Royal family regarding Diana's death Queen
Elizabeth II expressed her dismay at Diana's death. Then-Prince Charles woke his sons before dawn to share the news. Upon announcement of the death, the website of the Royal Family temporarily removed all its content and replaced it with a black background, displaying a picture of Diana accompanied by her name and dates of birth and death. An online book of condolence was also made available on the website for the public to post their personal tributes. On Sunday morning after Diana's death, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles,
William and
Harry all wore black to church services at
Crathie Kirk near
Balmoral Castle. Princes
Andrew and
Edward met the mourners outside Kensington Palace as a precautionary measure to test the public mood, On their way from Crathie Kirk to Balmoral, Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, Charles, William and Harry viewed the floral tributes and messages left by the public. Charles and his sons returned to London on Friday, 5 September. They made an unannounced visit to see the floral tributes left outside Kensington Palace. Queen Elizabeth II, who returned to London from Balmoral accompanied by Prince Philip, the
Queen Mother, and
Princess Margaret, agreed to a television broadcast to the nation. Diana's brother, Earl Spencer, and her former sister-in-law,
Sarah, Duchess of York, also visited St James's Palace. In particular, the refusal of Buckingham Palace to fly the
Royal Standard at
half-mast provoked angry headlines in newspapers. The Palace's stance was one of royal protocol: no flag could fly over Buckingham Palace, as the Royal Standard is only flown when the monarch is in residence, and the Queen was then in Scotland. The Royal Standard never flies at half-mast as it is the Sovereign's flag and there is never an
interregnum or vacancy in the monarchy, as the new monarch
immediately succeeds his or her predecessor. Finally, as a compromise, the
Union Flag was flown at half-mast as Queen Elizabeth II left for Westminster Abbey on the day of the funeral. A rift between Prince Charles and Queen Elizabeth II's private secretary,
Sir Robert Fellowes (Diana's brother-in-law), was reported in the media over the nature of the funeral, with Charles demanding a public funeral and Fellowes supporting the Queen's idea of a private one. The Palace later issued a statement denying such rumours. The funeral committee at Buckingham Palace wanted William and Harry to have a bigger role in their mother's funeral and
Downing Street officials suggested that they could walk in the funeral cortège, but faced opposition from Prince Philip, who reportedly stated "They've just lost their mother. You're talking about them as if they are commodities." He later stated that what he experienced after his mother's death "was very much"
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). William was 15 and Harry was 12 when Diana died. The boys received locks of their mother's hair from their aunt Lady Sarah McCorquodale once she returned from Paris according to Harry. Years later, William and Harry defended their father and grandmother's actions in the aftermath of their mother's death. Describing his father's role, Harry said: "[Our dad] was there for us — he was the one out of two left, and he tried to do his best and to make sure that we were protected and looked after." Speaking about his grandmother, William stated: "At the time, my grandmother wanted to protect her two grandsons and my father as well. Our grandmother deliberately removed the newspapers and things like that so there was nothing in the house to read."
US president Bill Clinton said that he and his wife,
Hillary Clinton, were "profoundly saddened" when they found out about her death. In a telegram of condolences,
German chancellor Helmut Kohl expressed the view that Diana had also become the victim of an "increasingly brutal and unscrupulous competition on the part of some of the media". In Australia, the Deputy Prime Minister,
Tim Fischer, condemned the paparazzi for their overzealous coverage of Diana.
Russian president Boris Yeltsin praised Diana's charity work in a statement saying, "All know of Princess Diana's big contribution to charitable work, and not only in Great Britain". Among other politicians who sent messages of condolences were Australian prime minister
John Howard, South African president
Nelson Mandela, Canadian prime minister
Jean Chrétien, New Zealand Prime Minister
Jim Bolger, and Israeli prime minister
Benjamin Netanyahu. The
Government of Canada, as well as individual provinces in the country, set up online and in-person books of condolences in their parliament buildings and memorial services were held across the country. Following her death, delegates at an international conference in
Oslo to ban landmines paid their tributes to Diana, who was an avid campaigner for banning the explosive devices. The
Ottawa Treaty, which created an international ban on the use of anti-personnel landmines, was adopted in Oslo, in September 1997 and signed by 122 states in
Ottawa on 3 December 1997. Diana's work on the landmines issue has been described as influential in the signing of the treaty.
Public In London, thousands of people carried bouquets and stood outside Buckingham Palace after the news of her death. Sporting events in the UK were rearranged, with demands for Scotland's Football Association chief executive to resign due to their delayed response to reschedule Scotland's World Cup qualifier. People in the US were shocked at her death. In
San Francisco, around 14,000 people marched through the city in a procession on 5 September to pay tribute to Diana, honouring her for her work on behalf of AIDS patients. In
Los Angeles, more than 2,500 people transformed a baseball field into a candle-lit altar in a memorial service prepared by an AIDS organisation. People brought flowers and also attempted to visit the Hotel Ritz. Following her death many celebrities including actors and singers blamed the paparazzi and condemned their reckless behaviour.
