MarketPearl Coast Zoological Gardens
Company Profile

Pearl Coast Zoological Gardens

Pearl Coast Zoological Gardens, also known as Pearl Coast Zoo, or simply Broome Zoo, was a 64-acre (26 ha) zoo founded by Lord McAlpine of West Green in the Cable Beach suburb of Broome, Western Australia.

Background
McAlpine, a "quixotic" and "eccentric" He pursued some property developments in the city, including the construction of the Parmelia Hotel. This was to become his residence in Broome for more than a decade, and where he would plant and keep an extensive tropical garden with aviaries housing exotic birds, including his prized eclectus parrots. The club was opened in 1988 to coincide with the celebration of Australia's bicentenary. What is now the Cable Beach Club Resort & Spa was at that point "just a caravan park and paddock" on the headland, according to Thom. McAlpine spent AUD $55 million (at 1987 prices) developing the resort, hoping to develop Broome as a tourist destination for visitors from Australia as well as overseas. McAlpine's low-rise, largely timber resort was the antithesis to what other developers such as Christopher Skase were building on the east coast in places such as Port Douglas, Cairns and the Gold Coast. According to Lyn Page, a former employee of McAlpine's, his motives for developing the Club on the site were not entirely commercial however: Alistair's office was on the top floor of where Willie Creek Pearls are now. He overlooked the Bali Hai caravan park which was an eyesore, and every time Alistair drove past it he saw it as a personal affront. He loathed it. He figured that the only way to do something about it was to buy it which he did, and proceeded to develop the Cable Beach Club... The journalist Hugh Edwards, writing in the 2000s, noted that not everybody in Broome was happy with what McAlpine was doing in the mid to late-1980s: There was a group in town strongly opposed to any changes to Broome. They were suspicious and perhaps envious at what they saw as too much money in one person's hands. They had an egalitarian dislike of anyone with the title of Lord. They called themselves 'Conservationists' but in reality they were conservatives to whom any change was anathema. They opposed his every move with protests to Council and Government. While they made life difficult, McAlpine recognised that it was part of living in a democracy, and he persevered as he was entitled to, in his own right. Authors Anne Coombs and Susan Varga, writing in 2001, noted that attitudes towards McAlpine in Broome at the time were still sharply divided, with many resenting him for the "rapid growth of the town and the influx of visitors who overtook Broome". According to the Australian Financial Review, many of Broome's present heritage buildings "owe their current existence and reinvention (as cafes, restaurants, art galleries) to McAlpine's wallet and passions" at this time. Some buildings, such as the microbrewery and restaurant Matso's Broome Brewery, "were physically transported from their original locations when it would have been far cheaper to build replicas". McAlpine also helped to preserve the Sun Picture Gardens. According to Ron 'Sos' Johnston, a town councillor in the year 2000, "We owe Alistair a hell of a lot for the preservation of the architecture of Broome. His presence kept the other developers out." In an official guidebook for the Pearl Coast Zoo published in 1988, the appeal of Broome to the prospective visitor was described thus: "Although pearling is still an important activity, Broome has evolved from these origins to become a popular tourist destination. The special appeal of the town is due to many factors including: its splendid, sub-tropical climate; the distinctive character of its architecture; the magnificent wide, sandy beaches with vivid aqua-blue ocean and relaxed lifestyle of its people". Malcolm Douglas Crocodile Park In the 2000 book Why Broome?, Malcolm Douglas recounted how he had flown from Perth to Broome in 1978 to purchase a "very cheap block on land for sale on Lullfitz Drive." Douglas was aware that "if Broome was to become a tourist location, there needed to be tourist attractions like a croc park", and initially wanted ten acres on the corner of Cable Beach Road and Lullfitz Drive on which to develop this venture. After much discussion with Broome Council, he was eventually granted a lease (starting in 1978) for just two and a half acres on the site. By 1983, Douglas noted that "pressure was put on me to either develop the block in Broome or let it go", adding: In 1984, I collected 11 crocs from Kalumburu and brought them back to a couple of pens I had built on the block. Lord McAlpine was building the zoo at the same time. I finally gave him the reptile licence I had and, in return, he undertook not to have crocs in the zoo. The zoo unfortunately closed in the early 1990s, but we are still expanding." As of , the Malcolm Douglas Crocodile Park still exists in Broome, although it has moved to a different location than its initial siting in Cable Beach. ==Pearl Coast Wildlife Park==
Pearl Coast Wildlife Park
