Writing systems • Phonographic
writing systems, by definition, use symbols to represent components of auditory language, i.e.
speech, which in turn refers to things or ideas. The two main kinds of phonographic notational system are the
alphabet and the
syllabary. Some written languages are more consistent in their correlation of written symbols (or
graphemes) with sound (or
phonemes), and are therefore considered to have better
phonemic orthography. • Ideographic writing, by definition, refers to things or ideas independently of their pronunciation in any language. Some ideographic systems are also
pictograms that convey meaning through their pictorial resemblance to a physical object.
Linguistics • Various brackets, parentheses, slashes, and lines are used around words and letters in
linguistics to distinguish written from spoken forms, etc. See .
Biology and medicine •
Nucleic acid notation •
Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) •
Sequence motif pattern-description notations •
Cytogenetic notation •
Energy Systems Language Chemistry • A
chemical formula describes a chemical compound using element symbols and subscripts, e.g. for water or for glucose •
SMILES is a notation for describing the structure of a molecule with a
plain text string, e.g. N=N for nitrogen or CCO for ethanol
Computing • BNF (Backus normal form, or
Backus–Naur form) and EBNF (extended Backus-Naur form) are the two main notation techniques for context-free grammars. •
Drakon-charts are a graphical notation of algorithms and procedural knowledge. •
Hungarian notation is an identifier naming convention in
computer programming, that represents the
type or intended use of a
variable with a specific pattern within its name. •
Mathematical markup languages are computer notations for representing mathematical formulae. • Various notations have been developed to specify
regular expressions. • The
APL programming language provided a rich set of very concise new notations
Logic A variety of symbols are used to express logical ideas; see the
List of logic symbols Management • Time and motion study symbols such as
therbligs
Mathematics •
Mathematical notation is used to represent various kinds of mathematical ideas. • All types of
notation in probability •
Cartesian coordinate system, for representing position and other spatial concepts in analytic geometry •
Notation for differentiation, common representations of the
derivative in
calculus •
Big O notation, used for example in analysis to represent less significant elements of an expression, to indicate that they will be neglected •
Z notation, a formal notation for specifying objects using
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory and
first-order predicate logic •
Ordinal notation •
Set-builder notation, a formal notation for defining
sets in
set theory • Systems to represent very large numbers •
Conway chained arrow notation, an arrow system •
Knuth's up-arrow notation, an arrow system •
Steinhaus–Moser notation, Polygon Numbers •
Schläfli symbol in geometry •
Symbol Levelled notation, The Ultimate Leveller •
Numeral systems, notation for writing numbers, including •
Arabic numerals •
Roman numerals •
Scientific notation for expressing large and small numbers •
Engineering notation •
Sign-value notation, using signs or symbols to represent numbers •
Positional notation also known as place-value notation, in which each position is related to the next by a multiplier which is called the
base of that numeral system •
Binary notation, a positional notation in base two •
Octal notation, a positional notation in base eight, used in some computers •
Decimal notation, a positional notation in base ten •
Hexadecimal notation, a positional notation in base sixteen, commonly used in computers •
Sexagesimal notation, an ancient numeral system in base sixty • See also
Table of mathematical symbols - for general tokens and their definitions...
Physics •
Bra–ket notation, or Dirac notation, is an alternative representation of probability distributions in
quantum mechanics. •
Tensor index notation is used when formulating physics (particularly
continuum mechanics, electromagnetism, relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory, and general relativity) in the language of
tensors.
Typographical conventions •
Infix notation, the common arithmetic and logical formula notation, such as "
a +
b −
c". •
Polish notation or "prefix notation", which places the operator before the operands (arguments), such as "+
a b". •
Reverse Polish notation or "postfix notation", which places the operator after the operands, such as "
a b +".
Sports and games •
Baseball scorekeeping, to represent a game of baseball •
Aresti Catalogue, to represent aerobatic manoeuvres •
Chess notation, to represent moves in a game of chess •
Algebraic notation •
Portable Game Notation •
Descriptive notation •
Forsyth–Edwards Notation •
Siteswap notation represents a juggling pattern as a sequence of numbers •
Singmaster notation, to represent Rubik's Cube moves ==Graphical notations==