Argentina In
Argentina, the main higher institution devoted to the study of technology is the
National Technological University which has
Regional Faculties throughout Argentina. The
Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (ITBA) and
Balseiro Institute are other recognized institutes of technology.
Australia ;1970s–1990s During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both
vocational and higher education. They were part of the
College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the
Australian Technology Network a few years later. ;1990s–today Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded
technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the
Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer
vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor's degrees. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period. In 2009, the old college system in Tasmania and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au In the higher education sector, there are seven designated universities of technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability – most important of all – to confer doctorates): •
Curtin University,
Western Australia •
Queensland University of Technology,
Queensland •
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology,
Victoria •
Swinburne University of Technology,
Victoria •
University of Canberra,
Australian Capital Territory •
University of South Australia,
South Australia •
University of Technology Sydney,
New South Wales Austria ;Universities of technology These institutions are entitled to confer
habilitation and
doctoral degrees and focus on research. •
Graz University of Technology (13,454 students, founded 1811, Hochschule since 1865, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975) •
TU Wien (27,923 students, founded 1815, Hochschule since 1872, doctoral degrees since 1901, university since 1975) •
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna focused on agriculture (12,500 students, founded as Hochschule in 1872, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975) •
University of Leoben specialized in mining, metallurgy and materials (4,030 students, founded 1840, Hochschule since 1904, doctoral degrees since 1906, university since 1975) ;Research institutions These institutions focus only on research. •
Austrian Institute of Technology (founded 1956) •
Institute of Science and Technology Austria (founded 2007) ;Technical faculties at universities Several universities have faculties of technology that are entitled to confer habilitation and doctoral degrees and which focus on research. •
Johannes Kepler University Linz (Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences founded 1965, university since 1975) •
University of Innsbruck (Faculty of Civil Engineering founded 1969) •
Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (Faculty of Technical Sciences founded 2007) ;Fachhochschulen
Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science. In 2010, there were 20 in Austria
Bangladesh There are some public engineering universities and colleges in
Bangladesh: •
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) •
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology, Chittagong. •
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology,
Khulna •
Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology,
Rajshahi. •
Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET). Formerly known as Bangladesh Institute of Technology,
Dhaka. •
Sylhet Engineering College (SEC) which is affiliated with the Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology,
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. •
Mymensingh Engineering College (MEC) which is affiliated with the Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
University of Dhaka. •
Faridpur Engineering College (FEC) which is affiliated with the Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
University of Dhaka. •
Barisal Engineering College (BEC) which is affiliated with the Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
University of Dhaka. There are some general, technological and specialized universities in Bangladesh offer engineering programs: •
University of Chittagong. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. •
University of Dhaka. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. •
University of Khulna. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology. •
University of Rajshahi. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. •
Islamic University, Bangladesh (IU). Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. •
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. •
Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX). Specialized institution that offers various engineering programs with its interdisciplinary curricula. There are some private engineering universities in Bangladesh: •
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) •
Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST) There is only one international engineering university in Bangladesh: •
Islamic University of Technology (IUT) There are numerous private and other universities as well as science and technology universities providing engineering education. Most prominent are: •
American International University-Bangladesh •
Bangladesh University of Business and Technology. Engineering programs offer under the Faculty of Engineering and Technology. •
North South University •
International Islamic University Chittagong •
East West University •
BRAC University •
Independent University, Bangladesh •
European University of Bangladesh There are numerous government-funded as well as private polytechnic institutes, engineering colleges and science and technology institutes providing engineering education. Most prominent are: •
Bangladesh Institute of Glass and Ceramics •
Dhaka Polytechnic Institute •
Chittagong Polytechnic Institute •
Bangladesh Survey Institute •
Govt. Arts Graphics Institute •
Bangladesh Institute of Marine Technology •
Mymensingh Engineering College • Narayangonj Technical School and College
Belarus •
Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU) (
Minsk, Belarus) •
Belarusian State Technological University (
Minsk, Belarus) •
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics (
Minsk, Belarus) •
Brest State Technical University (
Brest, Belarus) •
Pavel Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel (
Gomel, Belarus) •
Vitebsk State Technological University (
Vitebsk, Belarus)
Belgium and the Netherlands In the Netherlands, there are four universities of technology, jointly known as 4TU: •
Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) •
Eindhoven University of Technology (TU Eindhoven) •
Universiteit Twente (U Twente) •
Wageningen University (Wageningen U) In
Belgium and in the
Netherlands,
Hogescholen or
Hautes écoles (also translated into
colleges,
university colleges or
universities of applied science) are applied institutes of higher education that do not award doctorates. They are generally limited to Bachelor-level education, with degrees called professional bachelors, and only minor Master's programmes. The hogeschool thus has many similarities to the
Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the
ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland. A list of all
hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found at the end of this
list.
