Dina Boluarte The
foreign policy of the government of Dina Boluarte has been represented by
Ana Gervasi (2022–2023),
Javier González-Olaechea (2023–2024) and
Elmer Schialer (2024–2025) as
ministers of foreign affairs of Peru. It has been marked by the strengthening of Peru's relations with the
People's Republic of China, expressed in
Boluarte's trip to that country and the holding of the
APEC Peru 2024 summit with the participation of President
Xi Jinping, with a subsequent cooling in relations with the
United States; the
diplomatic conflict over the removal of Pedro Castillo with the governments of
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Colombia and
Mexico; accession to the "Pact for the Future" and the signing of the "
High Seas Treaty" of the
United Nations;
International organizations and treaties After the failed
self-coup attempt by Pedro Castillo and Boluarte's subsequent
assumption of office, the
Puebla Group, which brings together various left-wing organizations, expressed to Boluarte "all our support" to lead Peru toward a "new social pact". The
Madrid Forum, an Ibero-American organization created by the Spanish party
Vox that brings together right-wing politicians and organizations, denounced in 2023 a "foreign plan to destabilize Peru" in the context of the protests during the
social upheaval. The
São Paulo Forum, meanwhile, positioned itself against Boluarte's government and rejected the "criminalization of social protest". Boluarte's government had clashes with multiple international organizations after the
pardon of
Alberto Fujimori in 2023, among them the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), which had asked it to refrain from releasing him. The
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), for its part, issued a report on the protests during the social upheaval in which it stated that the state response "was characterized by the disproportionate, indiscriminate and lethal use of force", denouncing cases of "extrajudicial executions". The Peruvian government rejected the IACHR's assertions. In 2023, Boluarte signed the "Belém Declaration". In May 2024, Peru acceded to the
Artemis Accords. Subsequently, Foreign Minister Schialer had Peru accede to the UN's "Pact for the Future", based on the
Sustainable Development Goals. This prompted criticism from the Peruvian right. In addition, after traveling to France, Boluarte signed the "
High Seas Treaty", an act that drew criticism, accusations and complaints of alleged treason due to loss of sovereignty. During Boluarte's government, Peru came into conflict with the
OECD, with the government criticized by the international organization regarding Law 31990, the OECD demanding that the government not approve it. This situation led to the freezing of Peru's accession process to that international organization. In her 2025 message to the Nation, Boluarte declared that Peru had formally begun the OECD accession process, although that process had begun during the administration of
Pedro Castillo. However, by September of that same year, the OECD warned that Peru was not complying with the provisions contained in its convention.
International relations Americas Argentina On December 9, 2022, Argentine president
Alberto Fernández gave his backing and support to Boluarte amid the transition between her government and Castillo's, according to a statement the president posted on social media thanking Fernández. On December 12, Argentina published a joint statement with Bolivia, Colombia and Mexico, expressing concern about the situation in Peru, criticizing that Pedro Castillo was the "victim of anti-democratic harassment", calling for his human rights and urging "those who make up the institutions to refrain from reversing the popular will expressed through free suffrage". Boluarte responded by declaring: "I very much regret that these presidents have to accompany in his defense a former president who carried out a
coup d'état, which turns him into a dictator and, on top of that,
under investigation for corruption-related issues".
Bolivia On December 12, 2022, the
government of Luis Arce published a joint statement with Argentina, Colombia and Mexico, expressing concern about the situation in Peru, criticizing that Pedro Castillo was the "victim of anti-democratic harassment", In July 2025, after declaring in her message to the Nation that Bolivia was a "failed country", the Bolivian Foreign Ministry expressed its rejection of those statements. In response, Foreign Minister Schialer declared that the president's words had been misinterpreted and denied that there were intentions to break relations with Bolivia. According to
Infobae, the description of Bolivia as a "failed state" was an act of "improvisation", since Peru occupies 76th place in the Fragile States Index, five places above Bolivia.
