Early years Elena Stasova was born in
Saint Petersburg in 1873, the youngest of five children, in an eminent
noble family. Her father was the state attorney
Dmitry Stasov, while her aunt was the feminist activist
Nadezhda Stasova. She was educated at home until the age of 13, and then at the prestigious Tagantsev private school for girls. Stasova described her political awakening as being tied to a realization that other people "made it possible for us, the intelligentsia, to live the way we did." At the age of about 20 she began teaching in evening classes and Sunday schools in
Ligovo, which brought her into contact with female political activists such as
Nadezhda Krupskaya, future wife of
Vladimir Lenin. She joined the
Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDLP) at the time of its establishment in 1898, her main contribution being to use her parents' house to store illegal socialist literature. Her uncle was art critic
Vladimir Stasov. Her father, Dmitry (1828–1918), was the most eminent liberal Russian lawyer of his generation. As a young man, he had a promising career working for the Senate, and a
Herald at the
coronation of
Alexander II – but was barred for life from government service after he was arrested during a student demonstration. He set up in private practice, and was defence counsel in numerous political trials, including the trial of
Dmitry Karakozov, the first of the revolutionaries to attempt to assassinate Alexander II, the
Trial of the 50, which was the first political trial to be held in public in Russia, and at Russia's largest political trial, the
Trial of the 193. He was arrested in 1880, by order of the Tsar, and banished from St Petersburg for a time. Later, he was President of the Russian Council of Lawyers. A keen pianist, he also co-founded the
St Petersburg Conservatory with
Anton Rubinstein.
Bolshevik revolutionary When the RSDLP split into
Bolshevik and
Menshevik factions in 1903, Stasova cast her lot with
Lenin and the Bolsheviks as a
professional revolutionary. Over the next two years Stasova adopted the pseudonyms "Absolute" and "Thick". Other pseudonyms which Stasova used during the underground period included "Delta", "Heron", "Knol", and "Varvara Ivanovna". She served as the conduit for Lenin's newspaper,
Iskra, in St. Petersburg, until her arrest in January 1904, which forced her to leave the capital and hide in
Minsk. For the rest of that year she traveled to several cities, acting as a specialist in "technical matters", such as creating false passports, organising escape routes, and making contact with sympathisers in the Russian army. In spring 1904, Stasova was appointed secretary of the Northern Bureau of the Bolshevik Central Committee. In June, she was assigned to take over the Southern Bureau, based in Odessa, but was arrested and held in
Taganka Prison for six months. Arrested on her return to Tiflis, in May 1912, she was tried in May 1913, with
Suren Spandaryan and others, and sentenced to deportation to Siberia. She was allowed to return to St Petersburg in autumn 1916, and was arrested there and held in a police station overnight in February 1917, but released in the morning because of the outbreak of the
February Revolution. Stasova served as a member of the Central Control Commission of the Russian Communist Party from 1930 to 1934, and in 1935 the
7th World Congress of the Comintern named her a member of the International Control Commission. Unusually, she retained her place on the International Control Commission until the Comintern was abolished in 1943, and in 1938 was re-employed as an editor of the magazine
International Literature. Stasova continued in this role until 1946, when she retired.
Death and legacy After Stalin's death, Elena Stasova was the last surviving Old Bolshevik who had served on the Central Committee during the 1917 revolution. She made very few public appearances after retiring, but in 1961, she was one of four Old Bolsheviks who signed an appeal to the
22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for the posthumous rehabilitation of
Nikolai Bukharin. A boarding school for foreigners in
Ivanovo, Russia called the Ivanovo International Boarding School ("
Interdom"), established by MOPR in 1933, was named after Elena Stasova. Stasova died on 31 December 1966 at Moscow and was placed in an urn in the
Kremlin Wall Necropolis. == Writings ==