Brazil Federal: •
Federal Centers for Technological Education (CEFET) •
CEFET of Minas Gerais •
CEFET of Rio de Janeiro Some CEFETs were turned into Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. •
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFET)Each State has either one (e.g. Pará) or multiple (e.g. Minas Gerais). They are not related to Federal Universities, but offer undergraduate and technical degrees, sometimes, even graduate degrees. •
Federal Institute of Bahia •
Federal Institute of São Paulo •
Baiano Federal Institute - IF Baiano • Federal Institute of Pará •
Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro • Federal Institute of Southern Minas - IFSULDEMINAS • Federal Institute of Maranhao •
Federal Technological University of Paraná (University derived from a federal technical college)
Service academy: •
Instituto Militar de Engenharia • The
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica is regarded as one of the best engineering and computer science colleges in Brazil, it is known for its hard exams, that require some college level knowledge, such as calculus, from high school graduates. Students can choose whether they want to continue as a service member, or to continue as a civilian.
Private: •
Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações – Inatel State: •
Sao Paulo State Technological College • Technical School of Pará (ETEPA)
Bulgaria ,
Bulgaria •
Technical University of Gabrovo •
Technical University of Sofia •
Technical University of Varna • University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy
Cambodia In Cambodia, there are institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and Universities that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to: certificates, diplomas and degrees. Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes and universities tend to be independent institutions. ;Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes •
Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) or
Institut de Technologie du Cambodge (polytechnic institute in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia) •
Phnom Penh Institute of Technology (PPIT) (polytechnic institute in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia) ;Universities •
Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) or Royal Université de Phnom Penh (polytechnic university in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia)
Canada In Canada, there are affiliate schools,
colleges, and institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes that offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to the bestowment of
apprenticeships,
citations,
certificates,
diplomas, and
associate's degrees upon successful completion. Affiliate schools are polytechnic divisions attached to a national university and offer select technical and engineering transfer programs. Colleges, institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes, and universities tend to be independent institutions. Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level; however, university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources. Some of Canada's most well-known colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of
Polytechnics Canada, a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology. ;Affiliate schools •
École de technologie supérieure (ETS) (technical school part of the
Université du Québec system in
Montreal, Quebec) •
École Polytechnique de Montréal (polytechnic school affiliated with the
Université de Montréal in
Montreal, Quebec) ;Colleges •
Algonquin College (
Ottawa, Ontario) •
Conestoga College (
Kitchener, Ontario) •
George Brown College (
Toronto, Ontario) •
Humber College (Toronto) •
Red River College (college in
Winnipeg, Manitoba, offering degrees) •
Seneca Polytechnic (Toronto) •
St. Clair College (Windsor) ;Institutes of technology/polytechnic institutes •
British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT; polytechnic institute in
Burnaby, British Columbia) •
Kwantlen Polytechnic University (polytechnic university in
Surrey, British Columbia) •
Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT; polytechnic institute in
Edmonton, Alberta) •
Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, university in
Toronto, Ontario) – The former Ryerson University was one of the originators of applied education in Ontario and Canada. It became a university in 1993 and dropped the term "polytechnic" in 2002, after it gained the right to grant master's and doctoral degrees, as well as changing the name of some degree designations to bring it in line with other traditional research universities. •
Saskatchewan Polytechnic, formerly SIAST (polytechnic institute; multiple campuses with headquarters in
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) •
Sheridan College (polytechnic institute in
Oakville, Ontario) •
Southern Alberta Institute of Technology (SAIT; polytechnic institute in
Calgary, Alberta) •
Red Deer Polytechnic (RDP; polytechnic institute in
Red Deer, Alberta) •
University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT; university in
Oshawa, Ontario)
China China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.
Chile •
Federico Santa María Technical University (UTFSM), currently the only active technical university / Institute of technology in Chile, founded initially in 1931 as School of Crafts and Arts and School of Engineering José Miguel Carrera, 18,000 students
Costa Rica • The
National Technical University (UTN) founded in 2008 by merging several trade and craftsmanship schools, it is a polytechnic. • The
Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC) was founded in 1971, has its main campus located in the
Cartago province, it is an institute of technology.
Croatia In
Croatia there are many
polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997.
