Early life Émilie Marie Bouchaud was born in Agha,
Algiers,
French Algeria on 14 May 1874; according to her memoirs she was one of eleven children. Only four – Émilie, her two brothers Edmond and Marcel, and a sister, Lucile – survived infancy. Their father died of
typhoid fever when Émilie was five. Their widowed mother, unable to support the four children, temporarily placed them with their grandmother in Algiers. Bouchaud's brother Marcel died shortly after. Adopting the stage name
Polaire ("Pole Star"), she worked first as a
music-hall singer and dancer. One of her earliest hits was performing the French version of "
Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay". Having quickly made a name for herself – artist
Toulouse-Lautrec portrayed her on a magazine cover in 1895 – Polaire briefly visited New York, appearing there as a
chanteuse at various venues, but without achieving major success. On her return to Paris, she extended her range and gained acting roles in serious theatre. Her first major appearance was in 1902, at the
Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, in the title role of a play based on
Colette's
Claudine à Paris. A comedic actress, Polaire became one of the major celebrities of her day. Later, as cinema developed, she appeared in several films. In 1909, Polaire was cast in her first
silent-film role in
Moines et guerriers (Monks and Warriors). In 1910 she returned to the stage, appearing in London and later in New York. (1910 was the date of her first visit as a celebrity to the U.S.; publicity releases did not mention her earlier appearances in 1895.) In 1912, back in France, she was offered a role in a film by the up-and-coming young director
Maurice Tourneur. She appeared in six of his films in 1912 and 1913. After returning to the musical stage, she sailed back to the US for a second tour. Crossing the Atlantic again, she returned to
London to perform at the
Coliseum Theatre. In 1915 Polaire made frequent appearances in London, and was involved in wartime fund-raising efforts. She returned to films in 1922 but, in the declining years of her career, had to be content with lesser roles. Her precise filmography is difficult to determine due to confusion between her and a younger Italian actress with the screen name "
Pauline Polaire", who also featured in early films. Her last film appearance was in 1935 in
Arènes joyeuses, directed by
Karl Anton. ", photographed at the end of her 1910 tour of the United States.
Appearance Polaire was skilled in using her appearance to attract attention. In her early days as a café singer in the 1890s, she wore very short skirts and also
cropped her hair, fashions that did not become common in the rest of society until the 1920s. A brunette, she wore unusually heavy eye makeup, deliberately evocative of the Arab world. At a time when
tightlacing among women was in vogue, she was famous for her tiny,
corsetted waist, which was reported to have a circumference no greater than . That accentuated her large bust, which was said to measure . She stood tall. Her striking appearance, both on and off stage, contributed to her celebrity. For her 1910 supposed "debut" in New York, she provocatively allowed herself to be billed in the advance publicity as "the ugliest woman in the world". When departing on a transatlantic liner, she was apparently accompanied by a "black slave". Returning to America in 1913, she brought a diamond-collared pet pig, Mimi, and wore a
nose-ring. Talk of her figure and her lavish overdressing in fur coats and dazzling jewels preceded her appearances wherever she went.
Jean Lorrain said of her: She was a frequent subject for artists; those who painted her include
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,
Antonio de La Gandara,
Leonetto Cappiello,
Rupert Carabin, Mme. Dreyfus Gonzales and Jean Sala.
Death Polaire's finances suffered from a series of actions by the French tax authorities, and she struggled to find stage or screen roles as she aged. She may have suffered from
depression. She died on 14 October 1939, aged 65, in Champigny-sur-Marne, Val-de-Marne, France. Her body was buried at the Cimetière du Centre, in the eastern Paris suburb of
Champigny-sur-Marne. ==Partial discography==