 2000 to 2006
France •
Île Royale, 1852–1952, part of the
Devil's Island penal colony •
Devil's Island (Kourou), 1852–1952, part of the
Devil's Island penal colony •
Saint-Joseph Island, 1852–1952, part of the
Devil's Island penal colony •
Île Sainte-Marguerite, 1600s–1900s •
Île d'Yeu, 1945–1951, used to imprison
Philippe Pétain, collaborationist leader of
Vichy France. •
Château d'If, 17th century–1890, famous as a setting for
The Count of Monte Cristo Greece •
Agios Efstratios, •
Gyaros, prison and torture camp after the Greek Civil War •
Makronisos, political prison from 1920s to 1970s
Hong Kong •
Hei Ling Chau • Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centre, 1975–present • Hei Ling Chau Correctional Institution, 1994–present • Lai Sun Correctional Institution, 1984–present • Nei Kwu Correctional Institution, 2002–present •
Tai A Chau • Tai A Chau Detention Centre, 1991–96
India •
Ross Island, prison from 1858 to 1945 •
Viper Island, former British prison
Indonesia •
Buru, prison in 1960s–1970s •
Nusa Kambangan, notorious prison island off the southern coast of Java, containing a number of prisons
Ireland •
Dalkey Island, used in the 10th century as a holding area for
slaves prior to sale by the
Vikings of
Dublin •
Spike Island, County Cork, a prison from as early as the 17th century (current structure is an 18th-century bastion fort named Fort Mitchel). It closed in 2004 and is now a museum.
Isle of Man •
Hutchinson Internment Camp, 1940–1945, in the southeast of the
Isle of Man. Held Austrian and German internees until 1944, when it became a
POW camp Italy •
Asinara, prison from World War I until 1997 •
Elba, held
Napoleon from 1814 to 1815 •
Gorgona, site of
Gorgona Agricultural Penal Colony since 1869 •
Pianosa, prison from 1856 to 1998 •
Ponza, prison during Fascist era •
Santo Stefano Island, prison from 1797 to 1965; 'Italy’s Alcatraz' •
Ustica, prison from Fascist era until the 1950s
Japan •
Hachijō-jima, prison until the
Meiji Restoration •
Kami-shima, prison during the Edo period
Madagascar •
Nosy Lava Malaysia •
Jerejak Island, location of the Jerejak Rehabilitation Centre from 1969 to 1993; called the 'Alcatraz of Malaysia'
Maldives •
Dhoonidhoo Mexico •
Islas Marías, site of
Islas Marías Federal Prison from 1905 to 2019
Montenegro •
Grmožur, a fortified islet in
Lake Skadar which served as a prison •
Mamula, location of the
Fascist Italian concentration camp, from 1942 to 1945
Namibia •
Shark Island concentration camp, 1905–1907, used during the
Herero and Nama genocide New Zealand •
Motuihe Island, World War I internment camp famous for holding
Felix von Luckner Norway •
Bastøy Island, liberal prison begun in 1982 •
Munkholmen Panama •
Coiba, prison from 1919 to 2004
Peru •
El Frontón, prison from 1917 to 1980s •
San Lorenzo Island, temporary prison in the 1990s
Portugal •
Santiago, Cape Verde, site of
Tarrafal concentration camp from 1936 to 1974
Russia •
Mudyug Island, British/French prison camp near
Arkhangelsk •
Nazino Island, site of mass deportation and murder in 1933 •
Ognenny Ostrov, location of Vologodskiy Pyatak prison since 1917 •
Solovetsky Islands, site of
Solovki prison camp Gulag •
Trofimovsk Island, deportation site of Lithuanians and Finns in the
Lena River delta
Saint Helena •
Saint Helena, famously held
Napoleon; held prisoners during the
Second Anglo-Boer War Seychelles •
Coëtivy Island •
Marie Louise Island, from 2012 to 2017
Singapore •
Pulau Senang, prison from 1960 to 1964
South Africa •
Robben Island, location of Robben Island Prison from 1961 to 1996. The Island was used to incarcerate political prisoners as early as the 17th Century, and later during the
Xhosa Wars South Korea •
Geojedo, active during the
Korean War;
Geoje POW camp Syria •
Arwad, prison under French colonial rule
Taiwan •
Green Island, prison during Taiwan's period of martial law
Tanzania •
Changuu, known as 'Prison Island'; held rebellious slaves in 1860s
Timor Leste •
Atauro, used as prison by Portugal and Indonesia
Trinidad and Tobago •
Carrera Island, prison since the late 19th century
Tonga •
ʻAtā, prison since 2001
Thailand •
Ko Tao Between 1943 and 1944, Koh Tao was used as a political prison.
Turkey •
Hapishane Adası, former Roman prison •
İmralı island, location of a
prison since 1935
United Kingdom and Ireland •
Bass Rock, castle used as a prison from 15th century to 18th century •
Drake's Island, prison in the 17th century •
Inishbofin, the
star fort on the island was used as a prison for Catholic priests during the
Cromwellian invasion of Ireland •
Jail Island, prison in the 1600s •
Spike Island, County Cork, from 1847 to 2004. Part of
Treaty Ports United States •
Alcatraz Island, location of
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary from 1934 until 1963 •
Belle Isle, prison camp (Confederate) during the American Civil War •
Castle Island, prison in the 18th century •
Deer Island, location of
Deer Island Prison, closed in 1991 •
Diego Garcia, overseas territory of the United Kingdom believed to be a
CIA black site circa 2005 •
Dry Tortugas/
Garden Key, prison on
Fort Jefferson during and after the American Civil War •
Governors Island •
Hart Island, prison from 1865 to 1967 •
Johnson's Island, prison camp (Union) during the American Civil War •
Kahoʻolawe, Hawaiian penal colony from 1830 to 1853 •
McNeil Island, location of
McNeil Island Corrections Center from 1875 to 2011 •
Rikers Island, location of
New York City's main jail complex •
Rock Island, prison camp (Union) during the American Civil War •
Roosevelt Island (formerly Blackwell's Island), prison in the 19th century •
Terminal Island, a low security federal prison
Vietnam •
Côn Sơn Island, French colonial and South Vietnamese prison ==Prison islands in fiction==