Brazil Brazilian president
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva supported Dina Boluarte's government after her inauguration. In August 2023, Boluarte made her first official trip abroad, attending the 4th Meeting of Presidents of the States Parties to the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (
ACTO) in Brazil, where she met with the president.
Canada Canada's ambassador to the United States and Chilean president
Gabriel Boric refused to hold a meeting with Boluarte together with businesspeople at
APEC in the United States in November 2023.
Chile Chilean president
Gabriel Boric criticized Boluarte before the
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) in January 2023 for the repression that occurred in the
protests against her government that year, which left 50 dead, and described as "unacceptable" the violent
entry of the police into the
National University of San Marcos in
Lima, which ended with more than 200 detentions, which according to him revived "the sad scenes of the times of the
dictatorships of the
Southern Cone", expressing "the urgent need for a change of course". Due to the
migration crisis at the border regarding irregular migrants, Peruvian authorities blamed President Boric for the situation. Boric and Canada's ambassador to the United States refused to hold a meeting with Boluarte together with businesspeople at APEC in the United States in November 2023. On December 12, 2022, Colombia published a joint statement with Argentina, Bolivia and Mexico, expressing concern about the situation in Peru, criticizing that Pedro Castillo was the "victim of anti-democratic harassment", In September 2023, Boluarte stated in an interview that "we will keep moving forward with regard to Colombia, so nothing is lost
". In August, Petro accused Peru, via
X, of "taking over"
Santa Rosa Island (
Chinería) and violating the
Protocol of Rio de Janeiro by creating the
district of Santa Rosa de Loreto. In
Leticia, he reiterated that Colombia does not recognize Peruvian sovereignty over the island. The Peruvian government rejected these statements through an official pronouncement, recalling that the territory is under Peru's full jurisdiction according to the
Salomón-Lozano Treaty and subsequent agreements. From Japan, President Boluarte reaffirmed that the island belongs to Peru and denied the existence of a territorial dispute.
Cuba Cuba supported Pedro Castillo during his vacancy process; however, after Dina Boluarte took office,
Miguel Díaz-Canel declared that "Cuba defends the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of states" and that "it is up to the Peruvian people to find solutions to their challenges by themselves, by virtue of their legitimate interests", assuring that their decisions "must be respected".
Ecuador Dina Boluarte received President
Guillermo Lasso in Lima, awarding him the
Order of the Sun of Peru in October 2023, and they decided to extend the validity of the Binational Development Plan for the Peru-Ecuador Border Region. Boluarte congratulated President
Daniel Noboa after his victory in the 2023 election. After the outbreak of the
internal armed conflict in Ecuador, Boluarte's government declared that it "strongly condemns the acts of violence that occurred" and that "Peru expresses its solidarity with the victims". At the beginning of July 2024, the 15th Peru-Ecuador Binational Cabinet was held in Lima, with President Noboa in attendance. During this meeting, the Presidential Declaration of Lima was signed. In May 2025, the president visited Quito for
Noboa's second presidential inauguration. During her stay, she held a meeting with her Ecuadorian counterpart, in which both presidents signed a roadmap for the protection of the Puyango-Tumbes basin.
El Salvador In 2023, a political debate arose in Peru over whether Boluarte's government should implement a
security policy similar to that of Salvadoran president
Nayib Bukele. Bukele posted a poll on
X asking whether the "Bukele Plan" should be implemented in Peru, and the result was favorable by 93%. In February 2024, the Peruvian Foreign Ministry issued a congratulatory statement to President Bukele after he announced himself the winner of the election.