Czech Republic ;Technical universities in Prague •
Brno University of Technology (VUT), founded in 1899, 24,000 students •
Collegium Nobilium in Olomouc, 1725–1847 •
Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT), college founded in 1707, university since 1806, 23,000 students, belongs to the oldest technical universities in the world •
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (ČZU), founded in 1904, focused on agriculture, 18,000 students •
Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague (VŠCHT), founded in 1952, 3,000 student •
Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), founded in 1919, focused on agriculture, 9,000 students •
Technical University of Liberec (TUL), founded in 1953, 8,000 students •
Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB TUO), founded in 1849, 22,000 students •
Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín (UTB), founded in 2000, 10,000 students ;Research institutions •
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV ČR), dates back to 1784, 14,000 research staff altogether ;Technical faculties at universities •
Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem (Faculty of Production Technology and Management, university founded in 1991) •
University of Pardubice (Faculty of Chemical Technology since 1950,
Jan Perner Faculty of Transportation since 1991, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Informatics since 2002) •
University of West Bohemia (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering; University founded in 1991)
Denmark •
Technical University of Denmark, founded in 1829 by
Hans Christian Ørsted Dominican Republic •
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo •
Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago Ecuador •
National Polytechnic School (EPN), National Polytechnic School,
Quito,
Ecuador EPN is known for research and education in the applied science,
astronomy,
atmospheric physics, engineering and
physical sciences. The
Geophysics Institute monitors the country's
seismic,
tectonic and
volcanic activity in the continental territory and in the
Galápagos Islands. One of the oldest observatories in
South America is the
Quito Astronomical Observatory. It was founded in 1873 and is located 12 minutes south of the
Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School. The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irradiation facilities like
cobalt-60 source and
electron beam processing.
Egypt •
Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (AIET) •
Higher Technological Institute • Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology
Estonia •
Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), a public research university •
Tallinn University of Applied Sciences, a public vocational university •
Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, a private institution in Tallinn
Finland ;Universities of technology Universities of technology are categorised as universities, are allowed to grant B.Sc. (Tech.),
Diplomi-insinööri M.Sc. (Tech.), Lic.Sc. (Tech.), Ph.D. and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees and roughly correspond to Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany in prestige. In addition to universities of technology, some universities, e.g. University of Oulu and Åbo Akademi University, are allowed to grant the B.Sc. (tech.), M.Sc. (tech.) and D.Sc. (Tech.) degrees. Universities of technology are academically similar to other (non-polytechnic) universities. Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required 180 credits, whereas M.Sc. from a normal university required 160 credits. The credits between universities of technology and normal universities are comparable. Some Finnish universities of technology are: •
Aalto University formed from
Helsinki University of Technology and other universities •
Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT ;Polytechnics Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland.
Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in
Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "
yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance
insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the
hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the
Fachhochschule in the German language areas. Some recognized Finnish polytechnics are: •
Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences •
Lapland University of Applied Sciences •
Tampere University of Applied Sciences •
Turku University of Applied Sciences A complete list may be found in
List of polytechnics in Finland.
France and Francophone regions ;Instituts de Technologie (
Grandes Écoles)
Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French
grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include: •
Arts et Métiers ParisTech •
CentraleSupélec Graduate School •
Grenoble Institute of Technology •
Institut national des sciences appliquées •
Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace •
Paris Institute of Technology • ESTIA Institute of Technology They provide science and technology master's degrees and doctoral degrees. ;
Universités de Technologie / Polytechs The universities of technology () are public institutions awarding degrees and diplomas that are accredited by the
French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. Although called "universities", the universities of technology are in fact non-university institutes (
écoles extérieures aux universités), as defined by Chapter I, Section II (Articles 34 through 36) of French law 84-52 of 26 January 1984 regarding higher education (the
loi Savary). They possess the advantage of combining all the assets of the engineering
Grandes Écoles and those of universities as they develop simultaneously and coherently three missions:
Education,
Research,
Transfer of technology. They maintain close links with the industrial world both on national and international levels and they are reputed for their ability to innovate, adapt and provide an education that matches the ever-changing demands of industry. This network includes three institutions: •
The University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard (Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard or UTBM) •
The University of Technology of Compiègne (Université de Technologie de Compiègne or UTC) •
The University of Technology of Troyes (Université de Technologie de Troyes or UTT) 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of eleven French universities provide both undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term
haute école specialisée for a type of institution called
Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below). ;Écoles polytechniques Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French
École polytechnique. Such terms include
Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe). In
French language, higher education refers to
écoles polytechniques, providing science and engineering curricula: •
École polytechnique or
X (near
Paris) • École polytechnique de Bruxelles •
École polytechnique de Montréal •
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne •
National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine •
National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse Germany ;Fachhochschule were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science. In 2009/10, there existed about 200 in Germany. See the
German Wikipedia for a list. ;Technische Universität
Technische Universität (abbreviation:
TU) is the common term for universities of technology. These institutions can grant habilitation and doctoral degrees and focus on research. The nine largest and most renowned
Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed
TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München also have a faculty of medicine associated with
university hospitals (
Klinikum Aachen, University Hospital Dresden,
Rechts der Isar Hospital). There are 20 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The three states of
Bremen,
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and
Schleswig-Holstein do not have a
Technische Universität.
