and
Lake Worth, 1915 The beginning of the historic period in south Florida is marked by
Juan Ponce de León's first contact with native people in 1513.
Europeans found a thriving native population, which they categorized into separate tribes: the
Mayaimi in the Lake Okeechobee Basin and the
Jaega and
Ais people in the East Okeechobee area and on the east coast north of the
Tequesta. When the Spanish arrived, there were around 20,000 Native Americans in south Florida. By 1763, by the time the English gained control of Florida, the native peoples had been all but wiped out through war, enslavement, or European diseases. Other native peoples from
Alabama and
Georgia moved into Florida in the early 18th century. They were of varied ancestry, but Europeans called them all Creeks. In Florida, they were known as the
Seminole and
Miccosukee Indians. The Seminoles clashed with American settlers over land and escaped slaves who found refuge among them. They resisted the government's efforts to move them to the
Indian Territory west of the
Mississippi River. Between 1818 and 1858, three wars were fought between Seminoles and the United States government. By 1858, very few Seminoles remained in Florida. The area that became West Palm Beach was settled in the late 1870s and 1880s by a few hundred settlers who called the vicinity Lake Worth Country. These settlers were a diverse community from different parts of the United States and the rest of the world. They included founding families such as the Potters and the Lainharts, who later became leading members of the business community in the fledgling city. The first white settlers in Palm Beach County lived around Lake Worth, which was then an enclosed freshwater lake, named after Colonel
William Jenkins Worth, who fought in the Second Seminole War in Florida in 1842. Most settlers engaged in the growing of tropical fruits and vegetables for shipment to the north via Lake Worth and the Indian River. By 1890, the U.S. Census counted over 200 people settled along Lake Worth in the vicinity of what later became West Palm Beach. The area at this time also boasted a hotel, the "Cocoanut House", a church, and a post office. The city was platted by
Henry Flagler as a community to house the servants working in the two grand
hotels on the neighboring island of
Palm Beach, across
Lake Worth in 1893, coinciding with the arrival of the Florida East Coast railroad. Flagler paid two area settlers, Captain Porter and Louie Hillhouse, a combined sum of $45,000 for the original town's site, stretching from Clear Lake to Lake Worth. The city was incorporated on November 5, 1894. This made West Palm Beach the first incorporated
municipality in Dade County and in
South Florida. The town council quickly addressed the building codes, and the tents and shanties were replaced by brick, brick veneer, and stone buildings. The city grew steadily during the 1890s and the first two decades of the 20th century; most residents were engaged in the tourist industry and related services or winter vegetable market and tropical fruit trade. In 1909, the Florida legislature formed Palm Beach County and West Palm Beach became its county seat. In 1916, a new neoclassical courthouse was opened. It has been painstakingly restored to its original condition and is now a local history museum. The city grew rapidly as part of the
1920s Florida land boom. The population of West Palm Beach quadrupled from 1920 to 1927, and all kinds of businesses and public services grew along with it. Many landmark structures and preserved neighborhoods were constructed during this period. Originally, Flagler intended his
Florida East Coast Railway to have its
terminus in West Palm, but after the area experienced a deep freeze, he chose to extend the railroad to Miami instead. The land boom was already faltering when the city was devastated by the
1928 Okeechobee hurricane. The Depression years of the 1930s were a quiet time for the area, which saw slight population growth and property values lower than during the 1920s. The city only recovered with the onset of World War II, which saw the construction of
Palm Beach Air Force Base, which brought thousands of military personnel to the city. The base was vital to the allied war effort, as it provided an excellent training facility and had unparalleled access to North Africa for a North American city. Also during World War II, German U-boats sank two dozen merchant ships and oil tankers off the coast of West Palm Beach. Nearby Palm Beach was under blackout conditions to minimize night visibility to German U-boats. The 1950s saw another boom in population, partly due to the return of many soldiers and airmen who served nearby during the war. Also, the advent of
air conditioning encouraged growth, as year-round living in a tropical climate became more acceptable to northerners. West Palm Beach became one of the nation's fastest-growing metropolitan areas during the 1950s; the city's borders spread west of Military Trail and south to Lake Clarke Shores. However, many city residents still lived in a narrow six-block wide strip from the south to north end. The neighborhoods were strictly segregated between White and African-American populations, a legacy that the city still struggles with today. The primary shopping district remained downtown, centered around Clematis Street. • John S. Earman becomes
mayor. • 1896 – Fire. • 1903 – "City of West Palm Beach" established. • 1905 – Population: 1,280. • 1909 – West Palm Beach designated seat of newly created
Palm Beach County. • 1912 –
Palm Beach County Fair begins. • 1916 – County courthouse constructed. • 1917 – Beaux Arts Theatre in business. • 1919 • Office of city manager created. • WJNO
radio begins broadcasting. • 1937 – Historical Society of Palm Beach County founded. • 1941 –
Norton Museum of Art established. • 1942 • April 17: City gets "8.35 inches of rain in just two hours." • U.S. military
Palm Beach Air Force Base begins operating near West Palm Beach. • 1955 – WEAT-TV (
television) begins broadcasting. • 1967 –
Palm Beach County Library System established. • 1967 – Palm Beach Mall opens. • 1967 – West Palm Beach Auditorium opens (capacity: 5,000). It would later be sold in 1998 to the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Inc (Jehovah's Witnesses) It was renovated and renamed the
West Palm Beach Christian Convention Center. 1967-- stuff happened • 1968 –
Palm Beach Atlantic College established. • 1977 –
Snow is reported on January 19 at Palm Beach International Airport from 6:10 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. • 1979 –
Cross County Mall in business. • 1980 – Population: 63,305. • 1985 –
Plaza hi-rise built. • 1991 •
Yesteryear Village (museum) opens. • November 19: Nancy M. Graham
elected first strong mayor of West Palm Beach. • 1994 – "County Judicial Complex" built. • 1997 –
West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium closes. • 1999 –
Trump International Golf Club in business. • 2000 • May:
Lake Worth Middle School shooting occurs. • October 27:
CityPlace opens • December 4:
Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board lawsuit decided during the
2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida. • City website online (approximate date). • 2010 – Population: 99,919. • 2011 –
Jeri Muoio becomes mayor. • 2014 –
Palm Beach Outlets opens on the former site of the Palm Beach Mall which closed in 2010. • 2017 – Ballpark of the Palm Beaches opens (renamed
FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches in 2018) • 2017 –
Lois Frankel becomes
U.S. representative for
Florida's 21st congressional district. • 2024 –
Donald Trump, a former
president of the United States and
nominee of the
Republican Party in the
2024 presidential election, survives an
assassination attempt while golfing at
Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach. ==Environment==