• The
Philistine Pentapolis:
Gaza,
Ashdod,
Ashkelon,
Ekron, and
Gath, all combined to make
Philistia. • In the biblical
Holy Land, describes the region where five cities—
Sodom,
Gomorrah,
Zoara,
Admah and
Zeboim—united to resist the invasion of
Chedorlaomer, and of which four were shortly after destroyed. • The Doric—or
Dorian Pentapolis:
Kos, on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea;
Knidos, in
Caria on the west coast of Asia Minor;
Lindus,
Ialysus and
Camirus, all three on Rhodes. • The
Phrygian Pentapolis:
Eukarpia,
Hierapolis,
Otrus,
Bruzus, and
Stectorium. • The Pontic Pentapolis:
Apollonia,
Callatis,
Mesembria,
Odessos, and
Tomis, all on the
Black Sea. • The Western Pentapolis of
Cyrenaica: five main Greek colonies that came to be in the Roman province of
Libya Superior, the western part of Cyrenaica until Diocletian's
Tetrarchy reform in AD 296 (now Libya). The most important was
Cyrene and its port
Apollonia,
Ptolemais (the next capital after Cyrene's destruction by an earthquake), port of
Barca (the later Arab provincial capital Barka), Teucheira (modern
Tocra) and Berenice (modern
Benghazi); also known as the
Pentapolis inferior ("lower pentapolis"'). This is the Pentapolis that is referenced in the official title of the
Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and the
Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. • In Italy there were: • an early pentapolis including:
Ravenna,
Forlì,
Forlimpopoli,
Classe,
Caesarea. • a later, medieval
Duchy of the Pentapolis on the Adriatic coast east of
Tuscany and north of the duchy of
Spoleto, including the port cities (North to South) of
Rimini,
Pesaro,
Fano,
Sinigaglia and
Ancona. It was part of the core of the Byzantine
Exarchate of Ravenna. Later, after the fall of the Exarchate, it was transformed into the
March of Ancona • The
Cinque Ports in England—the five being
Hastings,
New Romney,
Hythe,
Dover, and
Sandwich. ==Pentapoleis of the modern world==