Saxony and
Lower Saxony have the highest counts of
TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology. In addition to this, ordinary universities can also offer technical degree programs or focus on technical disciplines in research and education without bearing the title of a technical university.
Greece Greece has
Technical Universities (also known as Polytechnic Universities) with 5 years of study legally equivalent to Bachelor's and master's degree 300 ECTS, ISCED 7 and has the full professional rights of the Engineer. and had
Technological Educational Institutes (TEIs) (1982–2019) also known as Higher Educational Institute of Technology, Technological Institute, Institute of Technology (provides at least 4-year undergraduate degree qualification πτυχίο, Latinised version: Ptychion, in line with the
Bologna Process legally equivalent to Bachelor's honours degree 240 ECTS, ISCED 6. Previously it was three and a half years studies from 1983 to 1995, 210 ECTS). All the Technical Universities and Technological Educational Institutes are
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with university title (UT) and degree awarding powers (DAPs). TEIs existed from 1983 to 2019; they were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments incorporated into existing higher education institutions (HEIs). The two Polytechnic Universities (Technical Universities) in Greece (Greek: Πολυτεχνείο) are the
National Technical University of Athens and the
Technical University of Crete. However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering that provides an equivalent diploma of engineerings with an integrated master and the full professional rights as well. Many TEIs that got dismantled created engineering faculty with 5 years of study and 300 ECTS, ISCED 6. But those faculty are not under the general term of Polytechnics nor they have an integrated master's degree yet waiting evaluation to be characterised as equivalent. These have been named School of Engineers for the time being and not Technical Universities or Polytechnic. In Greece, all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are
public university owned and government-funded, with
free education undergraduate programmes that can be attended without any payment of tuition fee. About 1 out of 4 (one-fourth of) HEIs postgraduate programmes are offered free without any payment of tuition fee, especially about a 30% percentage of students can be entitled without tuition fee to attend all the HEIs statutory tuition fee postgraduate programmes after they be assessed on an individual basis of determined criteria as set out in the Ministry of Education.
Hong Kong The first polytechnic in
Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards
diplomas,
higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the
United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994 and renamed
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the
City University of Hong Kong respectively.
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.
Hungary The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in
Selmecbánya,
Kingdom of Hungary, by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing
further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing
higher education courses. After the
Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to
Sopron. •
University of Miskolc re-established in 1949 as Technical University of Heavy Industry in Miskolc and in 1990 as
University of Miskolc. The university is the successor of the University of Mining and Metallurgy of Selmecbánya (est. as Bergshule 1735). •
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, one of the oldest institute of technology of the world is located in Budapest (est. 1782). The BME was the first
University in Europe to award engineering degrees. •
University of Debrecen – Faculty of Engineering •
University of Dunaújváros • Pallasz Athéné University – GAMF • University of Nyíregyháza – Institute of Technical and Agricultural Sciences •
University of Sopron – The university is a successor of the University of Mining and Metallurgy of Selmecbánya (est. as Bergshule 1735). •
University of Szeged – Faculty of Engineering •
Szent István University •
Széchenyi István University •
University of Pannonia •
University of Pécs – Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology •
Óbuda University India There are
Indian Institutes of Technology,
Indian Institutes of Information Technology, and
National Institutes of Technology in India which are autonomous public institutions. These institutions are
Institutes of National Importance, and hence each of the institutions are autonomous. All Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Information Technology, and National Institutes of Technology have their own councils which are headed by
President of India. The activities of these institutions are generally governed by the institutes alone, but sometimes they are bound to follow the directives of
Ministry of Education (India) and are answerable to Ministry of Education (India) and President of India. Some departments of some of these institutions are bound to follow certain guidelines of
National Board of Accreditation (NBA) if they receive the accreditation from NBA. However, unlike other institutions, it is not mandatory for these institutes to follow guidelines of
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and NBA completely. The authority controlling technical education, other than the
Institutes of National Importance, in India is All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Board of Accreditation (NBA).
Indonesia There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that are owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds of other institutes that are owned by private or other institutions. Four public institutes are: •
Bandung Institute of Technology,
Bandung •
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya •
Kalimantan Institute of Technology,
Balikpapan •
Sumatera Institute of Technology,
Bandar Lampung Public state-owned polytechnics also available and provides vocational education offers either three-year Diploma degrees, which is similar to an associate degree or four-year bachelor's degree in applied sciences (). The more advanced vocational Master's are also available and doctoral degrees are still in progress. Some notable polytechnics in Indonesia includes
State Polytechnic of Jakarta,
State Polytechnic of Bandung,
State Polytechnic of Malang,
State Electronics Polytechnic of Surabaya, and
State Naval and Shipbuilding Polytechnic of Surabaya. These polytechnics are known to break away from Indonesian prestigious universities and institute of technologies, e.g. the State Polytechnic of Jakarta sectioned off from the
University of Indonesia while both Surabaya polytechnics separated from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.
