Origins and Middle Ages Traces of early dwellings have been found in the area, including prehistoric flint tools,
Gallo-Roman wells, and a small 9th century
Frankish building. The first mention of
Roslar dates from a document dated 821 or 822, whereby the former domain of the
Menapii, also called the
Rollare villa in later documents, was given to
Elnon Abbey. According to legend,
Baldwin Iron Arm, Count of Flanders, kidnapped Judith, the daughter of
Charles the Bold in 862 in
Senlis and brought her to a fortress that used to be where the present
Rumbeke Castle stands. The Roeselare area soon became part of the
County of Flanders. The rights to build fortifications and to hold a public market date from 957, during the lordship of
Baldwin III. The city received its
charter of freedoms in the mid-13th century, period in which it also built its first city hall and belfry. The manufacturing of cloth was then the main driver of the local economy. The few defensive walls that the city had were no match against the forces of
Maximilian of Austria, who utterly destroyed the city at the end of the 15th century. The market hall and
Saint Michael church were rebuilt in the year 1500.
16th century to Waterloo The center of Roeselare belonged throughout history to the
Fiefdom of Wijnendale and therefore fell under the responsibility of the
House of Cleves in the 15th and 16th century and under the Dukes of
Palatinate-Neuburg in the 17th and 18th century. The 16th century proved to be disastrous for the city as the Spanish rulers ruthlessly repressed any desire for autonomy in the
Low Countries, both political and religious.
Iconoclasts stormed the city in 1566 and destroyed most of the sacred art. The
Eighty Years' War that followed put an end to the wool supply from England, which in turn resulted in the disappearance of the cloth industry in Roeselare. Starting with the reigns of Archdukes
Albert and
Isabella, the beginning of the 17th century was a lot kinder to Roeselare. New churches and religious houses were built and old ones repaired. New schools also appeared in the city and the cloth industry found a new life. The second half of the century, however, was marked by the wars of
Louis XIV and Marshal
Turenne against the Spanish, with further plundering and misery. The
Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678 made Roeselare a border city, a situation that encouraged smuggling rather than regular economic development. The 18th century was a generally prosperous period that saw the construction of the current city hall. In 1794, the area was the scene of a French victory over the
Austrians. The victors imposed deep reforms on the country, such as a new legal system (the
Napoleonic Code) and the curtailment of religious freedoms, which lasted until the
Concordat of 1802 between
Napoleon and
Pope Pius VII.
Modern era ,
the Rodenbachsblad from 1909. Preserved in the
Ghent University Library. Several members of the Rodenbach family of Roeselare took part in the events leading to
Belgian Independence in 1830. Other members of the family became soldiers or diplomats. Pedro and Alexander founded the brewery which is still in operation today. The general economy, however, did not fare very well as
mechanization displaced many small artisans. The advent of the railway and the digging of a canal linking the city to the river
Lys in the 1860s were beneficial. World War I stopped the economic boom in its tracks as the city became a large camp ground for the German troops fighting on the front lines in neighbouring
Diksmuide. By the end of the war, two thirds of the city was destroyed due to British bombing. The
Transport Office of the Devastated Territories of West Flanders was set-up in Spanjestraat 56 after the war. During
World War II, on 27 and 28 May 1940, the Belgian army lost its last stand here against the advancing
Wehrmacht. This was followed by four years of German occupation, although without too much destruction. The city was liberated by the
Polish 1st Armoured Division in September 1944 (see also
Belgium–Poland relations). The city today is a regional center that provides commercial and media services, as well as a variety of occupations in the food industry, to the surrounding area. == Geography ==