Mother Teresa, who met Diana a few months before her death, expressed her sorrow and prayers were held at the
Missionaries of Charity for Diana.
Jonathan Sacks led prayers by the Jewish community at the
Western Marble Arch Synagogue, and Cardinal
Basil Hume presided over the Roman Catholic requiem mass held at
Westminster Cathedral. Another research showed that 50% of Britons and 27% of Americans were deeply affected by her death as if someone they knew had died. It also concluded that in general women were more affected than men in both of the countries. The same research showed that Diana's "charitable endeavors" and "ability to identify with ordinary people" were among the main factors that caused her to be admired and respected by the people. Diana's death mostly affected people who were already vulnerable and could identify with her as "a public figure perceived as psychologically troubled but who seemed to have made a constructive adjustment". Another research described Diana's death and funeral as traumatic stressors with psychological impacts that could "be equated with traditional stressors identified in the trauma research literature". In the days after her funeral, an increase in the number of inappropriate hospital admissions was observed, whereas the number of admissions for traumatic injuries decreased for at least three months, showing a possible change in people's driving habits. Her death was also associated with "30% reduction in calls to the police and a 28% drop in public order offences", yet despite its effect on increasing depression and traumatic stress, no significant increase was observed in the number of psychiatric emergencies in
Edinburgh. The national grieving for Diana had economic effects. In the short term, the
Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) estimated that retail sales dropped 1% that week. Traffic congestion in central London as crowds went to the palaces to pay homage likewise adversely affected
productivity, and the CEBR estimated that would cost businesses £200 million, or a total loss of 0.1% of
gross domestic product for the third quarter of 1997. However, in the long run the CEBR expected that to be offset by increased tourism and memorabilia sales.
Reception Some criticised the reaction to Diana's death at the time as being "
hysterical" and "irrational". As early as 1998, philosopher
Anthony O'Hear identified the mourning as a defining point in the "sentimentalisation of Britain", a media-fuelled phenomenon where image and reality become blurred.
Oasis bandleader
Noel Gallagher responded to the reaction with, "The woman's dead. Shut up. Get over it". These criticisms were repeated on the tenth anniversary of the crash, when journalist
Jonathan Freedland of
The Guardian expressed the opinion that, "It has become an embarrassing memory, like a mawkish, self-pitying teenage entry in a diary ... we cringe to think about it." The reactions following Diana's death were subject to criticism by
Christopher Hitchens. His 1998 documentary
Princess Diana: The Mourning After accused the British media of playing an essential role in creating a national, unchallengeable, and at times hysterical
cult of personality surrounding Diana, whereas previously they had been extremely critical of her and the monarchy after she had separated and divorced from Charles, and was having an affair with Dodi Fayed. Hitchens claimed the public were behaving irrationally and that many appeared to not even know why they were mourning. He also scrutinised the level of censorship against criticism of Diana and the monarchy but was accused, in a review by
The Independent, of exaggerating on this point.
Private Eyes sales dropped by one third after it ran a cover titled "Media to Blame", which attempted to criticise the instant switch in the media and the public's opinion of Diana after her death from critical to complimentary. Hitchens's views were later supported by Jonathan Freedland of
The Guardian, who also questioned the reason behind the "outburst of mass hysteria" following Diana's death and described it as "an episode when the British public lost its characteristic cool and engaged in seven days of bogus sentimentality, whipped up by the media, and whose flimsiness was demonstrated when it vanished as quickly as it had appeared". Comparing Diana's funeral to
that of Winston Churchill,
Peter Hitchens (brother of Christopher) observed the "difference in the self-discipline of the people and their attitudes" at the two historical events, with them being more restrained at Churchill's funeral but "un-English" at Diana's. Some cultural analysts disagreed. Sociologist
Deborah Steinberg pointed out that many Britons associated Diana not with the Royal Family but with social change and a more liberal society: "I don't think it was hysteria, the loss of a public figure can be a touchstone for other issues." Carol Wallace of
People magazine said that the fascination with Diana's death had to do with "the fairy tale failing to end happily – twice, first when she got divorced and now that she died". Reflecting back on the event in the 2021
Apple TV+ docuseries ''
The Me You Can't See'', Diana's son Prince Harry said that he was surprised by the extent to which the public reacted to his mother's death. Referring to the day of her funeral, he said: "I'm just walking along and doing what was expected of me, showing the one-tenth of the emotion that everybody else was showing. This was my mum, you never even met her." In his memoir
Spare, he mentions meeting members of the public following his mother's death and "Hundreds and hundreds of hands that planted us again and again in front of our faces, with our fingers often wet. Of what? I wondered. Tears, I understood. I disliked the touch of those hands. What's more, I disliked how they made me feel guilty. Why were all of those people crying when I was neither crying nor able to cry?" == Memorials ==