United States After Castillo's failed self-coup attempt and after Boluarte assumed office, the United States recognized her as president of Peru. Subsequently, Secretary of State
Antony Blinken reiterated the United States' support for Peru's "democratic institutional process". However, after the deaths during the social upheaval, then-ambassador
Lisa Kenna stated that "it is urgent that measures be taken to stop this painful situation of violence and avoid the loss of more human lives". By July 2023, a group of 15
Democratic members of Congress sent a letter to Blinken expressing "serious concerns about threats to human rights, democracy and the rule of law". Subsequently, by April 2024, the
State Department, led by Blinken, presented a report on human rights in 2023 in which it accused, based on "credible reports", Boluarte's government of extrajudicial executions, censorship and corruption. In May 2023, as Castillo had done during his term, the Peruvian government authorized the entry of U.S. military personnel into Peru for training activities between American and Peruvian forces. The
Congress authorized President Dina Boluarte's trip to the United States in October 2023, where she participated in the first Summit of Leaders of the Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity (APEP), after the announcement that she would have a meeting with U.S. president
Joe Biden that had not actually been scheduled. After that meeting did not take place, a scandal ensued that ended with the resignation of Foreign Minister
Ana Gervasi and the ambassador to the United States,
Gustavo Meza-Cuadra. Subsequently, as part of the APEC 2024 summit, Biden and Boluarte would hold a meeting in which they discussed the fight against drug trafficking, the donation of
Caltrain trains from California to the
Metropolitan Municipality of Lima, cooperation with
NASA on space issues, and the process of restoring democracy in Venezuela. Despite this, Peru's distancing from the United States was noted due to Biden's discreet reception compared with Xi Jinping's, as the American president was received by Prime Minister
Gustavo Adrianzén without red carpet or protocol honors.
Donald Trump also intended to apply tariffs to exported Peruvian products, which ADEX warned would affect eight out of every ten empty containers. Subsequently, on May 13, 2025, the United States officially called on Peru to limit its relationship with China, after a meeting at
The Pentagon between
Pete Hegseth,
U.S. secretary of defense;
Walter Astudillo,
Peruvian defense minister; and Foreign Minister Schialer. On June 26 of the same year,
The New York Times revealed that the U.S. government had repeatedly pressured Peru to receive foreign criminals in its prisons. Those proposals, despite Schialer mentioning on one occasion that the viability of that option could be considered, were rejected in their entirety by the Peruvian government. In September, at a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Boluarte declared, with a mocking smile, that "I know that many, and especially President Trump, have not liked that we inaugurated the
Port of Chancay", declaring that she had asked President
Joe Biden during
APEC 2023 to meet with Trump, but it did not happen, although she later said she wished to meet with Trump to discuss investment options and for the U.S. to have more presence in Latin America and Peru. Boluarte's comments were seen as an attempt to seek to strengthen relations with the U.S. as well as with other powers, although also as mischievous mockery. Subsequently,
Gustavo Adrianzén, Peru's permanent representative to the United Nations, reported that, after her statements, Boluarte would have had a private meeting with Trump. For his part,
Rafael López Aliaga,
mayor of Lima, reported that the State Department would present a formal complaint to the Peruvian government for not putting into operation the donated
Lima-Chosica commuter rail since they considered such action a "very serious insult" on the part of Boluarte's government.
Mexico Mexican president
Andrés Manuel López Obrador described the
third vacancy process against Pedro Castillo as a "
soft coup", Castillo having been detained on the way to the Mexican Embassy in Peru to obtain
political asylum. On December 12, 2022, Mexico published a joint statement with Argentina, Bolivia and Colombia, expressing concern about the situation in Peru, criticizing that Pedro Castillo was the "victim of anti-democratic harassment", On February 24, 2023, President Boluarte accused President AMLO of "interference in internal affairs" and announced the withdrawal of Peru's ambassador to Mexico, declaring that relations between the two countries "are formally reduced to the level of chargés d'affaires". Boluarte declared on May 7, 2023: "I very much regret that these presidents have to accompany in his defense a former president who carried out a coup d'état, which turns him into a dictator and, on top of that, under investigation for corruption-related issues". Foreign Minister Gervasi criticized the measure, responding that this "is a manifestation of the level of negligence with which he guides his actions in the foreign sphere" and accusing him of not following "the principles and values that govern democratic coexistence in the region".