McAlpine's Pearl Coast Wildlife Park, the initial name for what would eventually become the Pearl Coast Zoo, was officially opened on Sunday 12 August 1984. The "latest arrivals" were advertised as being "Banteng wild cattle from the feral population of the Cobourg Peninsula" (in the Northern Territory), "now classed as rare and endangered in the wild". The opening hours were listed as 09:00 to 16:00, Mon-Sun with an entrance fee of $3 for adults, and $1.50 for children (aged 4–14 years). The address was listed as "Lullfitz Drive, off the Cable Beach Road near Cable Beach". Special thanks were extended to Ross Gardiner and Lord Alistair McAlpine for the provision of the meeting facilities, and the group aimed to assist in the conservation of the Kimberley's natural resources through their ventures. but by June 1985 had reduced an hour from 09:00 until 17:00. A "Special Feature" at the park, consisting of "Native and Feral Fauna of the Kimberley Region", was advertised in the local paper. In August 1985, it was reported that the Council had advised the Department of Lands and Surveys that it supported Lord McAlpine's application in buying additional land to expand his wildlife park and "the proposed by-pass road route". A month later, in September 1985, a full-page advertisement in the Broome News announced the latest animals to arrive to the wildlife park: "colourful macaws from South America (the only macaws in W.A.)". In October 1985, Broome News ran a six-page interview with McAlpine, styled as 'The Lord McAlpine of West Green', in which questions relating to the future development of north-western Australia as well as his Wildlife Park were posed. Journalist Ieva Tomsons mentioned that the park was much improved since its opening, to which McAlpine replied: "I've spent an enormous amount of, there is an enormous amount of me in it. It's going to be much more interesting and I want to go into other things here. I want to be able to show small mammals of the Kimberley which people never get to see because they are mostly nocturnal and also the sea-life". A start will be made on the proposed tourist village on the outskirts of Derby, also a second major wilderness resort is being planned at Walcott Inlet on the West Kimberley coast... Details of the wilderness resort at Walcott Inlet have not yet been released. However, the resort is believed to be modelled on a similar resort development by Lord McAlpine in Africa. Guests will be flown into the resort, and will enjoy the unique scenic wildlife, flora and fishing attractions of the area via special nature paths... The two new McAlpine resorts, and others he is planning at gorges along the Gibb River represent the first major tourist developments in the West Kimberley and can be expected to focus international tourist interest on this unique area. ==Pearl Coast Zoological Gardens==
Pearl Coast Zoological Gardens
In 1988, a 60-paged A4-sized guidebook was published by the park/zoo, entitled "Pearl Coast Zoo", aimed at providing an insight into the development of the establishment and the daily activities onsite. In its introduction (and title), the premises was no longer described as a "wildlife park", but rather a "zoo", and explained that it specialised in the acquisition and breeding of rare and endangered species. At that point the zoo housed "more than 1,000 birds and 200 mammals", including, "at time of printing", the "only specimens of red lechwe, gemsbok, nyala, greater kudu, waterbuck and Congo buffalo in the country". and her calf at the zoo in 1989 The 1988 guidebook was prefaced with a section named "Australia - The Ark" in which the ethos of the zoo was laid out: Mankind's destruction of the animal kingdom is of worldwide concern... [..] In addressing this problem, Lord McAlpine considers that Australia with its favourable climatic, environmental, and political conditions, has the ability to fulfil the role of an "Ark" for the world's unique and diminishing wildlife. It is upon this philosophy that the Pearl Coast Zoo was established - to provide a sanctuary for the protection and breeding of rare and endangered birds and mammals [..] The simulated natural environment created for the animals at the Pearl Coast Zoo also provides visitors with a wonderful opportunity to view and learn about some of the world's most unique wildlife. in the Kimberley In keeping with the spacious and naturalistic settings that had been created for the animals, only species from the same climatic band as Broome were selected for the Pearl Coast Zoo collection, and for this reason the guidebook explained that animals such as polar bears and Antarctic penguins would not be seen in the park. Boab trees, typical of the Kimberley region, were transplanted to the zoo grounds, having survived "a ten-hour road journey from Derby". To provide protection to the birds from the hot climate, African-style palm-frond thatching was used in the aviaries as roofing material, which was noted as "blending in beautifully with the tropical landscaping of Broome". Overhead sprinklers were also integrated to ensure that birds were kept cool on very hot days. The Palm Cockatoo aviary, at nearly 14 metres high, was specially planned as to allow "full flight travel" for the zoo's rarest (as of 1988) bird, the Great Palm Cockatoo. To create an appropriate environment for the