Richardson was born on 7 January 1837, the son of devout
Quakers Edward Richardson and Jane Wigham, and grew up in
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was educated at
Bootham School, York. His nephew,
Charles Merz, was a pioneer of electricity distribution in the UK and internationally conceiving the idea of a synchronised electricity grid, now common throughout the world. Although the family business was in
leather tanning, he devoted his life to shipbuilding, learning his skills initially as a draughtsman for Lloyd's Register of Shipping in
Liverpool (in 1853) and then as an apprentice to Jonathon Robson, a steam-tug builder in
Gateshead (from 1853 to 1856). In 1860, at the age of just 23, he founded the
Neptune Works, often incorrectly referred to as
Wigham Richardson, at
Walker on Tyne, with a loan of less than £5,000 from his father. This was one of the world's first shipyards to build ships in steel, and the original steam engine on the site also provided electric lighting to the neighbourhood. The company later merged with
Swan Hunter's yard to become Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson in 1903. This Company became the most technically advanced ship building facilities anywhere and built the
RMS Mauretania for
Cunard which was launched in 1906 and held the
Blue Riband as the fastest liner across the Atlantic for 26 years. True to his
Quaker beliefs, John Wigham Richardson cared greatly for the workers in his company and was a founder of the Workers’ Benevolent Trust in the region, a forerunner to the trades’ union movement. In 1890 he became President of North East Coast Institution of Engineers & Shipbuilders. The yard built all sorts of ships, other than warships. However, in his later years, Richardson moved away from the Quaker faith and attended an Anglican church. His most famous sundial was on the store house at the Neptune shipyard at Walker on Tyne. This is now in the collection of the Tyne and Wear Museums. == Personal life and death ==