Venezuela The
government of Nicolás Maduro and Boluarte's government have had diplomatic frictions since the social unrest. Chavista representative
Diosdado Cabello described the
acts of police repression that occurred in Juliaca as a "massacre". Subsequently, the
National Police of Peru assaulted members of Venezuela's football team in the match between the two countries held in Lima in 2023, and the Venezuelan football team's plane was denied the ability to refuel for several hours for no apparent reason. In 2024, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered Venezuelan diplomats accredited in Peru to leave the country within a maximum of 72 hours. The order came after its foreign minister denounced electoral fraud in the
2024 Venezuelan presidential election. In that election, only 659 of the more than one million Venezuelans residing in Peruvian territory were eligible to vote and, in that group, the candidate with the most votes was
Edmundo González. Hours later, Venezuela broke relations. In 2025, the Peruvian government ratified that it would not recognize Nicolás Maduro during his
third inauguration of Nicolás Maduro, opting to recognize Edmundo González as president-elect. Dina Boluarte called him a "tyrant" and compared him to Pedro Castillo's self-coup attempt, ignoring all responsibility for accusations of human rights violations. The Peruvian government decorated Edmundo González with the
Order of the Sun of Peru. In addition, it advocated for a democratic transition, rejecting any intervention in Venezuela and describing such action, if it occurred, as an "invasion".
Asia Brunei In November 2024, within the framework of
APEC, the
sultan of Brunei,
Hassanal Bolkiah, paid a state visit to Peru, where he met with President Dina Boluarte. During the meeting, they addressed issues such as economic cooperation, collaboration in the energy sector and joint efforts to mitigate climate change. The president decorated the Asian monarch with the Order of the Sun.
China In November 2023, in
San Francisco, United States, during the 30th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting,
Xi Jinping met with Boluarte, where both discussed strengthening cooperation between China and Peru. In June 2024, President Boluarte made an official visit to China, where she held important political and business meetings in
Shenzhen,
Shanghai and
Beijing, including a meeting with her counterpart Xi Jinping. In November, within the framework of the APEC summit, the Chinese leader paid a state visit to Peru, where he met with President Boluarte. During the meeting, both leaders signed bilateral agreements, reinforcing economic cooperation between Peru and China. In addition, virtually, they jointly inaugurated the
megaport of Chancay. The Chinese leader described the port's inauguration as "the birth of a new land-sea corridor for a new era" in which "the great Inca road and the
Maritime Silk Road" would be connected. After reports of illegal fishing by Chinese vessels, Boluarte's government declared that the scarcity of jumbo flying squid was due to the
El Niño phenomenon, which was denied by the fishermen. It was alleged that Boluarte's government allowed Chinese illegal fishing. On May 12, 2025, within the framework of the 4th Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum, Foreign Minister Schialer met with
Wang Yi, director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs of the Central Committee of the
Chinese Communist Party, in which they discussed and celebrated the trade relationship between the two countries, which reached US$41 billion in 2024, representing growth of 12% compared with 2023. On May 15, through a statement, Peru welcomed China's decision to exempt Peruvian citizens from the
visa requirement to enter that eastern country, the measure entering into force on June 1. On May 26, a meeting was held between
Raúl Pérez-Reyes,
minister of economy;
César Sandoval Pozo,
minister of transport; and Fei Dongbin, president of the China National Railway Administration, to discuss the development of
rail infrastructure in Peru and promote a meeting among the governments of Brazil, China and Peru to agree on regional integration objectives through the Central Bioceanic Railway Corridor. On June 11, 2025, the Chinese ambassador to Peru, Song Yang, expressed China's desire to cooperate with Peru in its
fight against crime. On June 13, an agreement was signed between Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales S.A. (Editora Perú) and Chinese news agency
CCTV for cooperation between both state media outlets, the broadcasting of programs, technological advice, and the use by CCTV of content generated by the
Andina agency and
El Peruano.