birds, their aviary was landscaped to include a waterfall, pond and a "healthy collection" of Pandanus palms - the kernel of which is a food of the Palm Cockatoo. A corner section of the abandoned palm cockatoo aviary still stood in situ in a corner of unused ground off Koolama Drive as of December 2024. The 1988 guidebook claimed that the successful breeding programme at the zoo was a "true indication" that the animals were accepting well to their new environment therein and felt "at home". "With new species of rare and endangered mammals continually arriving", the guidebook stated, "the Zoo has exciting plans for the future [including] a 25 hectare extension to the grounds which will house exhibits for Reptiles, Galapagos Tortoise and Primates" as well as a large walk-through aviary to stand over 20 metres high. A plant nursery was also kept at the zoo, where non-native species could be acclimatised. Future plans at the time included "the propagation and growth of rare and endangered plants". The zoo also had a shop, named the Gatehouse, at which art made by local Aboriginal people could be bought. The pieces were sourced from communities in Broome, 'Beagle Bay Mission' (now known simply as Beagle Bay), the Bidyadanga Community (also known as La Grange), and Derby. The guide stated that: "This gives the Zoo a wide variety of authentic artefacts, including shields and stone and wood carvings." In addition to this, carved 'burial posts' used by Aboriginal communities in burial ceremonies on Bathurst and Melville Island were featured in the grounds of the zoo. A typical day at zoo as of 1988 consisted of an early morning meeting at which staff were briefed on special instructions for the day, followed by the feeding of birds and mammals, and inspection of animals for good health. All food items were at that point freighted from Perth, while the zoo did produce some of its own pelletised feed itself. The zoo had its own veterinary clinic, and veterinarian Dave Morrell, to care for its animals, who were prone to occasionally breaking a wing or leg when frightened or fighting. The vet also attended to injured wildlife brought in for treatment by the public. Animals with ungulated hooves had to be checked regularly for over-growth, at which point the mammal would be anaesthetised for hoof trimming. Other staff at the time included Trevor Gibson (curator of birds), Rose Crowd (office administration), Graham Taylor (manager), Ian Waight (park supervisor) and Chris Mitchell and Damien O'Hara (mammal keepers). In July 1988, The West Australian noted that 37 individual animals had recently been brought to Broome by McAlpine from four zoos in England. Zoo manager Graham Taylor was quoted as saying that he believed it was the biggest shipment of animals from one part of the world to another: "Logistically, it was a massive exercise... A special Boeing 707 was chartered to move the animals. Usually only racehorses are moved about in this way". The magazine noted that travelling and living incognito had become somewhat of an "irritating fact of life for Lord McAlpine" who had recently been placed on an IRA hitlist. "A survivor of the Brighton hotel bombing in 1984, he is a prime IRA target", the magazine recounted. McAlpine's West Green House in Hampshire had also recently been bombed by the group in June 1990, a building in which he had been living just a few weeks prior, and where the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher had previously been a guest. Delivering a press meeting at his "$50 million Cable Beach Club", Lord McAlpine quipped "I often remind the staff that if they see a rather scruffy person in jeans wandering about the place not to throw him out. It could be me!" John Adams, the chairman of the McAlpine family-owned, Perth-based company, Australian City Properties (ACP) noted that two other projects of theirs in the Broome region were now "on hold", including the previously proposed Walcott Inlet tourist development, and Kununurra tourist development. The delivery included family groups of the Pygmy marmoset (the world's smallest primate) and the Red-Handed Tamarin. Chief Mammal Keeper, Graham Goldsmith, clarified that "because of the recent refuelers' strikes and bundles of paperwork, the primates arrival was slightly delayed." Plans for a walk-through aviary In the 1988 guidebook, the idea to build a large "walk-though rainforest aviary" was mentioned as a possible plan for the future. Very little additional information was given about the planned project, other than it was envisaged to stand over 20 metres high and would contain a large waterfall and flowing creek. In February 1992, McAlpine again announced plans to construct a walk-though aviary onsite, in order "to house the ever increasing numbers of birds and to allow for diversification in species". An article in The West Australian dated 11 September 1992, noted that two tapirs, four pygmy hippos and two cus-cus had been recently moved from Broome Zoo to Tipperary Zoo (Tipperary Station in the Northern Territory) in a "specially modified air-conditioned truck", marking the final step in a transport operation which had seen 135 animals moved out of Broome Zoo in the past year. Pearl Coast Zoo manager Graeme