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Józef Piłsudski's cult of personality

A cult of personality developed around the figure of Józef Piłsudski, a Polish military commander and politician, in the interwar period and has continued ever since despite his death in 1935. At first, it was propagated by the Polish state's propaganda, describing Piłsudski as a masterful strategist and political visionary. It survived decades of repression during the communist rule of Poland. In modern Poland, Piłsudski is recognized as an important and a largely positive figure in Polish history.

Origins
Piłsudski's popularity, described as a cult of personality, was tied to his role in regaining Polish independence after the First World War and his leadership in the subsequent Polish–Soviet War. Piłsudski seized power in Poland again in 1926 after his May Coup that year. Piłsudski was not primarily interested in cultivating the cult himself, which was done by others, particularly after his death. His funeral in 1935 became a major state ceremony, and it became a sign of things to come, as Piłsudski's followers, known as Piłsudskiites, Piłsudski's cult is tied to Polish Independence Day, as the date of November 11 was also the date of Piłsudski's seizing power for the first time in the newly-independent Poland. Initially, the celebration of Poland's regaining statehood was also a celebration of Piłsudski and the Polish Army, but that relation has lost some of its strength with the progression of time. Despite those efforts, his cult began to wane shortly after his death, according to some, as early as 1937. The cult was particularly strong in the Polish Army. During the Second World War, the Polish Armed Forces in the West continued that tradition, with Piłsudski's memory being highly celebrated, but many leaders of the Polish government in exile, such as Władysław Sikorski, were opposed to it. Piłsudski became even in his lifetime to a namesake of the Polish Navy's gunboat ORP "Komendant Piłsudski" and of the motor transatlantic liner "Piłsudski". The latter, built in Italy, was the first Polish modern transatlantic liner, was launched in December 1934 and entered service in September 1935. ==Later years==
Later years
Piłsudski's cult was suppressed during the time of communist Poland, whose authorities attempted to portray him as a fraud, egoist and even a fascist and as responsible for much of the Poland's ills. The fond memory of Piłsudski persisted among the segments of Polish population, nonetheless, and he became an important figure for many Solidarity activists, including Lech Wałęsa. Piłsudski was also respected abroad. He has been often recognized by Polish public in national surveys as the most influential Polish historical figures since the 1980s (prior data from communist era is not representative), but since the late 1990s, he has been supplanted in that ranking by Pope John Paul II. Paweł Kusiak argues that it is the 1990s which represent the Golden Age of Piłsudski's popularity. Piłsudski's cult and legend is still present in Polish political and cultural discourse; for example, Piłsudski was declared as the most influential politician by both Donald Tusk and Lech Kaczyński in the 2005 Polish presidential election, and he was positively referenced by Polish president Bronisław Komorowski in his electoral campaign in 2010. However, there are groups in the modern Polish society that are highly critical of Piłsudski and his legacy. In 2014, a monument to Józef Piłsudski was erected in Chisinau . Author: Moldovan sculptor Veaceslav Jiglitchi. ==See also==
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