South Korea In November 2024, in the context of the APEC forum, the
president of South Korea,
Yoon Suk-yeol, paid an official visit to Peru, where he met with President Dina Boluarte. During the meeting, both leaders signed several memorandums aimed at strengthening trade, investment, tourism and cooperation in sectors such as defense, science and technology. As part of the official ceremony, President Boluarte decorated the South Korean president with the Order of the Sun, while he distinguished the Peruvian president with the Order of Mugunghwa.
Indonesia In November 2024, within the framework of the APEC summit, the
president of Indonesia,
Prabowo Subianto, paid an official visit to Peru, where he met with President Dina Boluarte. During the meeting, both leaders addressed issues of bilateral interest, such as economic cooperation and the strengthening of ties between the two nations. As part of the visit, the Peruvian president decorated her Indonesian counterpart with the Order of the Sun. In August 2025, Boluarte paid a state visit to
Indonesia, where she met with political authorities, including the president of the
People's Representative Council, Puan Maharani; the secretary-general of the
ASEAN, Kao Kim Hourn; and her Indonesian counterpart, Prabowo Subianto. During the meeting between the two leaders, the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed with the objective of promoting bilateral trade and investment. Under this pact, 56% of Peruvian exports will enter the Southeast Asian country duty-free.
Japan During the APEC summit, the exemption from the visa requirement for Peruvian citizens traveling to
Japan was announced. Subsequently, it was announced that the measure would be in force from July 1, 2025, with the objective of strengthening relations between the two countries. In addition, during that summit, an agreement was signed between
Shigeru Ishiba,
Japanese prime minister, and the Peruvian government establishing a "roadmap" for the period 2024-2033 with a focus on collaboration in defense, mineral supply chains and economic projects. As part of the defense commitments, Ishiba announced the donation of
firefighting vehicles and specialized equipment to combat
forest fires. In August 2025, the president made an official visit to Japan, where she participated in various activities. Among them, she inaugurated the 16th Meeting of the Peru-Japan Business Council (CEPEJA) and held a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Ishiba, in which they addressed issues of economic cooperation and the strengthening of science and technology. Likewise, she held an audience with Emperor
Naruhito, with whom she discussed the cultural tradition that has united both nations for more than 150 years.
Malaysia In November 2024, within the framework of APEC,
Malaysian prime minister Anwar Ibrahim paid an official visit to Peru, where he met with President Dina Boluarte. During the meeting, both leaders signed various memorandums of understanding in the fields of Halal certification, agriculture, gastronomy and tourism. The head of state decorated the prime minister with the Order of the Sun.
Vietnam In November 2024, on the occasion of the APEC meeting, the
president of Vietnam,
Lương Cường, made his first official visit, being decorated with the Order of the Sun by President Boluarte. The visit coincided with the 30th anniversary of the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. A joint declaration was issued in which preparations were established for the opening of Vietnam's embassy in Peru and an invitation was extended to Boluarte to visit Vietnam on a date to be determined.
Europe Spain On December 8, 2022, after speaking with Boluarte,
Pedro Sánchez, president of
Spain, condemned the rupture of the constitutional order brought about by Castillo and conveyed his support to Boluarte "in defense of the Constitution and the rule of law". Subsequently, in 2023, Boluarte congratulated Sánchez on his
re-election as prime minister.