Taylor (sic) clarified that all animals had survived the journey, and blamed the cost of hay on forcing the zoo to sell the animals. The West Australian noted that "although in a similar climactic belt to Broome, Tipperary has a higher rainfall and the station has the capacity to grow much of its own feed. Allowed to browse in big open range paddocks irrigated from the Daly River, the animals have been thriving..." In December 1992, McAlpine's attorney Russell Chapman explained how "a several months' long operation" had been carried out earlier that year when all of the larger animals from the zoo had been transported to Warren Anderson's large Tipperary Station. This action had come about "as the result of escalating costs of keeping the animals, especially in the face of dwindling tourists numbers to the town (of Broome)." Anderson was assembling a personal collection of exotic Asian and African animals, and his purchase put him in possession of "the largest privately owned mammal collection outside of Australia's major cities". Some of the animals later escaped from Tipperary. ==Financial difficulties==
Financial difficulties
On 20 February 1992, The West Australian published an article entitled 'Broome Zoo Land Switch' in which McAlpine's plans to develop prime crown land (which he had been given to "extend his defunct Broome zoo" by the Dowding government) was looked at. On 22 February 1992, The West Australian noted from McAlpine's hotel suite in Sydney that he had dismissed suggestions that he was planning to make a fortune by selling crown land granted to him by the State Government for his Broome zoo. McAlpine, "who closed parts of his Pearl Coast Zoo last year", said that he needed the development to keep afloat the zoo project which was losing $1.5 million annually: Smith assured reporters that he was just "familiarising himself with the area", and that the rezoning matter was "in the hands of the local community and the council." Zoo manager Graham Taylor was quoted as saying that "they (were) expecting one of the best seasons ever in Broome as they continue(d) to fine tune their breeding techniques", and that "last year, 625 fledglings from 200 different species were bred as part of (the zoos) involvement with the Currumbin Sanctuary captive breeding management programme." Lord McAlpine's Wonderful World of Birds, better known as the Pearl Coast Zoological Gardens, in Broome, has closed its gatehouse. While the public will, for a time, continue to have access to the gardens through the office; and while it will remain open for tours and the visitors from Singapore who will be in Broome later this month, it appears that total closure of the park is inevitable. The news has come as a blow to staff, who learned of the decision just late last week. Several have been given notice." Attorney for McAlpine, Russell Chapman, explained that "years of running at a loss" had finally taken its toll on the business, as well as the recession. Chapman explained that the zoo had been running at a loss ever since it opened, and while management had tried through various means to make it viable, they couldn't do so any longer. Visitor numbers had dropped "by around 60% during the past two years", Chapman explained, adding: : "Although our bird breeding program has been going extremely well, with a very high success rate, the market for birds, as with everything else, has deteriorated markedly [..] The prices that the birds have been fetching, both at home and overseas, are a fraction of what they used to be. Added to this, the freight costs from Broome to where the markets are (mostly on the East Coast) are high. We will, therefore, be more than likely moving our breeding program to East Coast centres. While Lord McAlpine is very sad about this, it is just a reality of life. When asked by the Broome Advertiser what possible future developments could be planned for the zoo land, Chapman replied that no decisions had yet been made. Closure of zoo The 1989 Australian pilots' dispute, which lasted six months (and severely disrupted domestic travel and tourism within Australia), was largely blamed as being a contributing factor in the zoo's demise. UK-based newspaper The Telegraph noted that McAlpine's Australian tourism venture as a whole, in which he had invested £250 million, collapsed as a result, costing him much of his personal fortune. He was also forced to sell his Cable Beach Club Resort in the mid-1990s, which co-owners the Western Australian Development Corporation (WADC) had already pulled out of by February 1991, and by February 1992 was noted as losing $1.5 million per year. A mid-1990s source notes that McAlpine sold the Cable Beach Club Resort in 1995 to American property developer G. Ware Travelstead. Writing of the zoo after its closure, the journalist Hugh Edwards summarised the episode thus: While the zoo apparently thrived and was a great success in itself, there were not enough people visiting Broome to pay the entry fee needed to pay for its upkeep and there could only be one end to that (..) Sadly Lord McAlpine found that he had achieved the seemingly impossible. He had over-reached his finances. His beloved zoo had seduced him to spend money which even he could not afford. Reminiscing in 2000 about the zoo, Lyn Page, former employee of McAlpine's, former-Sun Pictures manager and Broome Shire Council member, remarked: Alistair had bought the land and built the zoo for endangered species in the early 80s. It cost him $1,250,000 each year to run and it ran at an enormous loss. He was so passionate about the zoo. He and his staff tried desperately to find sponsorship for it but to no avail. When the zoo closed it impacted on all of us. It had been a huge asset to both the local community and to our growing tourism industry. I can't help wondering if it wasn't just a little ahead of its time. Regardless, it was a magical place. ==Legacy==