Iran There are 18 technological universities in
Iran. •
Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic),
Tehran •
Sharif University of Technology, Tehran •
Technical and Vocational University, 172 branches in Iran •
Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran •
K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran •
Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran and
Ahwaz •
Isfahan University of Technology,
Isfahan •
Sahand University of Technology,
Tabriz •
Shiraz University of Technology,
Shiraz •
Arak University of Technology,
Arak •
Urmia University of Technology,
Urmia •
Babol University of Technology,
Babol •
Shahrood University of Technology,
Shahrood • Hamedan University of Technology,
Hamedan • Kermanshah University of Technology,
Kermanshah • Qom University of Technology,
Qom • Birjand University of Technology,
Birjand • Jondi-Shapur University of Technology,
Dezful • Sirjan University of Technology,
Sirjan Iraq •
University of Technology, Iraq Ireland An "Institute of Technology" was formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The abbreviation
IT is now widely used to refer to an Institute of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and masters level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year
Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have "delegated authority" that allows them to make doctoral awards in their own name, after authorisation by the
Quality and Qualifications Ireland.
Dublin Institute of Technology developed separately from the Regional Technical College system and after several decades of association with the
University of Dublin it acquired the authority to confer its own degrees before becoming a member ofTU Dublin. The approval of Ireland's first
Technological University,
TU Dublin was announced in July 2018 and the new university established on 1 January 2019. It is the result of a merger of three of the ITs in the
County Dublin area - Dublin Institute of Technology, IT Tallaght and IT Blanchardstown. The
Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest was the third such university, established in October 2021 out of Limerick IT and Athlone IT. The
Atlantic Technological University was formally established on 1 April 2022 out of Galway-Mayo IT, IT Sligo, and Letterkenny IT. As a fifth such institution, the
South East Technological University was established on 1 May 2022 out of Carlow IT and Waterford IT. As of May 2023, the only remaining Institutes of Technology in Ireland are
Dundalk IT and the
Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology. The Technological Higher Education Association is the representative body for the various Institutes of Technology in Ireland.
Israel •
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology •
Holon Institute of Technology Italy In
Italy, the term "technical institute" generally refers to a
secondary school which offers a five-year course granting the access to the university system. In
higher education,
Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding bachelor, master and PhD degrees in engineering. Historically there were two
Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north: •
Politecnico di Torino, established 1859; •
Politecnico di Milano, established 1863. A third
Politecnico was added in the south in 1990: •
Politecnico di Bari, established 1990. In 2003 the Libera Università di Ancona becomes: •
Università Politecnica delle Marche (Polytechnic University of the Marches). However, many other universities have a faculty of engineering. In 2003, the
Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (Italy) and the
Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy) jointly established the
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (Italian Institute of Technology), headquartered in
Genoa with 10 laboratories around Italy, which however focuses on research, not entirely in the fields of engineering and does not offer undergraduate degrees.
Jamaica •
University of Technology, Jamaica, in Kingston, Jamaica
Japan In Japan, an is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the
Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the
University of Tokyo's engineering faculty. ;National •
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 1929 •
Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1949 •
Muroran Institute of Technology, 1949 •
Nagoya Institute of Technology, 1949 •
Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1949 •
University of Electro-Communications, 1949 •
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 1949 •
Kitami Institute of Technology, 1966 •
Nagaoka University of Technology, 1976 •
Japan Advanced Institute of Science And Technology, 1986 •
Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 2006 •
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 2011 ;Public •
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, 1986 •
Maebashi Institute of Technology, 1997 •
Kochi University of Technology, 1997 •
Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology, 2006 ;Private •
Chiba Institute of Technology, 1942 •
Osaka Institute of Technology, 1949 •
Shibaura Institute of Technology, 1949 •
Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1950 •
Kobe Institute of Computing, 1958 •
Aichi Institute of Technology, 1959 •
Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 1963 •
Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 1963 •
Shonan Institute of Technology, 1963 •
Tohoku Institute of Technology, 1964 •
Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 1965 •
Fukui University of Technology, 1965 •
Nippon Institute of Technology, 1967 •
Hokkaido Institute of Technology, 1967 •
Ashikaga Institute of Technology, 1967 •
Hachinohe Technical University, 1972 •
Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1975 •
Toyohashi University of Technology, 1976 •
Saitama Institute of Technology, 1976 •
Tokyo University of Technology, 1986 •
Kobe Design University, 1989 •
Tohoku University of Art and Design, 1991 •
Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 1991 •
Niigata Institute of Technology, 1995 •
Aichi University of Technology, 2000
Kenya In Kenya, Technical Universities are special Universities that focus on technical and engineering courses and offer certifications in the same from Artisan, Craft, Diploma, Higher Diploma, Degree, Masters and Doctorate levels. They are former national polytechnics and are the only institutions of learning that offer the complete spectrum of tertiary education programs. They Include •
Technical University of Kenya, Formerly Kenya National Polytechnic in
Nairobi •
Technical University of Mombasa, Formerly Mombasa National Polytechnic in
Mombasa Jordan •
Princess Sumaya University for Technology in
Amman •
Jordan University of Science and Technology in
Irbid •
Balqa Applied University in
Salt •
Tafila Technical University in
Tafila Macau The first polytechnic in
Macau is the Polytechnic Institute of the
University of East Asia which was established in 1981, as an institute of a private university. In 1991, following the splitting of the University of East Asia into three (
University of Macau,
Macao Polytechnic Institute,
Asia International Open University), a public and independent Polytechnic Institute, Macao Polytechnic Institute, was officially established. The first private technology university
Macau University of Science and Technology is established in 2000. Macao Polytechnic Institute has renamed
Macao Polytechnic University in 2022.
