A society's Golden Age marks that period in its history having a heightened output of art, science, literature, and philosophy.
Africa • The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries have been described as a
golden age of trans-Saharan trade.
Asia •
Golden Ages of India (The "Golden Age of India" is typically referred to the flourishing period of the Gupta Empire). •
Gupta Empire during which Indians made remarkable achievements in
mathematics,
science,
culture,
religion,
philosophy, and
astronomy. •
Mughal Empire where India last had one fourth of the global economy and oversaw the construction of intricate monuments such as the
Taj Mahal and
Red Fort. •
Golden Ages of China (The "Chinese Golden Age" is used to refer to the period of the Tang and Song Dynasties from 618 to 1279, which saw an
economic revolution). •
Han Dynasty, especially the
Rule of Wen and Jing and the
Rule of Ming and Zhang. •
Tang Dynasty marked by
advancements in medicine and technology alongside Chinese poetry. •
Song Dynasty where China was the economic superpower of the world, becoming the first nation in history to issue standardized paper money. •
Ming Dynasty notably under
Zhu Di saw the construction of the
Forbidden City and the sponsorship of
Zheng He's voyages. •
Qing Dynasty (specifically
High Qing) where China became the world's largest economy and most populous nation. Furthermore, the Qing Dynasty is the fourth
largest empire in history. •
Islamic Golden Age in which Islamic scientific achievements spanned a wide range of subject areas including
medicine,
mathematics,
astronomy,
agriculture,
physics,
economics,
engineering and
optics. •
Golden age of Myanmar from the 1050s and 1060s under King
Anawrahta until the
Mongol invasions of the 1280s during the
Pagan dynasty where significant advancements were made in
architectural engineering. •
Golden age of Khmer civilization during the 12th and 13th centuries, when
Angkor Wat was constructed,
medieval Cambodia was at its territorial peak, and Hindu-Buddhist culture flourished in mainland Southeast Asia. • Golden Age in
Indonesian history from about 1293 to around 1500 when the Hindu–Buddhist
Majapahit kingdom in eastern Java, under
Gajah Mada, extended its influence to much of southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali.
Europe •
Athenian Golden Age presided by
Pericles. •
Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty (867–1056), has been dubbed the "Golden Age" of
Byzantium. •
Georgian Golden Age, the period of prosperity and cultural flourishing in the
Kingdom of Georgia in the 11th, 12th, and early 13th centuries, especially under Queen
Tamar the Great. is often cited as the Golden Age of
Byzantium •
Golden Age of Bulgaria, a golden age in Bulgaria during the
First Bulgarian Empire period. •
Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula, the period between 900 and 1100. Jews held high positions alongside with philosophy, medicine, and Hebrew poetry prospering. Sometimes categorized as part of the larger Islamic Golden Age, because of the event's timeframe and geography. •
Kievan Rus' underwent a golden age during the 10th century. •
Polish Golden Age, from the 14th century to the end of 17th century. Polish culture blossomed alongside the
Polish Renassiance. •
Portuguese Golden Age, 15th century – 1580. Possibly the European power of the time most proficient in sailing. • The
Spanish Golden Age (
siglo de oro) corresponds to the reign of the
Catholic Monarchs and of the
Habsburgs between 1492 and 1659, a period marked by a powerful
Spanish Empire and by the flourishing of the arts. • The
High Renaissance of the 16th century is often described as the "golden age" of the culture and art of
Renaissance Italy. •
Golden age of Belarusian history, 1500s–1570s, especially in the 1550s–1570s. • The history of
Malta under the Order of Saint John (1530–1798) is generally considered as a "golden age" of architecture, the arts, health and education, especially between the late 1560s and the early 1770s. •
Dutch Golden Age, 17th century, approximately 1588–
1672. •
Golden Age of Dutch Painting, spanning the 17th century. • The
Belle Époque is considered France's golden age as it was a time when culture, science, and living standards reached their peak. • The
Elizabethan era (the reign of
Elizabeth I, 1558–1603) has been described as England's golden age. •
Danish Golden Age, first half of the 19th century. •
Golden Age of Russian Poetry, first half of the 19th century, with Russian poets
Pushkin,
Lermontov,
Tyutchev, and others. • The
Golden Twenties (g
oldene zwanziger) in Germany during the 1920s.
North America • The
Golden Age of Piracy took place primarily within the Caribbean, 1650–1730. •
Golden Age of Capitalism, a period of rapid growth in the economies of the
west, and Japan, from 1945 to 1970. Also used for the
Gilded Age of the late 19th century. ==Culture and technology==