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Order of Saint Alexander

The Order of St Alexander was the second highest Bulgarian order during the Kingdom of Bulgaria. It was established by Knyaz Alexander I and named after his patron saint.

History
The order was established with a decree on 25 December 1881, in honour of the patron saint of Alexander Battenberg. Initially it was planned to have five grades and a Necklace but subsequently four grades and Grand and Lesser Necklace were formed and in 1908 a Grand Cross was added. With time wartime grades with swords in the middle and above the cross were added. The order was awarded to Bulgarian and foreign citizens with the personal benevolence of the Bulgarian monarch, who was the Grand Master. ==Description==
Description
The order had a white enamelled cross pattée with golden or silver edges according to the grade. On the pendant of the obverse there was a stylized inscription with the name of the order and on the surrounding ring there was the motto СЪ НАМИ БОГЪ (God with us) with laurel wreaths below. On the reverse there was a white background with inscription 19 ФЕВРАЛЪ 1878 (19 February 1878) - the date of the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano. Atop the cross was a royal crown. The first grade was worn with a crimson moire ribbon over the right shoulder with a rosette in the edge. It had its own eight-ray silver star with the obverse of the order placed in the middle. The Grand necklace consisted of thirty interconnected medallions with crowned lions, alternated with the monogram of the founder Knyaz Alexander I and eight edges Orthodox cross. There was a special issue with two field marshal's batons which belonged to Tsar Ferdinand. The Lesser Necklace was similar to the Grand Necklace but in smaller size. The Grand Cross, established in 1908, was also similar to the initial issue but the cross was enamelled in green and in the middle of the pendant was placed a crowned Bulgarian lion. The star was of similar design with green ring around the crowned lion on red background. The other grades are like the first issue but smaller in size. The sixth grade was made in silver without enamel over the shoulders of the cross. The Ottoman sultans Abdul Hamid II and Mehmed V were respectively awarded the Grand and Lesser Necklace of the Order of St Alexander with diamonds. They are currently kept in the collection of the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. ==Grades==
Grades
• Great Cross of the Order of St Alexander, Grand and Lesser Necklace • I grade, Grand Cross. Awarded to senior state officers and military personnel. It was worn with a scarf over the shoulder. • II grade, Grand Officer Cross. The cross was with white enamel, it was worn with red ribbon and had a star. • III grade, Commander Cross. The cross was with white or green enamel (according to the emission), it was worn with red ribbon and had no star. • IV grade, Officer Cross. The cross was with white enamel, it was worn on the chest with triangle red ribbon with rosette, it had no star. • V grade, Officer Cross. The cross was with white enamel, it was worn on the chest with triangle red ribbon, it had no star. • VI grade, Silver Cross. The cross was made of silver with no enamel, it was worn on the chest with triangle red ribbon, it had no star. == Notable recipients ==
Notable recipients
;I grade, Grand Cross • Abdul Hamid IIGiacomo AcerboDuke Adolf Friedrich of MecklenburgAlois Lexa von AehrenthalAlbert I of BelgiumAlbert, 8th Prince of Thurn and TaxisAlexander I of YugoslaviaAlexander of BattenbergPrince Alexander of Hesse and by RhineDuke Alexander of OldenburgAlfred, 2nd Prince of MontenuovoGrand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of RussiaMustafa Kemal AtatürkPrince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and GothaTheodor AvellanFriedrich von Beck-RzikowskyLeopold BerchtoldVictor, Prince NapoléonBoris III of BulgariaKiril BotevWalther von BrauchitschBernhard von BülowPrince Carl, Duke of VästergötlandCharlotte of Schaumburg-LippeConstantine I of GreeceDuke Constantine Petrovich of OldenburgThéophile DelcasséRadko DimitrievGrand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of RussiaElena of MontenegroEleonore Reuss of KöstritzErnest Louis, Grand Duke of HesseErnst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinErnst II, Duke of Saxe-AltenburgFerdinand I of BulgariaFerdinand I of RomaniaPrince Francis Joseph of BattenbergFrederick VIII of DenmarkFrederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinFrederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinPietro GazzeraPrince Georg of BavariaGiovanna of ItalyAgenor Maria GołuchowskiSergey GorshkovWilhelm von HahnkeUlrich von HassellPrince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)Prince Henry of BattenbergDuke Henry of Mecklenburg-SchwerinPaul von HindenburgPrince Konrad of Hohenlohe-SchillingsfürstDietrich von Hülsen-HaeselerNikola IvanovDuke John Albert of MecklenburgArchduke Joseph August of AustriaArchduke Joseph Karl of AustriaKarl August, 10th Prince of Thurn and TaxisGustav von KesselStiliyan KovachevHermann Kövess von KövessházaPrince Kuni KuniyoshiAleksey KuropatkinVasil KutinchevKyril, Prince of PreslavVelizar LazarovArchduke Leopold Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Leopold Salvator of AustriaÉmile LoubetLouis IV, Grand Duke of HessePrince Louis of BattenbergAugust von MackensenMaria of YugoslaviaPrincess Marie Louise of Bourbon-ParmaPrince Maximilian of BadenGrand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of RussiaMilan I of SerbiaJovan MiškovićHelmuth von Moltke the YoungerSergey BiryuzovBenito MussoliniSava MutkurovNicholas II of RussiaPrince Nicholas of RomaniaDanail NikolaevPrince Paul of YugoslaviaPrince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and GothaRacho PetrovPhilipp, Landgrave of HessePrince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)Hans Heinrich XV, Prince of PlessHans von PlessenErich RaederPrince Rudolf of LiechtensteinMihail SavovMargarita Saxe-Coburg-GothaGrand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of RussiaGrand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of RussiaDuke Siegfried August in BavariaZahari StoyanovAlfred von TirpitzGeorgi Todorov (general)Stefan ToshevStefan TsanevUmberto II of ItalyPrince Valdemar of DenmarkIllarion Vorontsov-DashkovPrince Waldemar of Prussia (1889–1945)Wilhelm II, German EmperorWilhelm, German Crown PrinceWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilliam, Prince of HohenzollernSergei WitteNikola ZhekovArthur ZimmermannAugust zu Eulenburg ;II grade, Grand Officer Cross • Kliment BoyadzhievCevat ÇobanlıIvan FichevJulius RingelFerdinand SchörnerKonstantin Zhostov ;III grade, Commander Cross • Rolf AndvordWladimir Giesl von GieslingenPanteley KiselovIvan Kolev (general)Konstantin LukashHristo LukovAleksandar ProtogerovVladimir SukhomlinovIvan Valkov ;IV or V grade, Officer Cross • Petar DarvingovHeinrich Jacobi (archaeologist)Stefan NerezovRudolf ToussaintDamyan VelchevPencho Zlatev ;VI grade, Silver Cross ;Unknown Grades • Michail ArnaudovHans BaurFriedrich von BoetticherGeorgi BogdanovMichael von FaulhaberFriedrich von GeorgiHristo MatovHans MichahellesIgor MoiseyevStevan MokranjacDumitru C. MoruziEberhard Graf von SchmettowSimeon Saxe-Coburg-GothaVladimir Vazov ==References==
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