Malaysia ;Polytechnics Polytechnics in
Malaysia have been in operation since 1969. These institutions offer courses at the special skills certificate, diploma, advanced diploma, and undergraduate levels. The first polytechnic in Malaysia, Politeknik Ungku Omar, was established by the Ministry of Education in 1969 with the help of
UNESCO and the amount of RM24.5 million from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). At present, Malaysia has 36 polytechnics all over the country offering courses in fields such as engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design. The following is a list of the polytechnics in Malaysia in order of establishment: ;Technical University There are four technical universities in Malaysia, all of which are part of the
Malaysian Technical University Network: •
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia •
Universiti Malaysia Perlis •
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka •
Universiti Malaysia Pahang Mauritius The only technical university in
Mauritius is the
University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables.
Mexico In Mexico there are different Institutes and Colleges of Technology. Most of them are public institutions. The
National Technological Institute of Mexico (in Spanish: , TecNM) is a Mexican public
university system created on 23 July 2014 by presidential decree with the purpose to unify 263 public institutes of technology that had been created since 1948 and are found all around Mexico. Another important institute of technology in Mexico is the
National Polytechnic Institute (''''), which is located in the northern region of Mexico City.
Moldova •
Technical University of Moldova Nepal •
Institute of Engineering •
CTEVT, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training
New Zealand New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended and are typically considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with
universities, colleges of education and
wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of
Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name '
Universal College of Learning' (UCOL) and another '
Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees. Some colleges of education or institutes of technology are privately owned, however, the qualification levels vary widely. Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with
Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the
Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became
Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the
North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with
UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.) The
Auckland University of Technology is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to
university status; while
Unitec has had repeated attempts blocked by government policy and consequent decisions; Unitec has not been able to convince the courts to overturn these decisions. In mid-February 2019, the
Minister of Education Minister Chris Hipkins proposed merging the country's sixteen polytechnics into a "NZ Institute of Skills and Technology" in response to deficits and a decline in domestic enrollments. This was commenced with branding changes to 20 establishments in 2022 in preparation of their merger into
Te Pūkenga Nigeria Virtually, every state in
Nigeria has a polytechnic university operated by either the federal or state government. In
Rivers State for example, there are two state-owned polytechnic universities;
Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic,
Bori City and the
Rivers State College of Arts and Science,
Port Harcourt. The former was established on 13 May 1988 while the latter–though founded in 1984–was approved by the
NBTE in 2006. The first private polytechnic university in the state is the
Eastern Polytechnic, established in 2008.
Pakistan The polytechnic institutes in
Pakistan offer
Diploma in Engineering spanning three years in different engineering branches. This diploma is known as
Diploma of Associate Engineering (DAE). Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the
10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of the diploma offered in polytechnic institutes is to train people in various trades. These institutes are located throughout Pakistan and started in the early 1950s. After successfully completion of diploma at a polytechnic, students can either get employment or enroll in
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) and
Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree programs. Universities of Engineering & Technology in Pakistan offer
undergraduate (
BE/BS/BSc Engineering) and
postgraduate (
ME/MS/MSc Engineering and
PhD) degree programs in
engineering.
BE/BS/BSc Engineering is a
professional degree in Pakistan. It is a four-year full-time program after
HSSC (higher secondary school certificate).