Vatican City In 2023, Dina Boluarte paid a visit to
Vatican City. She met with
Pope Francis to discuss cooperation between the Church and the State, and the meeting lasted half an hour. Channel
TV Perú interpreted it as "an official act with strong symbolic content". However, congressman
Carlos Anderson stated that Pope Francis did not show strong affection toward Boluarte and accused her of not morally representing the country during the visit. Francis died in 2025, and Peruvian foreign minister Elmer Schialer arrived at the Vatican to attend the supreme pontiff's funeral. In 2025, Dina Boluarte welcomed the election of Pope
Leo XIV, of American-Peruvian nationality. The
Ombudsman's Office announced in a statement that "we join the voices of the continent that see in the new Pope an opportunity to strengthen the bonds of unity, solidarity and peace in the world". In May of that year, Boluarte traveled to meet Leo XIV and gave him a gold replica of the
Cross of Motupe, which was in fact a gift from the Lambayeque delegation. In July, in her message to the Nation, Boluarte read a letter sent by Leo XIV while reiterating an invitation to the Pope to visit Peru.
On international conflicts Russian-Ukrainian conflict On February 23, 2023, Peru co-sponsored and voted in favor of the "Principles of the Charter of the
United Nations underlying a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in
Ukraine". On February 24, 2024, through a statement, the Peruvian government called for "a cessation of hostilities to open the way to dialogues leading to a diplomatic, peaceful, negotiated and lasting solution". On June 16, 2024, Foreign Minister Gonzalez-Olaechea proposed the formation of a group of facilitating countries, accepted by both
Russia and Ukraine, to identify areas of consensus and work for vulnerable populations in the conflict. On February 7, 2025, Foreign Minister Schialler held a meeting with Andrii Sybiha, Ukraine's foreign minister, where they discussed strengthening relations between the two countries. After the death of José Ávila, a Peruvian citizen enlisted in the
Ukrainian army, the Peruvian Foreign Ministry contacted the Ukrainian embassy in Peru to begin procedures to facilitate the transfer of the deceased's body.
Israel-Gaza conflict On May 8, 2024, through a statement, the Peruvian government expressed "its deep concern over the beginning of Israel's military operations in the city of
Rafah,
Gaza Strip" and reiterated its call for the
release of Israeli hostages held by
Hamas and for a
ceasefire as well as calling to "ensure
unrestricted access to humanitarian aid to Gaza". Peru reaffirmed its adherence to the
two-state solution,
Israel and Palestine "coexisting peacefully within recognized and secure borders, in accordance with international law and resolutions issued by the United Nations". On February 3, 2025,
Walid Muaqqat, Palestine's ambassador to Peru, was decorated with the Order of the Sun. On February 6, Peru spoke in favor of "the search for lasting peace in the Middle East on the basis of the two-state solution, and therefore hopes that negotiations will resume to achieve a political and final solution between Israel and Palestine in accordance with international law and resolutions issued by the United Nations". It also opposed forced displacement of the Palestinian population by Israel in the Gaza Strip. On July 23, 2025, Peru spoke in favor of "a ceasefire [in Gaza], the urgent provision of humanitarian assistance [to Gaza] and the release of [Israeli] hostages", joining the calls of the Secretary of the United Nations; it also rejected the construction of new Israeli settlements in
West Bank and its adherence to Pope Leo XIV's call for dialogue and reconciliation in the region. After the Israeli bombing of Nasser Hospital in the city of
Khan Yunis, a statement was issued condemning the events and rejecting announcements of expanded Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the occupation of Gaza City.
Iran-Israel conflict On June 13, 2025, through a statement, the Peruvian government condemned the
Israeli attack on
Iran and called for de-escalation of the conflict without mentioning accusations against Iran of possessing nuclear material. In addition, it urged Peruvian citizens to postpone travel to the
Middle East. Subsequently, after the Iranian attack on Israel, the Peruvian government condemned that act and urgently called for a ceasefire.
International trips 2023 2024 2025 Rejected trips • On 17 September 2024, Congress rejected Boluarte's request to travel to the United States to participate in the High-level Week of the Seventy-ninth Session of the United Nations General Assembly. • After the
death of Pope Francis, Boluarte requested authorization from Congress to travel to the Pope's funeral rites, a request that was rejected on 24 April 2025. == Opinion polling ==