Legacy
An estimated AUD $500 million was spent by McAlpine on his Broome enterprises, including the purchasing of thousands of trees and plants in an attempt to "turn the harsh town into the tropical paradise he'd envisaged". Lord McAlpine had applied to have the wildlife park site rezoned to 'Special Site - Residential, Holiday Accommodation, Staff Housing, Tourist Development and Ancillary Uses'. The Broome Advertiser of 3 December 1992 later noted that the land had been successfully rezoned as such, but had been "the subject of controversy". Of the three lots in question being rezoned, the first two had been purchased in early 1989 for a total of $110,000. The third lot, according to the North West Telegraph, had been purchased after the area had been amended and after a revaluation of the area, costing Lord McAlpine $620,000 in late 1991. In the same article, a spokesperson for the Department of Land Administration said departmental officers had been "concerned at the speed with which land was being taken up by Lord McAlpine", and had "counselled caution and a need to look at the overall planning" for what they described as prime beach-front land. The department also expressed concerns that "although the first lot was leased subject to public competition, the same was not true of subsequent lots which were offered to him as extensions of the existing Wildlife Park in mid-1987". On a trip to Broome in 1993, return-visitor Sandy Trevor and husband Noel decided on a whim to buy a property in the town, and described the process at the time thus: ...we went off to the real estate agents the next morning. That was when we met Griff. He was terrific and drove us around Broome for a couple of hours showing us the different areas and what was available, etc. It was then we learnt that the land where the Pearl Coast Zoo had been, was to be subdivided into residential lots. We had been so lucky in 1991 to have visited that unique zoo. It was truly a tragedy that Lord McAlpine's brainchild had to close due to a combination of the airline pilots' strike in the late 1980s and the collapse of W.A. Inc, the 50% government partner in the Club with McAlpine. We decided then and there to take out an option and put down a deposit on Sunset Park at Cable Beach. We were the first people to do so on Stage One of the subdivision. I put it down to Karma, this was meant to be. Authors Anne Coombs and Susan Varga, writing in 2001, noted that "When the zoo closed, the land was subdivided. It is now covered with expensive homes and holiday apartments, way beyond the reach of the local people." ==Remains of the zoo==
Remains of the zoo
Parts of the zoo were demolished in 1991, The following year, 1995, the Banfield family opened their Cable Beach showroom at the Old Zoo site they had acquired the year before. The Old Zoo Cafe On 15 October 1997, the Broome Advertiser reported that the past three months had seen the entrance and administration buildings of the old Broome zoo "transformed and renovated" by Robert Banfield and Don Bacon, and that they would "soon be home to a new cafe". The Advertiser explained how the Banfield's planned to feature zoo memorabilia on the walls of the cafe, such as photographs, posters, artifacts and signs, with a request also being sent out for "anyone who may have any memorabilia from the old zoo, who would like to donate it to add to the character of the place" to do so. Robert Banfield explained how the old zoo buildings had become dilapidated and falling down, and so the decision had been made to turn it into a cafe. "The only original parts of the building are the slab and the roof and we have restored some of the windows", he said, adding "The actual food preparation area of the old zoo will be the food prep area of the cafe... We have tried to keep a bit of the history of the area by creating the Old Zoo Cafe". Eco Beach Resort As of the year 2000, the wooden walkways that connected the chalets at Eco Beach Wilderness Resort (two hours south of Broome) were ones which had been salvaged from Pearl Coast Zoo according to Lyn Page, wife of the owner of the resort, Karl Plunkett, at the time. ==Conservation of zoo remains==
Conservation of zoo remains
The site has been noted by the State Register of Heritage Places for holding historic value for "its association with the rapid development of the tourist industry in Broome during the 1980s", On 21 January 2020, the site was allocated as 'Place number: 26354' by the State Register of Heritage Places. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com