Palestine University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS) is a technical college in Gaza founded in 1998. The college offers undergraduate degrees in several unique specializations such as education technology, technological management and planning, and geographic information systems
Philippines •
Mapúa University, the premier engineering school of the Philippines. Being an internationally accredited engineering school, it consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines. •
FEU Institute of Technology, a premier engineering school known for its technological academic teaching and board topnotchers operating under the
Far Eastern University system. •
Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, the premier state university in the southern Philippines and the science and technology flagship campus of the
Mindanao State University System (the second biggest university system in the Philippines after the
University of the Philippines). •
Technological University of the Philippines, the premier state university of technology education in the Philippines. •
Technological Institute of the Philippines, an engineering school with an international accreditation. •
Bicol University, center in teaching excellence, offers IT courses and a well known university. •
Cebu Institute of Technology – University, a premier engineering school, this university is known to have high selectivity in admissions as well as excellence in engineering research and education. •
Cebu Technological University •
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, a state university in the Philippines that consistently tops various board exams for engineering students in the Philippines, also referred to as the National Comprehensive University of the Philippines. •
Quezon City Polytechnic University, a local university, this university is well known in engineering, IT and technical education. •
Rizal Technological University, the only university that offers degree courses in astronomy.
Poland Politechnika (translated as a "technical university" or "university of technology") is the designation of a technical university in Poland. Here are some of the larger polytechnics in Poland: •
Politechnika Śląska •
Politechnika Wrocławska •
Politechnika Warszawska •
Politechnika Poznańska •
Politechnika Krakowska •
Politechnika Gdańska •
Politechnika Łódzka •
Politechnika Białostocka •
Politechnika Lubelska Other polytechnic universities: •
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza •
Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy (University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz) • Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny (
West Pomeranian University of Technology)
Portugal Till recently, there was a Technical University of Lisbon (UTL). It included several of the most prestigious schools, including, an engineering school (Instituto Superior Tecnico) and one of the most ancient business schools in the world (ISEG Lisbon). But UTL merged with the University of Lisbon. In this field, here are also a number of non-university
higher educational institutions which are called
polytechnic institutes since the 1970s. Some of these institutions existed since the 19th century with different designations (industrial and commercial institutes, agricultural managers, elementary teachers and nurses schools, etc.). In theory, the polytechnics higher education system is aimed to provide a more practical training and be profession-oriented, while the university higher education system is aimed to have a stronger theoretical basis and be highly research-oriented. The polytechnics are also oriented to provide shorter length studies aimed to respond to local needs. The Portuguese polytechnics can then be compared to the US
community colleges. Since the implementation of
Bologna Process in Portugal in 2007, the polytechnics offer the 1st cycle (licentiate degree) and 2nd cycle (master's degree) of higher studies. Until 1998, the polytechnics only awarded bachelor () degrees (three-year short-cycle degrees) and were not authorized to award higher degrees. They however granted post-bachelor diplomas in specialized higher studies (DESE, ), that could be obtained after the conclusion of a two-year second cycle of studies and were academical equivalent to the university's
licentiate degrees (''''). After 1998, they started to be allowed to confer their own licentiate degrees, which replaced the DESE diplomas.
Romania •
Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1864 •
Polytechnic University of Timișoara, 1920 •
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași, 1937 •
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 1948 •
Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 1948 •
Oil & Gas University of Ploieşti, 1948 •
University of Petroşani, 1948 •
Technical Military Academy of Bucharest, 1949
Russia •
Bauman Moscow State Technical University •
Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University •
Novosibirsk State Technical University •
Tomsk Polytechnic University •
Moscow Polytechnic University •
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Singapore Polytechnics in Singapore do not offer bachelor's, master's degrees or doctorate. However, Polytechnics in Singapore offer three-year diploma courses in fields ranging from applied sciences to business, information technology, humanities, social sciences, and other vocational fields such as engineering and nursing. There are five polytechnics in Singapore:
Singapore Polytechnic,
Ngee Ann Polytechnic,
Temasek Polytechnic,
Nanyang Polytechnic and
Republic Polytechnic. The Polytechnic diploma certification in Singapore is equivalent to an
associate degree obtainable at the
community colleges in the United States. A Polytechnic diploma in Singapore is also known to be parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution, thus, Polytechnic graduates in Singapore have the privilege of being granted transfer credits or module exemptions when they apply to a local or overseas universities, depending on the university's policies on transfer credits. The only university in Singapore with the term "institute of technology", most notably the
Singapore Institute of Technology were developed in 2009 as an option for Polytechnic graduates who desire to pursue a bachelor's degree. Other technological universities in Singapore includes the
Nanyang Technological University and the
Singapore University of Technology and Design.
Slovakia •
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the
Banská Akadémia in
Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia,
Spain •
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid •
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya •
Universitat Politècnica de València •
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Sri Lanka Sri Lanka •
University of Moratuwa •
Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa •
University of Vocational Technology •
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology •
Technical College Sweden •
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm •
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg • The
Institute of Technology at
Linköping University, Linköping •
Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University, Lund •
Luleå University of Technology, Luleå •
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Blekinge
Switzerland • (ETH Zurich) • (EPFL)
Taiwan The question of Taiwanese college education is, the students either from high school (the aims is to go to normal college) or tech high school(the aims is to go to work or technology university), almost all of the students take the same test(the score can go to two kinds of school), and the school would not care what kind of high school you are from. •
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology •
National Taipei University of Technology •
National Taichung University of Science and Technology •
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology •
National Formosa University •
National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology •
National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Thailand Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from
technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are
university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the
doctoral level. Examples are
Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School),
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre) and
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School). There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology":
Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute). Institutes of technology with different origins are
Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from
SEATO Graduate School of Engineering and
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of
Thammasat University.
Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while
Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. A certain number of technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under
martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.
Turkey File:Cultural Center of Suleiman Demirel.jpg|
Istanbul Technical University Süleyman Demirel Cultural Center,
Istanbul File:MiddleEastTechnicalUniversityTreeOfScience800x512.jpg|Statue of
Tree of Science by the main entrance to
Middle East Technical University campus in
Ankara File:Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi 07.jpg|
Yıldız Technical University, located in
Beşiktaş, Istanbul File:Ktu foto 2.jpg|Entrance of Mechanical Engineering department,
Karadeniz Technical University in
Trabzon File:İYTE Teknopark Entrance.jpg|A-1 Building,
İzmir Institute of Technology Teknopark In
Turkey, with historical roots extending back to the
Ottoman Empire,
Istanbul Technical University is recognized as the oldest technical university, established in 1773. Notably,
Karadeniz Technical University in
Trabzon was established in 1955.
Middle East Technical University in
Ankara followed closely, founded in 1956. More recent developments include the transformation of Yıldız University into
Yıldız Technical University, along with the establishment of
Gebze Technical University in
Kocaeli, and
İzmir Institute of Technology in
İzmir. Additionally, the technical education landscape broadened with the founding of
Bursa Technical University in
Bursa in 2010.
Ukraine •
Dnipro Polytechnic •
Donbas State Technical University •
Donetsk National Technical University •
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute •
Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute •
Lviv Polytechnic United Kingdom Institutes of Technology The UK Government defines institutes of technology as "Business-led Institutes of Technology [that] offer higher level technical education to help close skills gaps in key STEM areas". They deliver qualifications from level 3 (T-levels) to level 7 (master's degrees). The government invested £300 million to develop a network of 21 institutes of technology across England, with the last two having opened to learners in September 2024.
Polytechnics Polytechnics were
tertiary education teaching institutions in
England,
Wales and
Northern Ireland. The comparable institutions in
Scotland were collectively referred to as
central institutions. From 1965 to 1992, UK polytechnics operated under the
binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the
Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA). Initially they concentrated on engineering and applied science degree courses and other
STEM subjects similar to technological universities in the US and continental Europe. Polytechnics were associated with innovations including
women's studies, the academic study of
communications and
media,
sandwich degrees and the rise of management and
business studies. Britain's first polytechnic, the
Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the
Polytechnic of Central London (now the
University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense". The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th century. Most polytechnic institutes were established at the center of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education. The designation "institute of technology" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton),
Central Institutions (Dundee, Robert Gordon's) and for the Cranfield Institute of Technology (now
Cranfield University), most of which later adopted the designation university and there were two "institutes of science and technology":
UMIST and
UWIST (part of the
University of Wales).
Loughborough University was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation. The
University of Strathclyde was the Royal Technical College from 1912 to 1956 and then the Royal College of Science and Technology from 1956 until granted university status in 1964. Polytechnics were granted university status under the
Further and Higher Education Act 1992. This meant that polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization. These institutions are sometimes referred to as
post-1992 universities.
Technical colleges In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation
college of advanced technology. They became universities in 1966 meaning they could award their own degrees. Institutions called "technical institutes" or "technical schools" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and university or polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
United States Polytechnic institutes in the USA are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University" or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally
research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a
community college level, parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution. Some of America's earliest institutes of technology include
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1824),
Rochester Institute of Technology (1829),
Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute (1854),
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1861), and
Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1865).
Venezuela Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the
polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound
middle class economy. Nowadays, most of the
Institutos de Tecnología are privately run businesses, with varying degrees of quality. Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The institute of technology implementation (IUT, from ) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUTs were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.
Vietnam •
Da Nang University of Technology •
FPT University •
Hanoi University of Science and Technology •
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology •
Le Quy Don Technical University •
VNU University of Engineering and Technology ==See also==